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ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’

Red Hat Company ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืจืขื“ ื”ืึทื˜ ืขื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื™ื– ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก. ื™ื™ึทื ืžืึธื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืึทืกืขืžื‘ืœื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ x86_64, s390x (IBM System z), ppc64le ืื•ืŸ Aarch64 ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืคืึทืจ ื“ืึทื•ื ืœืึธื•ื“ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืจืขื“ ื”ืึทื˜ ืงื•ื ื” ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื–. ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 rpm ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ื™ื˜ ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ CentOS. ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืœืคึผื—ื•ืช 2029.

ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขื“ืึธืจืึท ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก. ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’ ืื™ื– ื ืึธื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ืฆื• Wayland ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื™ืคึผื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขืก, ืึทืคึผื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ (ืงืขืจื ืขืœ 4.18, GCC 8), ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ DNF ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ YUM, ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืึท ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืœืขืจ ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™, ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ KDE ืื•ืŸ Btrfs.

ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ:

  • ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ื“ื ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื ื™ื™ึท ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืžื™ื˜ Yum ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก. ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืฆื• ื™ื•ื, DNF ื”ืื˜ ื ืึธื•ื˜ื™ืกืึทื‘ืœื™ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ, ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืžืึทื ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืจื•ืคึผื™ื ื’ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื–;
  • ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง BaseOS ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืœืขืจ ืึทืคึผืคึผืกื˜ืจืขืึทื ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™. BaseOS ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ; ืึทืœืฅ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืจื™ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ AppStream ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™. AppStream ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก: ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉ ืจืคึผื ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืœืขืจ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜.

    ื“ื™ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืœืขืจ ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืึธืคืคืขืจืก ืกืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืคึผื ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ื’ืจื•ืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืจืึทื’ืึทืจื“ืœืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืจื™ืœื™ืกื™ื–. ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืึธืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ (ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ PostgreSQL 9.6 ืึธื“ืขืจ PostgreSQL 10). ื“ื™ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืœืขืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืจื™ืœื™ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ื ืึธืš ืึทืคึผื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’. ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืขืก ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืจืขืจื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข (ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ืึทื ืกื™ื–);

  • ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ืขืกืงื˜ืึทืคึผ GNOME 3.28 ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืึท Wayland-ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ืึทืŸ X.Org ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืจืขืจ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข. ืคึผืึทืงืงืึทื’ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ KDE ื“ืขืกืงื˜ืึทืคึผ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื™ืงืกืงืœื•ื“ื™ื“, ื’ืขืœืื–ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– GNOME ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ;
  • ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืงืขืจืŸ ืคึผืขืงืœ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ 4.18. ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจ GCC 8.2. Glibc ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ 2.28.
  • ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Python ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืื™ื– Python 3.6. ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ Python 2.7 ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. ืคึผื™ื˜ื”ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคึผืขืงืœ; ืขืก ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉื ืึทืœื™. ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ Ruby 2.5, PHP 7.2, Perl 5.26, Node.js 10, Java 8 ืื•ืŸ 11, Clang/LLVM Toolset 6.0, .NET Core 2.1, Git 2.17, Mercurial 4.8, Subversion 1.10. ื“ื™ ืงืžืึทืงืข ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื (3.11) ืื™ื– ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜;
  • ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื•ื™ืฃ NVDIMM ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทื ืึทืงืึธื ื“ืึท ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœืœืขืจ;
  • ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ LUKS2 ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ LUKS1 ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ (ืื™ืŸ dm-crypt ืื•ืŸ cryptsetup LUKS2 ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜). LUKS2 ืื™ื– ื ืึธื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจืก (4096 ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 512, ืจืึทื“ื•ืกืึทื– ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืข ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ืึธืŸ), ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœื™ืฉ ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืขืจืก (ืœื™ื™ื‘ืœ) ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืึทื“ืึทื˜ืึท ื‘ืึทืงืึทืคึผ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ืึทื“.
  • ื ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื–ืขืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงืึทืกื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื–ื“ ื‘ืึธืึธื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ืคึผืœื•ื™ืžืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืก;
  • ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ Btrfs ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ื“ื™ btrfs.ko ืงืขืจืŸ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข, ื“ื™ btrfs-progs ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื ืึทืคึผืขืจ ืคึผืขืงืœ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜;
  • ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขื˜ืึทืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืขืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ื”ื™ื’ืข ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–. ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข (stratisd daemon) ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืžืึทืคึผืคึผืขืจ ืื•ืŸ XFS ืกืึทื‘ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื ืึทืžื™ืฉ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืึทืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืกื ืึทืคึผืฉืึทืฅ, ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก, ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืข;
  • ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื-ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทืœืึทืกื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืกืึทื‘ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทืžื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“, ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ TLS, IPSec, SSH, DNSSec ืื•ืŸ Kerberos ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก. ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ-ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธ-ืคึผืึทืœื™ืกื™ื– ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ
    ืžืึธื“ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืขืœื™ื ื’ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื–: ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืœืขื’ืึทื˜, ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืคึผืก. ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึธืคึผืขื ืกืกืœ 1.1.1 ืžื™ื˜ TLS 1.3 ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ;

  • ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื-ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืžืึทืจื˜ ืงืึทืจื“ืก ืื•ืŸ HSM (ื”ืึทืจื“ื•ื•ืึทืจืข ืกืขืงื•ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืขืก) ืžื™ื˜ PKCS #11 ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ื˜ืึธืงืขื ืก;
  • ื“ื™ iptables, ip6tables, arptables ืื•ืŸ ebtables ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ nftables ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืึธื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืคึฟื™ืœื˜ืจื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ IPv4, IPv6, ARP ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ื‘ืจื™ืงืŸ. Nftables ื’ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืขืจื™ืง, ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ-ืคืจื™ื™ึท ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืงื™ืฅ, ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ. ื“ื™ ืคึฟื™ืœื˜ืจื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืœืึธื’ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ-ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืงืึธื“ืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื˜ืœื™ื ืง ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืขืงืกืึทืงื™ื•ื˜ืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืจืขืžืึทื ื™ืกืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ืจื•ื•ืึทืœื“ ื“ื™ื™ืžืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ nftables ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื‘ืึทืงืขื ื“. ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื, ื“ื™ iptables-translate ืื•ืŸ ip6tables-translate ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ;
  • ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ื ืขืฅ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื–, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืึท IPVLAN ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ื ืขืฅ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ;
  • ื“ื™ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคึผืขืงืœ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ nginx ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ (1.14). Apache httpd ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 2.4.35 ืื•ืŸ OpenSSH ืฆื• 7.8p1.

    ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ DBMS, MySQL 8.0, MariaDB 10.3, PostgreSQL 9.6/10 ืื•ืŸ Redis 4.0 ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ื–. ื“ื™ MongoDB DBMS ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข SSPL ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึธืคึฟืŸ;

  • ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืคึผื’ืจื™ื™ื“ื™ื“. ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืงืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก (ICH9 ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืกืขื˜ ืขืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ) ืžื™ื˜ PCI Express ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืงืคึผื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜-ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืคึผืจื™ืฉื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“. QEMU ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 2.12. QEMU ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ื–ืึทืžื“ืงืึทืกื˜ืŸ ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึธื“ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœื™ืžืึทืฅ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืจื•ืคื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก QEMU ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ;
  • ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ eBPF-ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืžื–, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ SystemTap (4.0) ื˜ืึธืึธืœืงื™ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึทืฅ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืกืขืžื‘ืึทืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื ื’ BPF ืžื’ื™ืœื”;
  • ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืžืขื ืึทืœ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ XDP (eXpress Data Path) ืกืึทื‘ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืคืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง BPF ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืึทืงืกืขืก ื“ื™ DMA ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ื‘ืึทืคืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืกืงื‘ื•ืฃ ื‘ืึทืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืœืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ;
  • ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืคื™ืจืŸ ื‘ืึธืึธื˜ืœืึธืึทื“ืขืจ ืกืขื˜ื˜ื™ื ื’ืก. ื‘ื•ื ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื ื™ื™ึท ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืื™ื™ื ืกืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท LVM ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื“. ื‘ื•ื ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ ื ื™ื™ึท ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืื™ื™ื ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึธื ืขืก;
  • ื™ื ื˜ืขื’ืจืึทื˜ืขื“ ืœื™ื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ื˜ืึธืึธืœืงื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื– ื‘ื™ืœื“ืึทื”, ืฆื• ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ - ืคึผืึธื“ืžืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ - ืกืงืึธืคึผืขืึธ;
  • ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื“. ื“ืขืจ Pacemaker ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 2.0. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคึผืงืก ืคื•ืœ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ Corosync 3, ืงื ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธื“ืข ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืš ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜;
  • ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉ ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึท ื ืขืฅ (ื ืขืฅ-ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืก) ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืขืœื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืกืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™, ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ifup ืื•ืŸ ifdown ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืก, ื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• NetworkManager, ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ nmcli ื ื•ืฆืŸ;
  • ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื–: crypto-utils, cvs, dmraid, empathy, finger, gnote, gstreamer, ImageMagick, mgetty, phonon, pm-utils, rdist, ntp (ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš chrony), qemu (ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš qemu-kvm), qt (ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš qt5-qt), rsh, rt, rubygems (ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืจื•ื‘ื™ ืคึผืขืงืœ), ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื-config-firewall, tcp_wrappers, wxGTK.
  • ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ (UBI, ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ื‘ืึทืกืข ื‘ื™ืœื“) ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉืืคืŸ ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื–, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืึทืœืึทื•ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. UBI ื™ื ืงืœื•ื“ื– ืึท ืžื™ื ื™ืžืึทืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ืคึผื˜-ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข, ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืžืข ืึทื“-ืึธื ืก ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ (ื ืึธื“ืขื“ื–ืฉืก, ืจื•ื‘ื™, ืคึผื™ื˜ื”ืึธืŸ, ืคืคึผ, ืคึผืขืจืœ) ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™.

    • ืžืงื•ืจ: opennet.ru

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’