FreeBSD Q2019 XNUMX ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืก ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื˜

ืืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ FreeBSD ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืœ-ื™ื•ื ื™ 2019. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ:

  • ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžื™ืง ื™ืฉื•ื–
    • ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืŸ ืึท ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืคืึธืจืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืงืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืกื•ื‘ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืึธืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ื’ื™ื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื.
    • ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ื– ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ FreeBSD ืงืขืจืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื syzkaller ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืขืจืขืงื˜ืึทื“. ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืจืขืจื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท 32-ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท 64-ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืงืขืจืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกื™ื–ืงืึทืœืœืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ืฆื• ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืจื•ืคืŸ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’, ื ื•ืฆืŸ LLVM ืกืึทื ื™ื˜ื™ื–ืขืจ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ, ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ืขื˜ื“ื•ืžืคึผ ืฆื• ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืขืจืŸ ื“ืึทืžืคึผืก ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืงืจืึทืฉื™ื– ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืคืึทื–ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’, ืขื˜ืง.
    • ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ zlib ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืขืจืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ื–ืœื™ื‘ ืงืึธื“, ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจื™ื‘ / ื–ืœื™ื‘ ื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืจื™ื ื™ื™ืžื“ ืฆื• sys/contrib/zlib, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ crc.h ื›ืขื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืจื™ื ื™ื™ืžื“ ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ zlib/crc.h. ืงืœื™ื ื“ ืœืขื’ืึทื˜ ืงืึธื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธืคืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืœื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืœื™ื™ื˜. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืกืœื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื–ืœื™ื‘ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืึทืœ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืฉืึทืŸ;
    • ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืขืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ (ืœื™ื ื•ืงืกื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ) ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜. ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ื“ื™ื‘ืึทื’ื™ื ื’ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจืึทืกืข ื ื•ืฆืŸ. ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก-ืง7-ืกื˜ืจืึทืกืข ืคึผืขืงืœ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจืฅ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผื•ืจ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืงื˜ืจืึทืกืข ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืงืึธื“ืข ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก-ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืคืœืึทื’ืก ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื–. ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก-ืœื˜ืคึผ ืคึผืขืงืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ื˜ืขืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜ ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ื™ืฉื•ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขืก ืœื™ื ื’ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’libc ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื•ื•ื“;
    • ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืœื™ื™ื“ ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื“ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืžืึทืคึผ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืื™ื– ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืจื™ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืึธืŸ ืœืึทืงืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ืกืงืึทืœืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืขืจืคืึธืจืžื™ื ื’ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ื•ื ืžืึทืคึผ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–;
    • ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืœืึทืงื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื ืึธื“ืข ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืจื•ืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื•ืข () ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืื™ื– ืคืืจืขื ื“ืขืจื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืกืœื™ ืขืงืกืึทืงื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื•ืข () ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืข (ืœืžืฉืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืขืจืคืึธืจืžื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ) ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจ);
  • ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜
    • ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื•ืข ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ื”ืืœื˜ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœื™ื™ื•ื• ืžื™ื™ื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทืกื˜ ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืฆื• ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื˜ / ืจื™ืกื˜ืึธืจ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืคืจื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืฉืคึผืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื ืขืžืขื  ื–ื™ื› ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ.
    • ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืกืง ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง, bhyve ื”ืื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ืกืง ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ QCOW2 ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜. ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื– ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ
      ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืžืึทื“ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹bhyve, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื˜ืขืงืข ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืจืก ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ libvdsk. ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ืจื™ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืœื™ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืกืง ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึธืคึผื™-ืื•ื™ืฃ-ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ. ืคื• ืŸ ื“ ื™ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื  ืข ืื•ื™ืคื’ืื‘ืข ืŸ ืฐืขืจ ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืง ื˜ ื“ ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื’ืจืืฆื™ืข ื ืคื• ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืฐื“ืกืง , ืื™ ืŸ ื“ืข ืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ึพืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืข ืคื• ืŸ ื‘ืฑืข ;

    • ื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทืœืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจืฅ
      Maltrail, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืคึผืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ื ืขืฅ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก (IPs ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธื•ืžื™ื™ื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืœื™ืกื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜) ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืึทื‘ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ ื‘ืœืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืคืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ;

    • ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื ืคืืœืŸ, ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืœืึธื’ืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืงืข ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืึทื–ื•ื” (ื’ืึธืคึผืœ ืคื•ืŸ Ossec ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื ื˜ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืœืง-ืกื˜ืึทืง);
  • ื ืขืฅ ืกืึทื‘ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื
    • ื“ื™ ืขื ืึท ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ื“ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ENAv2 (Elastic Network Adapter) ื ืขืฅ ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ืขืจื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืฆื• ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ EC2 ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืกืคึผื™ื“ื– ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 25 ื’ื‘ / s. NETMAP ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ena ืฉืึธืคืขืจ.
    • FreeBSD HEAD ืึทื“ืึทืคึผืฅ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข MMC / SD ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ, ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ CAM ืคืจื™ื™ืžื•ื•ืขืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืึทื•ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท SDIO (Secure Digital I/O) ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, SDIO ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืคื™ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืขื˜ืึธืึธื˜ื” ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืœืข ื‘ืึธืจื“ื–, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ Raspberry Pi 3. ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ื“ื™ CAM ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื™ืงืŸ SD ืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืจืึธืึทื“ืงืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืœื™ืก ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ FullMAC ืžืึธื“ืข (ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืขืก ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึท ืกื™ืžื‘ืึทืœืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ 802.11 ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืœื™ืก ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ);
    • ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ NFSv4.2 (RFC-7862) ืคึฟืึทืจ FreeBSD. ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹NFS ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ posix_fadvise, posix_fallocate ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื–, SEEKHOLE / SEEKDATA ืžืึธื“ืขืก ืื™ืŸ lseek ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื”ื™ื’ืข ืงืึทืคึผื™ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืึทืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืงืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ (ืึธืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜).

      FreeBSD ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื’ื™ื˜ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ LayoutError, IOAdvise, Allocate ืื•ืŸ Copy ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ lseek (SEEKHOLE / SEEKDATA) ืžื™ื˜ NFS. NFSv4.2 ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ FreeBSD 13;

  • ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ
    • ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืฆื• ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ FUSE (ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ืŸ USErspace) ืกืึทื‘ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืฉืืคืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ืื™ื– ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉื ืึทืœื™ ืกืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื“ ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทื•ื˜ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื›ึผื•ืœืœ ืคื™ืœืข ื‘ืึทื’ื–. ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืžืึทื“ืขืจื ืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ FUSE 7.23 ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ (ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 7.8, ืคืจื™ื™ 11 ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜), ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ("-o default_permissions"), ืจื•ืคื˜ ืฆื• VOP_MKNOD, VOP_BMAP ืื•ืŸ VOP_ADVLOCK ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื‘ืขืจืจื™ื™ึทืกืŸ FUSE ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื ื ื™ื™ืžื“ ืคึผื™ื™ืคึผืก ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ืงืก ืกืึทืงืึทืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืกืขืค, ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืงื•ื•ืขื•ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ / dev/fuse, ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึทืคึผื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืึทืจื’ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก ื“ื•ืจืš "mount -u", ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืงืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืกืคืก ื“ื•ืจืš NFS, ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ RLIMIT_FSIZE ืึทืงืึทื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื’, ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ FOPEN_KEEP_CACHE ืคืœืึทื’ืก ืื•ืŸ FUSE_ASYNC_READ, ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“;
    • ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ BIO_DELETE ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืกื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ืคึผืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ TRIM ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจื™ืžื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ืคื•ืŸ SSD ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ.
  • ื”ืึทืจื“ื•ื•ืึทืจืข ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ
    • ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ARM64 SoC Broadcom BCM5871X ืžื™ื˜ ARMv8 Cortex-A57 ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื–, ืึทื™ืžืขื“ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืึธื•ื˜ืขืจืก, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ. ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ืจื™ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง iProc PCIe ื‘ื•ืกืขืก ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ BNXT ืขื˜ื”ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜-ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ IPsec. ื™ื ื˜ืขื’ืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ HEAD ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจ;
    • ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ 64-ื‘ื™ืกืœ SoC NXP LS1046A ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ARMv8 Cortex-A72 ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื ืขืฅ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ, 10 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืขื˜ื”ืขืจื ืขื˜, PCIe 3.0, SATA 3.0 ืื•ืŸ ื•ืกื‘ 3.0. ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข (ืžื•ืœื˜ื™-ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ SMP) ืื•ืŸ SATA 3.0 ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“. ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ืกื‘ 3.0, ืกื“ / ืžืžืง ืื•ืŸ ื™2ืง ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทื ื– ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ื”ืขืจื ืขื˜, GPIO ืื•ืŸ QSPI. ืงืึทืžืคึผืœื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืœื•ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ HEAD ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 4 ืคืขืจื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ 2019.
    • ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ mlx5en ืื•ืŸ mlx5ib ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ Mellanox ConnectX-4 [Lx], ConnectX-5 [Ex], ืื•ืŸ ConnectX-6 [Dx] ืขื˜ื”ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ InfiniBand ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ืขืจื–. ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ Mellanox Socket Direct (ConnectX-6) ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ืขืจื–, ืึทืœืึทื•ื™ื ื’ ืึท ื˜ืจื•ืคึผื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 200 ื’ื‘ / s ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ PCIe Gen 3.0 ื•ื™ื˜ืึธื‘ื•ืก. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึทืœื˜ื™-ื”ืึทืจืฅ BlueField ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ RShim ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ื“ื™ mstflint ืคึผืขืงืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืึทื’ื ืึธืกื˜ื™ืง ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขืœืึทื ืึธืงืก ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ืขืจื– ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจืฅ;
  • ืึทืคึผืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื
    • ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืก ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜. ื“ื™ drm.ko (ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืจืขื ื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืžืึทื ืึทื’ืขืจ) ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื“ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก 5.0 ืงืขืจืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืžืขื ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจืฅ ื‘ื•ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ graphics/drm-devel-kmod. ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืงืคึผื™ ืคืจื™ื™ืžื•ื•ืขืจืง ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืงืขืจืŸ DRM API, FreeBSD CURRENT ืื™ื– ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ. ื“ื™ drm ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ vboxvideo.ko ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ VirtualBox ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ื’ืคึผื• ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื“ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก. ืžืขืกืึท ืคึผืขืงืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ 18.3.2 ืื•ืŸ ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ LLVM ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœ/ืœืœื•ื•ืž80 ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœ/ืœืœื•ื•ืž60.
    • ื“ื™ FreeBSD ืคึผืึธืจืฅ ื‘ื•ื™ื ื”ืื˜ ื™ืงืกื™ื“ื™ื“ 37000 ืคึผืึธืจืฅ, ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ืงืœืึธื•ื–ื“ ืคึผืจืก ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ 2146. ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ืจื™ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, 7837 ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 172 ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก. ื“ืจื™ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืกืึทืคึผืึทื ืฅ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงืึทืžื™ื˜ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ: MySQL 5.7, Python 3.6, Ruby 2.5, Samba 4.8, Julia 1.0, Firefox 68.0, Chromium 75.0.3770.100. ืึทืœืข Go ืคึผืึธืจืฅ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ "USES=go" ืคืึธืŸ. ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ "USES = cabal" ืคืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ Haskell ืงืึธื“. ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ ืžืึธื“ืข ืื™ื– ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“. ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืคึผื™ื˜ื”ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– 3.6 ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 2.7.
    • ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ nsysctl 1.0, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึธืคืคืขืจืก ืึทืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœืึธื’ ืฆื• /sbin/sysctl ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ื™ืฆื˜ libxo ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืึท ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื“ ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก. Nsysctl ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ Sysctl ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื“ ืคืึธืจืขื. ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ XML, JSON ืื•ืŸ HTML ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš;

ืžืงื•ืจ: opennet.ru

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’