ืกื˜ืจื™ืžืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืง ื”ืขืคื˜

ื•ื•ืึทืกื™ืึท ืคึผื•ืคึผืงื™ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืฒึทืœ: ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืง-ื”ืขืคื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช. ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืกื™ืึท ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื: ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืก. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ืงืจืข. ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืึทื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ื•ื•ืึทืกื™ืึท, ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง, ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืกื™ืึท ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืžืึทืš ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ ื”ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง.

ืกื˜ืจื™ืžืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืง ื”ืขืคื˜

ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข? ืึธื”, ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืกืคึผืจืขื“ื– ... ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื™ื ืกื™ื“ื™ืึทืก ื”ืขืคื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืคึผืฅ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ.

ื•ื•ืึธืงืึทื‘ื•ืœืึทืจื™

Sheet - ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ.
ื‘ืœืึทื˜ - ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึทื˜.
ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ โ€” ื‘ืืฉื˜ืฒ ื˜ ืคื• ืŸ ืฆืฐ ืฒ ื–ืฒื˜ ืŸ ืœื™ื’ ืŸ ืคืืจ ืŸ ื“ ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ , ืฐืขืœื› ืข ื‘ืืœืื ื’ ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืข ืจ ืฆ ื• ื–ืฒ ืŸ ืืฒื’ืขื ืข ื ืฉืฒื˜ ืŸ (ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืข ืจ ืงืขื ืข ืŸ ืžื™ ืจ ืื•ื™ ืš ื–ืื’ืŸ , ื ื– ื“ ื™ ืคืืจืฉืคืจืฒ ื˜ ืื™ ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ืื ืข ืŸ ืคื• ืŸ ืฆืฐ ืฒ ืฉืฒื˜ืœืขืš ).
ืงืขืจ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜ - ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืขืก, ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืขืก ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ.
ืคืœื™ืคึผ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืœื™ื ืงืก - ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื–ืึทืš, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืจืึธื•ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“.

ืึทืœืข ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื ื“. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜.

ืคึผืจื™ืงืึทื ื“ื™ืฉืึทื ื–

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืกืึทืžืคึผืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ: ื•ื•ืึทืกื™ืึท ืคึผื•ืคึผืงื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืจื“ืึทืกื“ื™ืง ืชึผืœืžื™ื“, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขืคื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืกื™ืึท ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜, ื ืขืžื˜ ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ืฉื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขืคื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื ื’ืก ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืžื™ืฉื  ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ. ืื•ื™ืš, ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืกื™ืึท ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทืจื“ืึทืกื“ื™ืง ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ (ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืขืงืœืขืŸ).

ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ

ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ืœื™ืš ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืฆื• ืจืขื›ื˜ืก. ืื•ืŸ ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืคึผืึธืœืข ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืึทืคึผืึธืœืข, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืึทืคึผืึธืœืข ืขื ื“ืก, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืžืึทืคึผืึธืœืข (ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜). ืกื›ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ, ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืคึผื™ืงื˜ื™ื“ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜:

ืกื˜ืจื™ืžืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืง ื”ืขืคื˜

ื“ืึธ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืคื™ื™ึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืžืึทืคึผืึธืœืข ืฆื• ืจืขื›ื˜ืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืคื™ื™ึทืœ ืงืขืจ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜.

ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ

ื“ืึธ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข ืจืขืคืœืขืงื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืื™ื– ืจืึทืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’.

ื“ืึธืš, ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ ืึทื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ัั‚ั€ะฐะฝะธั†ะฐ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข, ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืฉืึทืงื™ื ื’ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ัั‚ั€ะฐะฝะธั†ะฐ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื™ื‘ืขืจืจื™ื™ึทืกืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง. ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื™ืžืคึผืึธื•ื–ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜.

1.0 ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข

ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ: ืœืืžื™ืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ื’ืข ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืžืึทืคึผืึธืœืข. ืื–ื•ื™, ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืคึฟื™ืœื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืึทืคึผืึธืœืข. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉื™ืฅ, ื• ืฐ ืžื™ ืจ ืฉืจืฒื‘ ืŸ ื ื ืจ ืื•ื™ ืฃ ืืฒ ืŸ ื–ืฒ ื˜ ืคื• ืŸ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืฉื™ืฅ.

ืงืึธื ืก: ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ. ืžื™ ืจ ื”ืื‘ ืŸ ื’ืขืงืขื  ื˜ ืฉืจืฒื‘ ืŸ ืฆืฐ ืฒ ืžื ืœ ืื–ื• ื™ ืžื™ ื˜ ื“ืข ืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืข ืจ ืžืื› ื˜ ืคืืคื™ืจ

1.1 ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข

ื–ืืœ ืก ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ 1.0. ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ. ืื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืžื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืฉื™ืฅ, ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ (ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืข ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืึทืคึผืึธืœืข, ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœื’ืขื‘ืจืึท ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก)

ืงืึธื ืก: ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืึธืœื™ื“ื™ื˜ื™, ื“.ื”. ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืžืื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืง ืœืขืงืฆื™ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืœืึทืกืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืึทืœื’ืขื‘ืจืึท (ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืขืงืกืึทื ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขื‘ืจืึท ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื™ืฆื˜! ืื”ื”). ื ื•, ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื™ืงื•ื•ืึทืœ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขื‘ืจืึท ืื•ืŸ ืžืื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืง, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึท ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ.

2.0 ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข

ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜. ื–ืืœ ืก ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื•-ื˜ื•ืจื ืก: ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ื  ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ืขืก ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืคึผืึธืœืข? ื™ืขื ืข. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•-ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืฆื• ืจืขื›ื˜ืก, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืœื™ื ืงืก, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืฆื• ืจืขื›ื˜ ... ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืกืึทื˜ื™ืกืคื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“.

ืกื˜ืจื™ืžืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืง ื”ืขืคื˜

ืงืึธื ืก: ืฆืขื‘ืจืื›ืŸ ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจื™ื˜ื™ ("ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืึทื–"). ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ืžื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื. ืžื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื•-ื“ืจื™ื™. ืขื ื“ืœื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืืžืืœ ืžืื›ืŸ ื ื˜ืขื•ืช (ืื•ืŸ ื“ืืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืืกื™ืจืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืจืขื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืืžืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื•-ื˜ื•ืจื ืก).

2.1 ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข

ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ? ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืžืึทืฅ ืžืึทืคึผืึธืœืข ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก? ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ.

ืกื˜ืจื™ืžืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืง ื”ืขืคื˜

ื”ืžืžืž. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืึทืงืฉืœื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜! ืืฒึทืขืจ ืึทื ื™ื•ื•ืขืกื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืงื ืขื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘.

ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืกืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืง: ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืกืงืึทื ื“ / ืคืึธื•ื˜ืึทื’ืจืึทืคื˜ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืฉื™ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื’ืขื ืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ. ืฆื•ืž ื’ืœื™ืง ืžื™ืจ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ (ื–ืขืŸ ืคึผืจื™ืงืึทื ื“ื™ืฉืึทื ื–) ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืš ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื ื•ืก ืึท ืžื™ื ื•ืก, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึทื– ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ืžื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ. ืจืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœื–, ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจื™ื˜ื™, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืง: ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืคึผืึธืœืข, ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ. ื™ืขื ืข. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 4 ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ... ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ, ืกืงืจืึธืœืœื™ื ื’ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’?

ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ (ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 2.2)

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ื ืจืืฆื™ืื ืืœ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก, ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ืš ืคื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืขืŸ.

ืกื˜ืจื™ืžืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืง ื”ืขืคื˜

ื“ืึธ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื™ ืึทืจืึธื•ื– ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก. ื™ืขื ืข. ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืฆื• ืจืขื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ืคึผื™ื ื’ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš.

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืึทืงืขืจื–, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื‘ืœืึทื˜, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืคึผืึธืœืข ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืึธืก ื ืขื‘ืขืš ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื•-ื˜ื•ืจื ืก, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ืžืึทืคึผืึธืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื ืงืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึทืคึผืึธืœืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ัั‚ั€ะฐะฝะธั†ะฐ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืžืึทืคึผืึธืœืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืขืก ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขื–ืฉืขืจื“ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข.

ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืง, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ืกืึทื“ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ; ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 2.1, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื’ื•ื˜: ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื›ืึธืฉืขื“ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืœื™ืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ืขื ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืง ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืึทืจืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธืœ.

ืกืึธืฃ

โ€• ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืฆื˜? ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ?
- ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื‘ืึทืจื“ืึทืกื“ื™ืง ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื™ืึธ! ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืึทื“ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืคึฟืŸ (ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื ื•ืฅ.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’