ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคึผื™ื ืขืก: ืึทืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข

ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคึผื™ื ืขืก: ืึทืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข

ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคืจืึทื–ืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจืึทื˜ืึทื“ ืกื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืึธื•ื˜ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึทืœืข ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื™ื ื’ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’. ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืึทื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžื•ื•ื•ืžืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื•ื•ืžืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืžืคึผืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื˜ืึธืขืก ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืœ, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžืึทืจืš ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ "ืžืึทืคึผืก" ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื ืงืึทื ืฉืึทืกืœื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืจืš ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืคึผืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืคึผืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’. ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึธืกื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืึทื ื“ืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืกืขืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืจืึทืฅ. ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืจืš ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืขืœื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืึธืœืข ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืก ืงืึทืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืจืึธื•ื‘ืึทืฅ? ืžื™ืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข. ื’ื™ื™.

ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื™ืงืขืจ

ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืœืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืš ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืคึผืคึผืึธืงืึทืžืคึผื•ืก.

ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืคึผืึธืงืึทืžืคึผืึทืก ืื™ื– ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื–: ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืžืึธื•ืฉืึทื ื–, ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงื•ืจืฅ-ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’-ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคึผื™ื™ืฉืึทืœ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ "ืžืึทืคึผืก" ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžืึทืจืš ืจื•ืคื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขืจ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ. ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืคึผืคึผืึธืงืึทืžืคึผื•ืก ืกื˜ืึธืจื– ื“ืจื™ื™-ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืš ืื™ื– ืœื™ื’ืŸ.

ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคึผื™ื ืขืก: ืึทืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข
ื”ื™ืคึผืคึผืึธืงืึทืžืคึผื•ืก

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืื’ื˜ ืึทื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืคึผืคึผืึธืงืึทืžืคึผื•ืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื“ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉืจื™ื˜ - ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืคึผืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’. ืึทื– ืื™ื–, ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื• ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ื– ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ (ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืžืึทืคึผืก), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื• ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš (ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ "ื’ืึทืก ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’" ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ Google ืžืึทืคึผืก).

ื“ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืจื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข: ืงืึธื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืžืึทืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึธื“ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืคึผืึทืงืึทืžืคึผืึทืœ ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ ืกืงื™ืœื– (ื“ื™ ืžื•ื•ื•ืžืึทื ืฅ ื–ื™ืš) ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขืคึผืจื™ื–ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื.

ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคึผื™ื ืขืก: ืึทืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข
UFO: Enemy Unknown (ืึทืœืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื) ืื•ืŸ DOOM (ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื).

ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทืœืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืจื™ื™ึท ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ (ืึธื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืืื–"ื• ื•) ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืจื™ื™ึท ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืœ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืกื‘ึฟื™ื‘ึฟื” ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืื™ื ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืจืขืœืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืกื‘ึฟื™ื‘ึฟื”. ืื–ื•ื™, ืึทืœืึธืฆืขื ื˜ืจื™ืฉ ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึผืœืึทื ื– ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“.ื”. ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ.

ืจืขืกืขืึทืจื˜ืฉืขืจืก ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืจืกืึธืžืขื“ื™ืึทืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ืึทื˜ื•ื (ื“ืžืก)* ืคื™ืขืกืขืก ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืจืึธืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก.

ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคึผื™ื ืขืก: ืึทืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข
ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื™ืึทื˜ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš ืžืึทืจืš.

ืกื˜ืจื™ืึทื˜ื•ื* - ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืกืึทืœ ื’ืึทื ื’ืœื™ืึท; ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื™ืึทื˜ื•ื ืื™ื– ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื’ื•ืœื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกืงืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ, ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืึธืจื’ืึทื ืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจืึทืœ ืจื™ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–; ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื™ืึทื˜ื•ื ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ "ืกื˜ืจื™ืึทื˜ื•ื" ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืœื˜ืขืจื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืึทื ื“ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืก ืขื ื™ืŸ.

ื“ื™ DMS ื“ืขืžืึทื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืฅ ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ืกืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืื›ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืš ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ.

ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ

ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ / ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืกืคึผื™ื™ืฉืึทืœ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื™ืึทื˜ื•ื (ื“ืžืก), 4 ื–ื›ืจ ืจืึทืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 16 ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึธื“ืขืก (ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื™ืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื•ื“ื– ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืš) ื˜ืึทืจื’ืึทื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื“ืžืก (1 ืึท).

ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคึผื™ื ืขืก: ืึทืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข
ื‘ื™ืœื“ #1: ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ืึทื˜ืึทืœ ืกืขืœื– ืฆื• ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืขื ืึทืœ ื‘ืึทื•ื ื“ืจื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ืจืึทื.

ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื ื•ืž 1:ะฐ - ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึธื“ืข ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ;
b - ืขื’ืึธืฆืขื ื˜ืจื™ืฉ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืžืึทืคึผืข;
ั - ืึทืœืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืกืคึผื™ื™ืฉืึทืœ ืžืึทืคึผืก (4 ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก), ืงืึธืœื™ืจ-ืงืึธื“ืขื“ ื˜ืจื™ื™ึทืขืงื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึธื•ืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขืœ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืคึผื™ืงืก ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข, ืื•ืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืžืึทืคึผืก (4 ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜) ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ EBC ืกืขืœื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืึทื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืฉื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜;
d - ืื–ื•ื™ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ 1 ืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ EBC ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืึทื– ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื™ึทืข;
e - ืื–ื•ื™ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ 1 ืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ EBCs;
f - ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ืœืขื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืกืขืœื–;
g - ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ืœืขื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ EBC ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’;
h - ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืœื– (ืึทืœืข ืื•ืŸ EBC).

44 ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืึทืฅ ื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ ืจืึทื ื“ืึทืžืœื™ ืฆืขื•ื•ืึธืจืคืŸ ืขืกื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ (ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžื™ื™ื–). ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, 939 ืกืขืœื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“. ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, 31 ืงืึธืคึผ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืกืขืœื– (HDCs) ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืึธื›ืฆืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืœื–, 19 ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ื”ืื˜ ืึทืœืœืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืกืคึผื™ื™ืฉืึทืœ ืงืึธืจืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืœื–, ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข, ืื™ื– ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืฉื•ืจ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืงืึทืžืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืกืฅ ืึทืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืกื›ืขืžืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึธื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื‘ืึทื•ื ื“ืจื™ื–.

ืฆื• ืึทืกืกืขืกืก ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึทืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืฆืขืœ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืžืึทืคึผืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ (1b), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืœื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื ื“ืจื™ื– ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืฉื•ืจ ืก ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’, ืืœื ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ (ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื• 1g).

18% ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“ ืกืขืœื– (171 ืคื•ืŸ 939) ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืขืจ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืžืขื ืึทืœ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ (1f). ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ืจื•ืคืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืกืขืœื– (EBCs). ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืกืขืœื–). ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืกืขืœื– ืื™ืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืžืขื ืึทืœ ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืจื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื“ ืคื•ืŸ 15 ืฆื• 70 ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ 42.75 (1c, 1d).

ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ื‘ืึทื•ื ื“ืจื™ื–, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืงืจื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื ื“ืจื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืขืจ. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 49 ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ EBCs (iEBCs). ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืฆืขืœ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ (ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ) ืื™ืŸ EBC ืื•ืŸ iEBC ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง - 1,26 ยฑ 0,09 ื”ื– (1h).

ื“ื™ EBC ืฆืขืœ ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’ ืจื™ืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื– ืฆื• ืึทืœืข ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืขืจ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ื™ืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื™ืžืึธื“ืึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผื™ืงืก ืœื™ื’ืŸ 180 ยฐ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื™ึทืข (-68 ยฐ ืื•ืŸ 112 ยฐ) , ื–ื™ื™ึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืึธืคืกืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืงื•ืœืึทืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœืึทื ื’ ืึทืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื™ึทืข ื“ื•ืจืš 22 ยฐ (2d).

ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคึผื™ื ืขืก: ืึทืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข
ื‘ื™ืœื“ #2: ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืกืขืœื– (EBCs).

ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื ื•ืž 2:a - ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืžืึทืคึผืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืจ ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืกืœื™ ื™ื’ื–ืึทืžืึทื ื“ EBCs ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง;
b - ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึธื“ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืขืœื– ืคื•ืŸ 2 ืึท (ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึธื“ืข ื ื•ืžืขืจ);
ั - ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืข EBC ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืฉื•ืจ;
d - ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ EBC ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืจืึทืฅ;
ะต - ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึธื“ืข ืฉื˜ืขืœืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืกืขืœื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 2f;
f - ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืžืึทืคึผืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ืขืงืก ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืกืœื™ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“ EBCs ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืึทื– ืื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง;
g - ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืข EBC ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืฉื•ืจ;
h - ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข ืคึฟืึทืจ EBC ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืจืึทืฅ;
i ืื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืึธืœื™ืึทืจ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืข EBCs, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืจืขืคึผืจื™ื–ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทืฅ.

ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื“ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคึผื™ืงืก: 6.4, 13.5 ืื•ืŸ 25.6 ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืžืขื˜ืขืจ, ื™ื ื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืึทื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ EBCs (2f-2h), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื›ื™ื™ืขืจืึทืจืงืึทืงืึทืœ ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ืึทืฆื™ืข ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืข. ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ EBC ืจืขืกืขืคึผื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ (2i), ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ืฅ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืึทืงื™ืขืจืึทืกื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื ื“ืจื™ื– ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืงืจื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืžืขื ืึทืœ ื˜ืขืžืข.

ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข ืคืขืœืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึธืจ ื˜ืึทืคึผืึทื’ืจืึทืคื™, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืขื‘ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืึทื– ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึธื“ืข (2a, 2b, 2e ะธ 2f).

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– EBCs ืงืึทื ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื ื˜ืœื™ ืจื™ืกืคึผืึทื ื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื ื“ืจื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ (ืงืึทืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜) ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ื™ืžื‘ืขืจื–. ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึทื– EBCs ืจื™ืกืคึผืึทื ื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ื‘ืึทื•ื ื“ืจื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืขืจ ืืœื ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทืœ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก "ืจืึธื•ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“" ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ืก ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ื“ื•ืจืš 45 ยฐ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ, ืžืื›ืŸ ืขืก ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืขืกืฅ.

ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืงืึทืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึธื•ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ. ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืงืึทืžืขืจ, ืึทืœืข ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืึทื– ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ EBC ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข.

ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื’ืœืขืก, ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื– EBCs ื™ื•ื ื™ืงืœื™ ืขื ืงืึธื•ื“ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืขื ืึทืœ ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜. ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ื™ืกืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืขืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืึท ืกืึทื‘ืกืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ EBC ืกืขืœื– (n = 16; 9,4%) ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื• ืขืงืŸ.

ืื–ื•ื™, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื“ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืกืงื ื ืึทื– ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ EBC ืกืขืœื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื™ืกืคึผืึทื ื“ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืงืึทืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืขืงืŸ.

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ EBC ืกืขืœื– ืฆื• ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ (ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืืจืขื ืข ืึธืŸ ืึท ืžื™ื™ื–, ื“"ื” ื ืึธืจ 4 ื•ื•ืขื ื˜) ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜. 3 ืจืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืึธื ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ 50 ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืžืขื˜ืขืจ.

ืจืขื’ืึทืจื“ืœืขืกืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืงืึทืžืขืจ, EBCs ืจื™ืกืคึผืึทื ื“ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื ื“ืจื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ื™ืง. ื“ืึธืก ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ืฅ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืขื ืึทืœ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก.

ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคึผื™ื ืขืก: ืึทืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข
ื‘ื™ืœื“ #3: ืกื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ EBC ืกืขืœื– ืฆื• ืกืคึผื™ื™ืฉืึทืœ ื‘ืึทื•ื ื“ืจื™ื–.

ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื ื•ืž 3:ะฐ - ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง EBC ืžืึทืคึผืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื˜ื ืึธื™ื (ืœื™ื ืงืก) ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืงืึทืžืขืจ ืื™ื– ืจืึธื•ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš 45 ยฐ (ืจืขื›ื˜);
b - ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง EBC ืžืึทืคึผืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ 1.25 x 1.25 ืขื (ืœื™ื ืงืก) ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืขื ืœืึทืจื’ืขื“ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ 1.75 x 1.75 ืขื (ืจืขื›ื˜);
ั - ืขื’ืึธืฆืขื ื˜ืจื™ืฉ EBC ืžืึทืคึผืก ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ืงืึทืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ (ืœื™ื ืงืก) ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจื“ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ (ืจืขื›ื˜);
d-f - ื’ืจืึทืคืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข (ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ) ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืกืขืœื™ื ืข (ื“ื ืึธ).

ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื™ืึทื˜ื•ื ื ืขืžื˜ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืš ืก ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœ ืงืึธืจื˜ืขืงืก, ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืš ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ ื™ื ืคืœื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– (3 ืก) ื˜ืฉื™ื™ืžื‘ืขืจื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ EBC ืกืขืœื–.

ื˜ืฉืึทื ื’ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื ื“ืจื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ EBC ืกืขืœื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืฃ ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืžืขื ืึทืœ ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ื™ืง.

ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคึผื™ื ืขืก: ืึทืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข
ื‘ื™ืœื“ #4: ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™ ืคื•ืŸ EBC ืฆืขืœ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืจืึทื’ืึทืจื“ืœืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข.

ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื ื•ืž 4:ะฐ - ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืžืึทืคึผืก ืคึฟืึทืจ EBC ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ (ืœื™ื ืงืก) ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท (ืจืขื›ื˜) ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ;
b - ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืžืึทืคึผืก ืคึฟืึทืจ EBC, ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขื”ืึทืœืขืš;
ั - ื’ืจืึทืคืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ (ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ) ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืกืขืœื™ื ืข (ื“ื ืึธ) ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื™ื™ึทืข (ืึทื ืคืึทืžื™ืœื™ืขืจ) ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ;
d - ื’ืจืึทืคืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข (ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ) ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืกืขืœื™ื ืข (ื“ื ืึธ) ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ (ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜) ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ EBC ืกืขืœื–, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืžืขื ืึทืœ ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ื™ืง, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ืขื "ื˜ื™ื™ืžื“" ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืงืึทืžืขืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ EBC ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ื˜ื ืึธื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืึธื ืขืก. ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืฅ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืื•ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ึทืขืจื“ื™ืง ื˜ืขืกืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื™ึท ืงืึทืžืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึฟืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ.

ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืกื˜, ื“ื™ EBC ืฆืขืœ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ + ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ / ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื˜ืฉื™ื™ืžื‘ืขืจื– (4a, 4c).

ืื–ื•ื™, ื“ื™ EBC ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ืกื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื ื“ืจื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข, ืจืึทื’ืึทืจื“ืœืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜, ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื— ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืงืึทืžืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืข ืคืืจื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืขืจ.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืš ืจืขืงืึธืžืขื ื“ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ะธ ื ืึธืš ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก ืฆื• ืื™ื.

ืขืคึผื™ืœืึธื’

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึทืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทืœืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ืกืคึผื™ื™ืฉืึทืœ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื“ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื– ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืกืขืœื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื™ืึทื˜ื•ื, ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืขื’ืึธืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืง ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืกืขืœื– (EBC). ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– EBCs ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื’ื•ืฃ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ.

ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืึทื™ืžืขื“ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื‘ืึทืœื–. ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ืึทืฆื™ืข ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธื˜ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืก ืงืึทืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืจืึธื•ื‘ืึทืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืึทืจื•ื ื–ื™ื™, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ. ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกืขืจื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืคึฟืจื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฆื• ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜.

ื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ, ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ืึธืš ื’ื™ื™ื–! ๐Ÿ™‚

ื“ืื ืง ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–. ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ? ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜? ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืึท ืกื“ืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืคืจืขื ื“ื–, 30% ืึทืจืึธืคึผืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ Habr ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืึทื ืึทืœืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ: ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืืžืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 ืงืึธืจืขืก) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps ืคึฟื•ืŸ $20 ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืึท ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ? (ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืžื™ื˜ RAID1 ืื•ืŸ RAID10, ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 24 ืงืึธืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 40GB DDR4).

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ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’