ืคึผืจืึธื”ืึธืกื˜ืขืจ > ื‘ืœืึธื’ > ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื ื™ื™ึทืขืก > Debian 10 "Buster" ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’

Debian 10 "Buster" ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’

ื ืึธืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคืืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ GNU / ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก 10.0 (ื‘ื•ืกื˜ืขืจ), ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฆืขืŸ ืึทืคื™ืฉืึทืœื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจื–: Intel IA-32/x86 (i686), AMD64 / x86-64, ARM EABI (armel), 64-bit ARM (arm64), ARMv7 (armhf), MIPS (mips, mipsel, mips64el), PowerPC 64 (ppc64el) ืื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื– (ืก390ืงืก). ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ 10 ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขืœืขืึทืกืขื“ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึท ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 5 ื™ืึธืจ.

ื“ื™ ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ื›ึผื•ืœืœ 57703 ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจื™ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 6 ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ 9. ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืฆื• ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ 9, 13370 ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจื™ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜, 7278 (13%) ืคืึทืจืขืœื˜ืขืจื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืœืื–ืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, 35532 (62 %) ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜. ืคึฟืึทืจ 91.5% ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื™ืคึผื™ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข ื˜ืขืงืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืžืงื•ืจ ืงืึธื•ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทื˜ืึทืงื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืงืžืึทืจืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจ .

ืคืึทืจ ื“ืึทื•ื ืœืึธื•ื“ื– ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื DVD ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื•ื ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื“ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ, ื“ื–ืฉื™ื’ื“ืึธ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื˜ืึธืจืจืขื ื˜... ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ืึทืคื™ืฉืึทืœ ื ื™ื˜-ืคืจื™ื™ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืคื™ืจืžื•ื•ืึทืจืข. ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืžื“64 ืื•ืŸ ื™386 ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจื– ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื•ืกื‘, ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืื™ืŸ GNOME, KDE ืื•ืŸ Xfce ืคืœื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจื–, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท Multi-arch DVD ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึทืžื“64 ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ i386 ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ. ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื•ื ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื“ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ (ื ืขื˜ื‘ืึธืึธื˜) ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื“ ืงืึทืจื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ 16 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ืกื‘ ืคืœืึทืฉ;

ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ 10.0:

  • ื™ืžืคึผืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืขื“ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ UEFI Secure Boot, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืœืึธื•ื“ืขืจ, ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ื›ืกื™ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžื™ื™ืงืจืึธืกืึธืคึฟื˜ (ืฉื™ื-ื’ืขื—ืชืžืขื˜), ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื‘ ืงืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืœืึธื•ื“ืขืจ (ื’ืจื•ื‘-ืขืคื™-ืึทืžื“64-ื’ืขื—ืชืžืขื˜) ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืก ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ. ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ (ืฉื™ื ืืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ). ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื-ื’ืขื—ืชืžืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ grub-efi-ARCH-ื’ืขื—ืชืžืขื˜ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ amd64, i386 ืื•ืŸ arm64. ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืึธื˜ืœืึธืึทื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื‘, ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ EFI ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ amd64, i386 ืื•ืŸ arm64. ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืจื•ืคืŸ ืึทื– ืกืขืงื•ืจืข ื‘ืึธืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื– ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ 9, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึผืึธื•ืกื˜ืคึผืึธื•ื ื“ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’;
  • ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืžืึธืจ ืžืึทื ื“ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ (ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ, ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ, ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืžืึทืคึผืข ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ, ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืงืข ืฉืœืึธืก, ืืื–"ื• ื•) ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ. ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ื ืขืฅ ืึทืงืกืขืก (ืœืžืฉืœ, ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ICMP) ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ POSIX ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–. ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ AppArmor ืื•ืŸ SELinux ืื™ื– ืึทื– SELinux ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืึทื‘ืขืœืก ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ, ื‘ืฉืขืช AppArmor ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื– ืคึผืขืจืžื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืข ื“ืจืš, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืคื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคึผืขืงืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืคึผืคึผืึทืจืžืึธืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ืฅ ืคึผืจืึธื•ืคื™ื™ืœื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืคึผืึทืจืžืึธืจ-ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœืขืก-ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึท ืคึผืขืงืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื•ืคื™ื™ืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื–;
  • ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜ ื™ืคึผื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขืก, ื™ืคึผ6ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขืก, ืึทืจืคึผื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขืก ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ nftables ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืึธื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื•ื ืึทืคื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืคึฟื™ืœื˜ืจื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ IPv4, IPv6, ARP ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ื‘ืจื™ืงืŸ. Nftables ื’ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืขืจื™ืง, ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ-ืคืจื™ื™ึท ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืงื™ืฅ, ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ. ื“ื™ ืคึฟื™ืœื˜ืจื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืœืึธื’ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ-ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืงืึธื“ืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื˜ืœื™ื ืง ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืขืงืกืึทืงื™ื•ื˜ืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืจืขืžืึทื ื™ืกืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters);

    ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ื“ื™ iptables-nft ืคึผืขืงืœ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึธืคืคืขืจืก ืึท ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืžื™ื˜ iptables, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ืกื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ nf_tables ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืงืึธื“ืข, ืขืงืกืึทืงื™ื•ื˜ืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ. ื“ื™ iptables-legacy ืคึผืขืงืœ ืื™ื– ืึทืคึผืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจื•ื ื’, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืึทืœื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืก_ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขืก. iptables ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ /usr/sbin ืืœื ื•ื•ื™ /sbin (ืกื™ืžืœื™ื ืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™);

  • ืคึฟืึทืจ APT, ืึท ื–ืึทืžื“ืงืึทืกื˜ืŸ ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึธื“ืข ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“, ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ APT :: ืกืึทื ื“ื‘ืึธืงืก :: ืกืขืงืึธืžืคึผ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืคึฟื™ืœื˜ืจื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืงืึทืœืœืก ื ื™ืฆืŸ seccomp-BPF. ืฆื• ืคื™ื™ืŸ-ื˜ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืจื•ืคื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช APT::Sandbox::Secomp::Trap ืื•ืŸ APT::Sandbox::Secomp::Allow;
  • ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืงืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 4.19;
  • ื“ื™ GNOME ื“ืขืกืงื˜ืึทืคึผ ืื™ื– ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืฆื• Wayland ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ X ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ-ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืกืขืกื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข (X ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ืคึผืขืงืœ). ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืก ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ: GNOME 3.30, KDE Plasma 5.14, ืฆื™ืžืขืจื™ื ื’ 3.8, LXDE 0.99.2, LXQt 0.14, MATE 1.20ืื•ืŸ Xfce 4.12. ืึธืคืคื™ืกืข ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ LibreOffice ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ 6.1, ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœื™ื’ืจืึท ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ 3.1. ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ 3.30, ื’ื™ืžืคึผ 2.10.8, ื™ื ืงืกืงืึทืคึผืข 0.92.4, ื•ื•ื™ื 8.1;
  • ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืึท ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกื˜ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš (Rustc 1.34 ืื™ื– ืกืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื“). ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ GCC 8.3, LLVM/Clang 7.0.1, OpenJDK 11, Perl 5.28, PHP 7.3, Python 3.7.2;
  • ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ Apache httpd 2.4.38, BIND 9.11, Dovecot 2.3.4, Exim 4.92, Postfix 3.3.2, MariaDB 10.3, nginx 1.14, PostgreSQL 11, Samba 4.9 (SMBv3 ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ);
  • ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืกืขื˜ืึทืคึผ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ LUKS2 ื“ื™ืกืง ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ (ืคืจื™ืขืจ LUKS1 ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜). LUKS2 ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจืก (4096 ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 512, ืจืึทื“ื•ืกืึทื– ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืข ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ืึธืŸ), ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœื™ืฉ ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืขืจืก (ืœื™ื™ื‘ืœ) ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืึทื“ืึทื˜ืึท ื‘ืึทืงืึทืคึผ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ืึทื“. ื“ืขืจ ืึทืคึผื’ืจื™ื™ื“ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ LUKS1 ืกืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ืึท LUKS2 ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื›ืขื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื ื™ื™ึท ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ื’ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™;
  • ื“ื™ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœืœืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืงืึทื ืกืึธื•ืœื– ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืกืœื™ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก. ReiserFS ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ. ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ZSTD ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืฉืึทืŸ (libzstd) ืคึฟืึทืจ Btrfs. ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ NVMe ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก;
  • ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื‘ืึธืึธื˜ืกื˜ืจืึทืคึผ, ื“ื™ "--merged-usr" ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืข ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืจืขืจื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ / usr ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ (ื“ื™ / bin, / sbin ืื•ืŸ / lib * ื“ื™ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœื™ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจื™ื– ื™ืŸ / ื•ืกืจ). ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–; ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื’ ืื™ื– ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื“ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก;
  • ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืึทื˜ืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืึทืคึผื’ืจื™ื™ื“ื– ืคึผืขืงืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื™ืœื™ืžืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–, ืึทืคึผื’ืจื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื“ื™ื™ื˜ ืจื™ืœื™ืกื™ื– (ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ 10.1, 10.2, ืืื–"ื• ื•) ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜;
  • ืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• CUPS 2.2.10 ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืคึผืก-ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจืก 1.21.6 ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืœ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ AirPrint, DNS-SD (Bonjour) ืื•ืŸ IPP ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืึธืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ื ื’ ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก;
  • ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึธืจื“ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ Allwinner A64 ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื–, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ FriendlyARM NanoPi A64, Olimex A64-OLinuXino, TERES-A64, PINE64 PINE A64/A64/A64-LTS, SOPINE, Pinebook, SINOVOIP Banana Pi BPI-M64 ืื•ืŸ (ืคึผืœื•ืก);
  • ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜-* ืžืขื˜ืึทืคึผืึทืงื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ ืžืขื“ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืื™ื– ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื“, ืึทืœืึทื•ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืกืึทืœืขืงืฉืึทื ื–ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื‘ื™ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ;
  • ืกื•ืคึผืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ Xen ื’ืึทืกื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ PVH ืžืึธื“ืข ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜;
  • OpenSSL ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ TLS 1.0 ืื•ืŸ 1.1 ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก; TLS 1.2 ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข;
  • ืคื™ืœืข ืึทื•ื˜ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื“ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ Qt 4 (ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– Qt 5 ืื™ื– ืœื™ื ืงืก), phpmyadmin, ipsec-tools, racoon, ssmtp, ecryptfs-utils, mcelog, revelation. ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ 11 ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผื™ื˜ื”ืึธืŸ 2;
  • ื ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ 64-ื‘ื™ืกืœ RISC-V ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืคื™ืฉืึทืœื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ 10. ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ, ืคึฟืึทืจ RISC-Vื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 90% ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื–;
  • ืึทืŸ ื™ื ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ืึทื ื˜ืœื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืœืขืจ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœืœืขืจ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื•ื• ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ Calamares ืžื™ื˜ ืึท Qt-ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ Manjaro, Sabayon, Chakra, NetRunner, KaOS, OpenMandriva ืื•ืŸ KDE ื ืขืึธืŸ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืึทื ื–. ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ืขื‘ื™ืึทืŸ-ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœืœืขืจ.

    ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื– ืึทื”ืขืจ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื, ืึท ืœื™ื™ื•ื• ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ LXQt ื“ืขืกืงื˜ืึทืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื™ื•ื• ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืึธืŸ ืึท ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืึทืœ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึทื ืกืึธื•ืœ ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ. ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืกืึธื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ื•ื• ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืื ืขืœืŸ ื™ื™ึทื ืžืึธื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ, ืึท ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ืจืขืคื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจื™ื– ืื™ื– ืงืึทืคึผื™ื“, ืึธืŸ ืขืคืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืคึผืงื’.

ืžืงื•ืจ: opennet.ru

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’