ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื–ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ USA ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ: ื“ื™ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื™ ืžืึธืฉ

ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื•. ืขืก. ืกื˜ืขื™ื˜ ื“ืขืคึผืึทืจื˜ืžืขื ื˜, ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืคื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื•.

ื•ื•ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธืจื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื, ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ืคื™ื•ื–ืึทืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜:

  • ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœืึทืจื•ืก ื“ืขื ืฆื™ืคืขืจ ืื™ื– 21,93%;
  • ืคื•ื™ืœืŸ โ€“ 2,76%;
  • ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ โ€“ 15,19%;
  • ืกืœืึธื•ื•ืึทืงื™ืึท - 11,99%;
  • ืจื•ืžืขื ื™ืข - 9,11%;
  • ืื•ื ื’ืืจืŸ โ€“ 8,85%,
  • ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœื“ืึธื•ื•ืึท, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืึธืคื˜ - ืื™ืŸ 58,03% ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืกืขืก.
  • ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ืงืจื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ - 45.06%

ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืึท ื•ื•ืขื‘ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœ, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ืคื™ื•ื–ืึทืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืึทื– ืฆื• ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืก ืื™ื– ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 63%.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื›ื“ืื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ ืึทื– ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื–ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ื’ืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ืžืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื™ื ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืขืจื– ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื? โ€” ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื™ ืžืึธืฉ, ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืคึฟืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืžื™ื’ืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ, ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืคื™ืจืžืข

ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜: ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ื ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืืจืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืกืืš ืื™ืžื™ื’ืจืื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคืืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื™ื’ืข ื•ื•ื™ื–ืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“. ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ IT ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžืœืขื’ืืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืื™ื™ื ื™ื’ื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืฉืขืช ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื ื•ื•ืขื–ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ื ืื›ืŸ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืึธืŸ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืžื‘ืึทืกืึทื“ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ืข ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง. ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก: ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึทื‘ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื“ื•ืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื–ืข ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจืขื–ื™ื“ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืขืจ.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื™ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืึทืžืขืจื™ืงืึทื ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื˜ืืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื–ืึธืจื’ื˜ ืึทื– ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืึทื ื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืœื™ื™ื›ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ืึธืงื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืื•ื™ืคืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืžื™ื’ืจืึทื ื˜ืŸ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืก ื‘ืื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ื–ืข ื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ (ืื™ืŸ 99,9% ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืกืขืก) ืฆื• ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืึทืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 6 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืึทืŸ ืื™ืžื™ื’ืจืึทื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ื•ืจื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืข ืžืึทื ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš: ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ืึท ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ (ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื•ืžืœืขื’ืึทืœ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ื™ื•. . ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืžื™ื’ืจืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื“ื•ื•ืึธืงืึทื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืข, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืึทืœื™ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืžืขืจื™ืงืข.

ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืื™ื™ื ื™ื’ื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืืœื˜ ื ืคื™ืœื™ื›ืขืจ ืจืขืืงืฆื™ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืื’ืจืขื ื™ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืขืก ืคืืจ ื˜ื•ืจื™ืกื˜ ืจื™ื™ื–ืข ืฆื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืื›ืŸ, ืื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืืŸ ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข ื‘ื™ื– ื–ืขืงืก ืžืื ืื˜ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคื™ืœ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ื–ื™ืคึผื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืก ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืข ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื“ื•ืจ, ื“ื™ ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึทืงืึทืฆื™ืข.

ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื™ื•. ืขืก. ื•ื•ื™ื–ืข?

ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง, ื™ื•. ืขืก. ื•ื•ื™ื–ืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืก ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ืึธืคื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ืขืžื‘ืึทืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื™.ื™ื•. ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืกื˜ืฉืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืข, ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืžืกืชึผืžื ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื•. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืึทืžืขืจื™ืงืึทื ืขืจ ืึทืžื‘ืึทืกืึทื“ืข ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืจืฉืข.

ืื•ื™ืš, ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื•, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืื ื“ืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืึทื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืงื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ (ืœืคึผื—ื•ืช).

ืื•ืŸ, ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ื ื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœื™ืง ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ USA. ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ืึท ื•ื•ืึทืงืึทืฆื™ืข, ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื“ ืฆื• ืึท ื—ืชื•ื ื”, ืืื–"ื• ื•.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’