ื ื™ื• ืคืึธืจืฉืึทื“ืึธื•ื• ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืคืขืงืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ, ืึทืžื“, ARM ืื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ื ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื–

ื ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืจื™ืกืขืจื˜ืฉืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉืข ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึทื– (ืขืกื˜ืจื™ื™ึทืš) ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœืžื”ืึธืœืฅ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ (ืกื™ืกืคึผืึท), ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜ (ืคึผื“ืฃ) ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜-ืงืึทื ืึทืœ ืื ืคืืœืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉืึทื“ืึธื• (L1TF), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Intel SGX ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก, SMM (ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืžืึทื ืึทื’ืขืžืขื ื˜ ืžืึธื“ืข), ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืก ืงืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 2018 ืคืึธืจืฉืึทื“ืึธื• ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคืขืงืฅ ืงืคึผื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืึทื ื™ืึทืคืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืขืจื– ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ARM, IBM ืื•ืŸ AMD. ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทืกืขืžื‘ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื‘ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจืขืจ.

ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉืึทื“ืึธื•ื• ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทืงืกืขืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื™ืกื ืขื (ื•ื•ืึธืงื–ืึทืœ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืฉื•ืœื“), ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืงื•ืœืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืœื™ ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื•ื“ื– ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ L1 ืงืึทืฉ. ืกืคึผืขืงื•ืœืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืึทืงืกืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทื’ืึทืจื“ืœืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข (PTE), ื“.ื”. ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืจื™ื“ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™. ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื˜ืฉืขืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ PTE, ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื™ื ื’ ืงืึทืฉ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื˜ืฉืึทื ืึทืœื– (ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืงืึทืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืงืึทื˜ืฉืขื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ).

ืจืขืกืขืึทืจื˜ืฉืขืจืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืคืึธืจืขืฉืึทื“ืึธื•ื• ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ื™ืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืœืฉ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื. ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™
ืคืึธืจืฉืึทื“ืึธื•ื• ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืงืกืคึผืœื•ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืจืึทื’ืึทืจื“ืœืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืžื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’. ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกืขืจื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื“ืขืžืึทื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืคืึธืจืขืฉืึทื“ืึธื•ื• ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืขืคื™ืขืจืขืš ืึทืœื˜ ืงืขืจื ืึทืœื–, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืข ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืคืึธืจืขืฉืึทื“ืึธื• ืฉื•ืฅ ืžืึธื“ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืงืขืจื ืึทืœื–, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– Specter-v2 ืฉื•ืฅ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืงืจื™ืคึผืœื˜ (ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืงืขืจืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข nospectre_v2).

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืคึผืจืขืœืึธืึทื“ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืคึผืจื™ืคืขื˜ืฉ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’
ืคึผืจื™ืคืขื˜ืฉ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทืงืขืจื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกืคึผืขืงื•ืœืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืจืขื“ื–ืฉื™ืกื˜ืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ. ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืฉืึธืจืข ืึทื– ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืœื™ืงืึทื“ื–ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืขืฉืึทื“ืึธื•ื• ืงืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ L1 ืงืึทืฉ, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืงืึธื“ ืกื ื™ืคึผืึทืฅ (ืคึผืจืขืคืขื˜ืฉ ื’ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืฅ) ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืœื™ืงืึทื“ื–ืฉ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ L1 ืงืึทืฉ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ืŸ L3 ืงืึทืฉ.

ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืคึผืขื ืก ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื ื™ื™ึท ืื ืคืืœืŸ ืึทื™ืžืขื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉ ืึธื ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื™ื ื’ ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืงืคึผื• ืจืขื“ื–ืฉื™ืกื˜ืขืจื–. ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ืขืžืึทื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกืขืจื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืฆื• ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 10 ื‘ื™ืฅ ืคึผืขืจ ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ Intel Core i7-6500U ืงืคึผื•. ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ืงื™ื ื’ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Intel SGX ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ (ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ 32 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืึท 64-ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืึท 15-ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจืŸ). ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื ืคืืœืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ืึทืกืกืขืžื‘ืœื™, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ื™ืจืŸ 64-ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืจืขื“ื–ืฉื™ืกื˜ืขืจื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ.

ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืึทืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉืึทื“ืึธื•ื• ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ L3 ืงืึทืฉ, ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืขืจ-ื‘ื˜ื‘ (ื‘ืจืึทื ื˜ืฉ ื˜ืึทืจื’ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืคืขืจ) ืฉื•ืฅ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื˜ืคึผืึธืœื™ื ืข ืœืึทื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•. ืื–ื•ื™, ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกืขืจื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืจืขื˜ืคึผืึธืœื™ื ืข ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืงืคึผื•ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืคึผื• ืกืคึผืขืงื•ืœืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืก ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฉื•ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉืึทื“ืึธื•ื• ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืขืก ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืขืจ ื•ื• 2 ืื•ืŸ ืœ 1 ื˜ืฃ (ืคืึธืจืฉืึทื“ืึธื•ื•) ืื ืคืืœืŸ.

ืžืงื•ืจ: opennet.ru

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’