ื ืžืขืจ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ืคึผืจืขืคื™ืงืกื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ SHA-1 ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜.

ืจืขืกืขืึทืจื˜ืฉืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉ ื ืึทืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ (INRIA) ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทื ื™ืึทื ื’ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ (ืกื™ื ื’ืึทืคึผืึธืจ) ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืื ืคืืœืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ SHA-1 ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืคื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข SHA-1 ื”ืึทืฉืขืก. ื“ื™ ืขืกืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ืคื•ืœ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ SHA-1 ืฆื• ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคึผืจืขืคื™ืงืก, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึท ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ืึทืงืขืจื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืคื™ืงืกื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืจืึทื’ืึทืจื“ืœืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึผืจืขื“ืขืคื™ื ืขื“ ืคึผืจืขืคื™ืงืกืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฆื• ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื• ืึท ืจื’ืข, ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ SHA-1 ื”ืึทืฉืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข.

ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ื ืึธืš ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคึผืจืขืคื™ืงืกื™ื– ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงืึทืœื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื”ืขื›ืขืจ. ื›ื•ื•ืขืจืึทื– ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืกื˜ืึทืกื˜ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ืคึผืจืขืคื™ืงืกื™ื– ืื™ืŸ SHA-1 ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ 277.1 ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืจืึทื“ื•ืกืึทื– ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฆื• ืึท ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 266.9 ืฆื• 269.4. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’, ื“ื™ ืขืกื˜ื™ืžืึทื˜ืขื“ ืงืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืœืœืึทืจืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืงืึธืจืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš, ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 264.7 ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–.

ะ’ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื“ืขืžืึทื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– Google ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคึผื“ืฃ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ SHA-1 ื”ืึทืฉ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจื™ืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื– ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ื™ืกืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืข, ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจืจื•ืง ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ืึทืงืขืจื–. ืžื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืงืึธืก (Google ืคืืจื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ 1 ื’ืคึผื•ืก ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ SHA-110 ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก), ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืึท SHA-1 ื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืึทืจื™ืฉ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ TLS ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื“ืึธื•ืžื™ื™ื ื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข SHA-1 ื”ืึทืฉืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืึทืŸ ืึทื ืกืงืจื•ืคึผื™ืึทืœืึทืก ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ื›ืกื™ืžืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื™ืงื˜ื™ืฉืึทืก ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืึทืจื™ืฉ ื“ืึธื•ืžื™ื™ื ื–. ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืงืึธืžืคึผืจืึธืžื™ืก ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ื  ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ืึทื•ื•ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ TLS, SSH ืื•ืŸ IPsec.

ื“ื™ ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคึผืจืขืคื™ืงืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทืœื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื– ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื’ืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ื“ื•ืจืš ืขืžื‘ืขื“ื“ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืจืึทืค ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื‘ืึทืœื– ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืขื“ืขืคื™ื ืขื“ ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ื‘ื™ื ืข, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก, ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืงืึทืœื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื–, ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืื ืขืœืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ืื ืคืืœืŸ.

ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ SHA-1 ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ 2005, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 2017, SHA-1 ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– (TLS 1.2, Git, ืืื–"ื• ื•). ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืœื™ื ื’ ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœื“ื™ืง ื•ืคื”ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ SHA-1, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทื˜ืฉืขืจื–.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืง ืกื™ืคืขืจืก SIMON-32/64, ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ US NSA ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืื™ืŸ 2018 ISO/IEC 29167-21:2018.
ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกืขืจื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืึท ืžืขื˜ืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืึท ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืคึผืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ืคืขืจื˜ืขืงืกื˜. ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ, ืกืึทืœืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ื ืขืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉืขื” ืฆื• ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขื’. ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืงื•ืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืกื˜ื™ืžืึทื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• 0.25, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืคึผ ืื™ื– 0.025.

ืžืงื•ืจ: opennet.ru

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’