ื ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ื™ืœ: ื ื™ื˜-ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก

ื ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ื™ืœ: ื ื™ื˜-ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก

ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืก ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง. ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืจืึทื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœืจื™, ืคื™ืœืข ืึทืกืคึผืขืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืกืกื™ืขื ืกืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื™ืึทืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ: ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืขื, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืจื™ื™ึทื–, ืึท ืงืจื™ื™ึทื–, ืึท ืงื•ื™ืœ, ืึท ืคึผื™ืœืงืข (ืึท ื’ืึทื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื ื™ื). ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคืขืจื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคึผืœืึทื ืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื–. ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึท ื•ื™ืกื ืขื ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื. ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ื•ืขืŸ (ื‘ืขืœื’ื™ืข) ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื’ืึธืœื“ ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก ืคืึธืจืขื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืกืคืขืจื™ืฉ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“ืึทืœ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื–. ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“ืก, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืคื“ืขืงื•ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ? ืžื™ืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก. ื’ื™ื™.

ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื™ืงืขืจ

ื“ื™ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ. ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื›ืขืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ืขืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ. ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึธื•ืงื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ืึทื ืกื™ื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ืกื™ื ื˜ืขื– ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ืฅ.

ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคืึธืœืงืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– Au20, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืึท ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ 20 ื’ืึธืœื“ ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก. ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืคึผื•ืœืึทืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ ืกืึทืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึทื”ืขื“ืจืึทืœ* ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ืœื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก HOMO-LUMO (HL) ื“ื•ืจืš ืจื™ืก (ืจื™ืก)*.

ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึทื”ืขื“ืจืึธืŸ* - ืึท ืคึผืึธืœื™ื”ืขื“ืจืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืจ ื˜ืจื™ืึทื ื’ืœืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ืข, ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึทื”ืขื“ืจืึธืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจื™ื™ืึทื ื’ื’ื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“.

ื”ืึธืžืึธ-ืœื•ืžืึธ ืจื™ืก (ืจื™ืก)* - HOMO ืื•ืŸ LUMO ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืœืขืงื•ืœืึทืจ ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– (ืึท ืžืึทื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื•ืึทืœื™ืข ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืœืึทืงื™ื•ืœ). HOMO ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžืึธืœืขืงื•ืœืึทืจ ืึธืจื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœ, ืื•ืŸ LUMO ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœืึธื•ืึทืกื˜ ืึทื ืึทืงื™ืึทืคึผื™ื™ื“ ืžืึธืœืขืงื•ืœืึทืจ ืึธืจื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœ. ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืœืขืงื•ืœืึทืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืึธื•ืึทืกื˜ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข. ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ืŸ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืึธื ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื”ืึธืžืึธ. ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืจ, LUMO ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืœืึธื•ืึทืกื˜ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืึธืจื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืžืึธ-ืœื•ืžืึธ ืจื™ืก.

ืคืึธื˜ืึธืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื•ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจืึทืกืงืึธืคึผื™ ืคื•ืŸ Au20 ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ HOMO-LUMO ืจื™ืก ืื™ื– 1.77 eV.

ืกื™ืžื•ืœืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื–ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข (ืึท ืžืขื˜ืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ) ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื˜ืฉื™ื•ื•ื“ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืš ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึทื”ืขื“ืจืึทืœ ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื“ ืกื™ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืข (ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึทื”ืขื“ืจืึทืœ ืกื™ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืข), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืกื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœ ื“ื–ืฉื™ืึทืžืึทื˜ืจื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ Au20 ืงื ื•ื™ืœ.

ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื– ืคืจื™ื™ึทืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ Au20 ื”ืื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื•ืžืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขืš ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก. ื‘ื™ื– ืึทื”ืขืจ, ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข ืกืงืึทื ื™ื ื’ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜, ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืคืึทืจืงืจื™ืžื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื‘ืกืขืจื•ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ: ืึท ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคืœืึทืงื˜ืฉื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Au20 ืื™ื– ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืึทืœ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ืื™ืŸ 5% ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ, ื“ื™ Au20 ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึทื”ืขื“ืจืึทืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื˜, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื™ืึทืžืึทื˜ืจื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื“ื™ืกืึธืจื“ืขืจื“. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึทื”ืขื“ืจืึทืœ ืึทื•20 ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืึทืžืึธืจืคืึทืก ื˜ืฉืึทื“ ืงืขืŸ ืงื•ื™ื ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคึฟืŸ XNUMX% ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ืขืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืจืขืฆืขื ื–ื™ืข ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜, ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึท ืžืขืจ ืžื™ืœื“ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ Au20, ื ื™ื™ืžืœื™ ืกืงืึทื ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื ื’ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผื™ (STM) ืื•ืŸ ืกืงืึทื ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื ื’ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผื™ (STS). ื“ื™ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื‘ืกืขืจื•ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ Au20 ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทื˜ื”ื™ืŸ ื ืึทืงืœ ืคื™ืœืžืก. STM ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืึทื ื’ื’ื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืกื™ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“ืึทืœ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ, ืื•ืŸ STS ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ HOMO-LUMO ืจื™ืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ 2.0 eV.

ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’

ื“ื™ ื ืึทืงืœ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืึทื• (111) ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื›ืขืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืจืข ื“ืขืคึผืึทื–ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ 800 ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกื˜ื ืงืึทืžืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ-ื”ื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืึทืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื ืึธื™ื.

Au20 ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ื™ื™ืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืžืึทื’ื ื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืกืคึผื•ื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืกืขื˜ืึทืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงื•ื•ืึทื“ืจื•ืคึผืึธืœืข ืžืึทืกืข ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืึทื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืžืงื•ืจ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืžืึธื“ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ืจืึธื›ืฆืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืืคื•ื™ืœืŸ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทื“ืจื•ืคึผืึธืœืข ืžืึทืกืข ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ. ืกืขืœืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึทืคึผืึทื–ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืึทื ื˜ื• ืึท NaCl / Au (111) ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง-ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ืขืคึผืึทื–ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ื™ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืคืœืึทืงืก ืื™ื– 30 ืคึผืึท (ืคึผื™ืงืึธืึทืžืคึผืก) ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืคึผืึทื–ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 9 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ืขืคึผืึทื–ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 1 NA (ื ืึทื ืึธืึทืžืคึผืก) ืื•ืŸ 15 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 10-9 ืžื‘ืึทืจ.

ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ

ืžืึทืกืข-ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื ื™ืึธื ื™ืง Au20 ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึทืคึผืึทื–ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ืœื˜ืจืึทื˜ื”ื™ืŸ ื ืึทืงืœ ืื™ื ื–ืœืขืŸ, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ 2 ืœ, 3 ืœ ืื•ืŸ 4 ืœ (ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก).

ื ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ื™ืœ: ื ื™ื˜-ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก
ื‘ื™ืœื“ #1

ืื•ื™ืฃ 1A ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ื ืึทืงืœ ื”ืื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ึท ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก, ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืงืœืขื ืขืจืขืจ ืฉื˜ื—, ืื•ืŸ 5 ืœ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ืึทืงืœื™ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ.

ืึทื•20 ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™- ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ-ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ 2 ืœ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– Au20 ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš 2 ืœ ื ืึทืงืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ 3 ืœ ืื•ืŸ 4 ืœ ื ืึทืงืœ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš. ื‘ื™ื™ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ืงืึธื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 200 X 200 ื ื, ืคึฟื•ืŸ 0 ืฆื• 4 ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Au20 ืึทื’ื’ืœืึธืžืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ (ืึทืงื™ื•ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ).

ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ื”ื•ื™ืš ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ 4L NaCl ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกืงืึทื ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื™ืŸ Au20 ืื•ื™ืฃ 4L NaCl, ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืื•ื™ืฃ 3L NaCl.

ื ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ื™ืœ: ื ื™ื˜-ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก
ื‘ื™ืœื“ #2

ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ 3 ืœ ื ืึทืงืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš ืื™ื– 0.88 ยฑ 0.12 ื ื. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื”ืขืกืงืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืจืขื“ื™ืงื˜ืขื“ ืึท ื”ื™ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ 0.94 ยฑ 0.01 ื ื (2A). ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจื™ื™ืึทื ื’ื’ื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืคืึธืจืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืจื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ืึทื˜ืึธื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืงืึทื ืคืขืจืžื– ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“ืึทืœ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื•20 ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ (2B).

ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื’ืึธืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™-ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ Au20 ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื–, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื™ื ืึทืงื™ืขืจืึทืกื™ื–. ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ (ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื™ืึทืžืขื˜ืจื™ืง ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’), ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึทืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืœื™ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืฉืึทืจืฃ ืงืœ-ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ. ื ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“ืึทืœ ืคืึธืจืขื ืื™ื– ื™ื™ื“ืขื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– (ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืกื•ื• ะธ ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืกืก), ื“ืจื™ื™-ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1D ะธ 1E, ืจื™ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™.

ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืึทื ื’ื’ื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืคืึธืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ืึทืคึผืึทื–ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืึท ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“ืึทืœ ืคืึธืจืขื, STM ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ (ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืกื•ื• ะธ ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืกืก) ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื™ืžืขืกื“ื™ืง ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึทื”ืขื“ืจืึทืœ ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื–. ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธื˜ืึธ ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืกื•ื• ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 78ยฐ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– 30% ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 60 ยฐ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืŸ ื™ื“ืขืึทืœ ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึทื”ืขื“ืจืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื“ ืกื™ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืข.

ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื. ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ืึทืงื™ืขืจืึทืกื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผ ื ืึธื“ืœ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืงืจื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื™ื– ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ Au20. ื•ื•ืขืŸ Au20 ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืžื™ื˜ Td ืกื™ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืข ืœืึทื ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงื•ื•ืึทื“ืจืึทื˜ NaCl ืœืึทื˜ืึทืก, ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืข ืžื™ืกืžืึทื˜ืฉ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจืฅ ื“ื™ ื™ื“ืขืึทืœ ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึทื”ืขื“ืจืึทืœ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ Au20.

ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื–ืึท ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธื•ื˜ืึทื’ืจืึทืคืก, ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืจื™ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืขื“ Au20 ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื– ืื•ื™ืฃ NaCl. ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืึทืจืงืจื™ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื“ืขืึทืœ ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึทื”ืขื“ืจืึทืœ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื“ ืกื™ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื• 0.45. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืึทืงื™ืขืจืึทืกื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืคึผืึทื–ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืึทื ื˜ื• ื“ื™ ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ / ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™.

ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทืคึผืึทื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“ืึทืœ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Au20 ืงื ื•ื™ืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ืคืขืจืœื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก HL ืจื™ืก (ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 1.8 eV) ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข Au20. ื™ืกืึธืžืขืจืก* ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข (ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ 0.5 eV).

ื™ืกืึธืžืขืจืก* - ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ื™ืงืึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ื–ืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธืœืขืงื•ืœืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธื’, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก.

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ื“ืึทืคึผืึทื–ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืกืงืึทื ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื ื’ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจืึทืกืงืึธืคึผื™ (1F) ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœ ืงืึทื ื“ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจื•ื (ื“ื™ / ื“ื•ื•) ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Au20 ืงื ื•ื™ืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืจื™ืก (ืœืžืฉืœ) ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื• 3.1 eV.

ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืฉืคึผืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ื ืกืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื ืึทืงืœ ืคื™ืœืžืก, ืึท ื˜ืึธืคึผืœ-ื‘ืึทืจื™ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื ืขืœ ืงื ื•ืคึผ (DBTJ) ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ-ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื ื’ ื™ืคืขืงืฅ. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืึทื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ / ื“ื•ื• ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจื•ื ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืœืึธืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื•ื ื”ืœ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืึทื˜ื™ (EHL) ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืืกื™ืฉืข Coulomb ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข (ืขืง). ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจื•ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 2.4 ืฆื• 3.1 eV ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– (1F). ื“ื™ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ HL ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื– (1.8 eV) ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื•20 ื’ืึทื– ืคืึทืกืข.

ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืื™ื– ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื–ื™ืš (ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื ืึธื“ืœ ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ). ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ืก ื’ืขืžืืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ / ื“ื•ื• ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจืึท ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 3.1 eV. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ืงืึทืคึผืึทืกืึทื˜ืึทื ืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื• (111) ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜.

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ HL ืจืึทืคึผื˜ืฉืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ Au20 ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ 3 ืœ ื ืึทืงืœ.

ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง 2C ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื™ืกื‘ื™ื™ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืึทื–-ืคืึทืกืข Au20 ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึทื”ืขื“ืจืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก HL ืจื™ืก ืื™ื– 1.78 eV. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ 3L NaCl / Au (111), ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจืฉืึทื ื– ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ HL ืจื™ืก ื“ื™ืงืจื™ืกืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ 1.73 ืฆื• 1.51 eV, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ HL ืจื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ 2.0 eV ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืžืขื ืึทืœ ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ืฅ.

ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– Au20 ื™ืกืึธืžืขืจื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึท Cs-ืกื™ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืง ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท HL ืจื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 0.688 eV, ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืžืึธืจืคืึทืก ืกื™ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืข - 0.93 eV. ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื‘ื–ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ืฅ, ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืกืงื ื ืึทื– ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืจื™ืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื ืึธื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ืจืึทื”ืขื“ืจืึทืœ ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“ืึทืœ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ.

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ-ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืขืจ Au3 (ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜) ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึทืคึผืึทื–ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ 111L NaCl / Au (20) ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜.

ื ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ื™ืœ: ื ื™ื˜-ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก
ื‘ื™ืœื“ #3

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ 3A ืึท ื˜ืึธืคึผืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืกื˜ื ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึทื“ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ. ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 100 ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืงืึทื ื™ื ื’ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ (100 nm x 30 nm). ื“ื™ ืกื™ื–ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืื•ื™ืฃ 3 ืœ ื ืึทืงืœ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกื™ื–ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื–. ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืคื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื’ื’ืœืึธืžืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ (ืงืœืึทืžืคึผื™ื ื’) ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ.

ื“ื™ ืึทืงื™ื•ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ึผืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืžื–: ืึธืกื˜ื•ื•ืึทืœื“ ืจื™ื™ืคึผืึทื ื™ื ื’ (ืจืขืงืึทื ื“ืึทื ืกื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ) ืื•ืŸ ืกืžืึธืœื•ื˜ืฉืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืจื™ื™ืคึผืึทื ื™ื ื’ (ื™ื ืœืึทืจื“ื–ืฉืžืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื–ืœืขืŸ). ืื™ ืŸ ืคืืœ , ืคื• ืŸ ืืกื˜ืฐืืœ ื“ ืจืฒืค ืŸ , ืฐืืงืก ืŸ ื’ืจืขืืขืจ ืข ืงื ื•ืžืข ืŸ ืื•ื™ ืฃ ื“ืข ืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืŸ ืคื• ืŸ ืงืœืขื ืขืจืข , ืฐืข ืŸ ืื˜ืืžืข ืŸ ืคื• ืŸ ื“ ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ ืข ืฐืขืจ ืŸ ืคื• ืŸ ื– ืฒ ืฆืขื˜ืฒืœ ื˜ ืื• ืŸ ื–ื™ ืš ืฆืขืฉืคืจืฒ ื˜ ืื™ ืŸ ื“ ื™ ืืจื•ืžื™ืงืข . ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืกืžืึธืœื•ื˜ืฉืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืจื™ื™ืคึผืึทื ื™ื ื’, ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืึทืœื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื’ื’ืœืึธืžืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื–. ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืคึผืึทื ื™ื ื’ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜: ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืกื˜ื•ื•ืึทืœื“ ืจื™ื™ืคึผืึทื ื™ื ื’, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืกื™ื–ืขืก ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืžืึธืœื•ื˜ืฉืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืจื™ื™ืคึผืึทื ื™ื ื’, ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜.

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉืึทืจืฅ ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืกื•ื• ะธ ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืกืก ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 300 ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ื™.ืข. ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ื›ื™ื™ืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ึท ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืึธื ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ (ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืกืก): 0.85, 1.10 ืื•ืŸ 1.33 ื ื.

ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืกื•ื•, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืึธืจืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ. ื“ื™ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืžืึธืœื•ื˜ืฉืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืžืึทื˜ืฉื•ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ืงืึธืจืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื“ืขืคึผืึทื–ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ืื–ื•ื™, ืึท ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ื™ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ 0.85 ื ื ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ื™ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ 0.88 ื ื ืื™ืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืกื™ื™ื ื“ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ Au20, ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข (1.10 nm) ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ (1.33 nm) ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืกื™ื™ื ื“ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก Au40 ืื•ืŸ Au60, ืจื™ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™.

ื ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ื™ืœ: ื ื™ื˜-ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก
ื‘ื™ืœื“ #4

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ 4A ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืงืึทื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื–, ื“ื™ ื“ื™ / ื“ื•ื• ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจืึท ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืกื•ื•.

ื•ื•ืขืŸ Au20 ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืจื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจื•ื, ื“ื™ / ื“ื•ื• ื“ื™ืงืจื™ืกืึทื–. ืื–ื•ื™, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืึทื˜ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ: Au20โ€”3.0 eV, Au40โ€”2.0 eV, ืื•ืŸ Au60โ€”1.2 eV. ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืึทืคึผืึทื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก, ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื’ื™ื•ื“ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขืึธืžืขื˜ืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืึทื’ื’ืœืึธืžืขืจืึทืฅ ืื™ื– ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืกืคืขืจื™ืฉ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื‘ืงื™ื™ึทืœืขืš.

ืฆื• ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืขืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื‘ืงื™ื™ึทืœืขืš ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื–, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ Ns = [(ื” / 2) / ืจ] 3 ืื•ืŸ Nh = 1/2 (ื” / ืจ) 3, ื•ื•ื• h ะธ r ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื™ื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื• ืึทื˜ืึธื. ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Wigner-Seitz ืจืึทื“ื™ื•ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ ืึทื˜ืึธื (ืจ = 0.159 ื ื), ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืกืคืขืจื™ืฉ ืึทืคึผืจืึทืงืกืึทืžื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข (Au40) - 41 ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก, ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข (Au60) - 68 ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืœื‘ืงื™ื™ึทืœืขืš ืึทืคึผืจืึทืงืกืึทืžื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ื™ ืขืกื˜ื™ืžืึทื˜ืขื“ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก 166 ืื•ืŸ 273 ืื™ื– ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ Au40 ืื•ืŸ Au60 ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคืขืจื™ืฉ ืึทืคึผืจืึทืงืกืึทืžื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ื–ืฉื™ืึทืžืึทื˜ืจื™ ืคื•ืŸ Au40 ืื•ืŸ Au60 ืื™ื– ืกืคืขืจื™ืฉ ืืœื ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืขืžื™ืกืคืขืจื™ืฉ.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืš ืจืขืงืึธืžืขื ื“ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ะธ ื ืึธืš ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก ืฆื• ืื™ื.

ืขืคึผื™ืœืึธื’

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ ืกืงืึทื ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื ื’ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผื™ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผื™, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื–ืฉื™ืึทืžืึทื˜ืจื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืึทื•20 ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ื“ืึทืคึผืึทื–ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท 3 ืœ ื ืึทืงืœ / ืึทื• (111) ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื– ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื’ืึทื–-ืคืึทืกืข ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“ืึทืœ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื”ืœ ืจื™ืก. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ึผืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืื™ื– ืกืžืึธืœื•ื˜ืฉืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืžืึทื˜ืฉื•ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื“ืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’. ื‘ื™ื– ืึทื”ืขืจ, ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข ืกืงืึทื ื™ื ื’ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ืขืก, ืคืึทืจืงืจื™ืžื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ื–ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ.

ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืื›ืŸ, ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื– ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ืขืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืงืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ืกืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก. ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ, ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืกืขืœื– ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉืึทื“ ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื–ื™ืš, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ.

ื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ, ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ืึธืš ื’ื™ื™ื–. ๐Ÿ™‚

ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทื“ืก ๐Ÿ™‚

ื“ืื ืง ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–. ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ? ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜? ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืึท ืกื“ืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืคืจืขื ื“ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ื•ื•ืคึผืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ $ 4.99, ืึท ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืึทื ืึทืœืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ: ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืืžืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ VPS (KVM) E5-2697 v3 (6 ืงืึธืจืขืก) 10GB DDR4 480GB SSD 1Gbps ืคึฟื•ืŸ $19 ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืึท ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ? (ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืžื™ื˜ RAID1 ืื•ืŸ RAID10, ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 24 ืงืึธืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 40GB DDR4).

Dell R730xd 2 ืžืืœ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ ืื™ืŸ Equinix Tier IV ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืžืกื˜ืขืจื“ืื? ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธ 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TV ืคึฟื•ืŸ $199 ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื˜ื”ืขืจืœืึทื ื“ืก! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - ืคึฟื•ืŸ $99! ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธืจืคึผ. ืงืœืึทืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 9000 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคึผืขื ื™?

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš ื”ืึธืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ DDoS ืฉื•ืฅ, VPS VDS ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ๐Ÿ”ฅ ืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืขืกืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขื‘ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ DDoS ืฉื•ืฅ, VPS VDS ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก | ProHoster