ืงืขืจื ืขืœ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ Linux 6.12 ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขืึทืœ-ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืข

ื ืืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’, ื”ืื˜ ืœื™ื ื•ืก ื˜ืืจื•ื•ืืœื“ืก ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืขืจื ืขืœ. Linux 6.12. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื‘ืึทืจืข ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืจืขืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืึธื“ืข, sched_ext ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ CPU ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœืขืจื– ื“ื•ืจืš eBPF, QR ืงืึธื“ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื˜ืคืึทืœ ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, Device Memory TCP ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื, SCHED_DEADLINE ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื, ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ EEVDF ื˜ืึทืกืง ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœืขืจ, IPE ืžืึธื“ื•ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืก.

ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ื›ื•ืœืœ 14607 ืคื™ืงืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ 2167 ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก, ื“ื™ ืœืึทื˜ืข ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืื™ื– 37 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ (ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึทืคืขืงื˜ืึทื“ 13087 ื˜ืขืงืขืก, 507913 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื“ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, 234083 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžืขืงื˜). ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ื”ืื˜ 15130 ืคื™ืงืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ 2078 ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก, ื“ื™ ืœืึทื˜ืข ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 85 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ (ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 6.10 ืงืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 41 ืžื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก). ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 45% ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขื  ืื™ืŸ 6.12 ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก, ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 12% ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ืึทืคึผื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงืึธื“ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืฆื• ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจื–, 13% ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ืึทืง, 6% ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ 3% ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืงืขืจืŸ ืกืึทื‘ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทืžื–.

ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื™ื ืึธื•ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืจืŸ 6.12:

  • ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก
    • ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืขืจื ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ PREEMPT_RT ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืึธืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉืึทื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจืขืึทืœ-ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื. ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืคึฟืขืœื ื“ื™ืงืข ืงืขืจื ืขืœ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ืŸ PREEMPT_RT ืžืึธื“ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื™ื˜-ื‘ืœืึธืงื™ืจื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืึทื•ื˜ืคึผื•ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ printk ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืขืจื ืขืœ. PREEMPT_RT ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืข ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ x86, x86_64, ARM64, ืื•ืŸ RISC-V ืึทืจื›ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ื•ืจืŸ. ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜, ื“ื™ ืื™ืžืคึผืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ PREEMPT_RT ืžืึธื“ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึธืจืขื ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืขืงืกื˜ืขืจื ืข ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉืึทื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืึทื ื–, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ RHEL, SUSE, ืื•ืŸ... Ubuntu, ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ืจืขืืœ-ื˜ื™ื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืื‘ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืคืจืื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื ืื›ืคืจืื’ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ื ืื ืฆื™ืขืœืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ, ืื•ื“ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืคืจืืฆืขืกื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืขืก, ืื•ื•ื™ืืฆื™ืข, ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ, ืจืื‘ืื˜ื™ืงืก, ื˜ืขืœืขืงืืžื•ื ื™ืงืืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืขืœืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืื• ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื’ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืžืื›ืŸ ืคืืจื–ืขื‘ืืจืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืคืจืืฆืขืกื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜.
    • ื“ืขืจ "sched_ext" (SCX) ืžืขื›ืื ื™ื–ื ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ, ื•ื•ืืก ืขืจืžืขื’ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ eBPF ืฆื• ืฉืืคืŸ CPU ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœืขืจืก ื•ื•ืืก ื“ืขืงืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืœืข ืืกืคืขืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืื‘ืข ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ CPU ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’. ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœืขืจืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ืฉ ื’ืขืœืื“ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืงืขืจื ืขืœ. Linux ะฒ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ eBPF. ื“ืขืจ sched_ext ืžืขื›ืื ื™ื–ื ืคืืจืคึผืฉื•ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืึทื‘ืข-ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคึฟื™ืฉืข ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœืขืจืก, ืขืจืžืขื’ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืžืขื’ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื ืขืœืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืคึผืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ-ื“ืขืจ-ืคืœื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ื ืคึฟืจืึทืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจืŸ. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืง sched_ext, ืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ืขืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคึฟื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคึฟื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทืคึผืœื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืึทืžื™ืฉ ืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืจ ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืข ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึฟืึทืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ.
    • ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึทืฅ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืขืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉืึทื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ SCHED_DEADLINE ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื˜ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืคึผื• ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืคึผื• ืื™ื– ืžืึทื ืึทืคึผืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื”ื•ื™ืš-ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜ (ืจืขืึทืœื˜ื™ืžืข) ื˜ืึทืกืงืก. ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืžื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ืงืคึผื• ืžืึธื ืึธืคึผืึธืœื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืึทื”ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขืึทืœื˜ื™ืžืข ื’ืขืจื’ืœ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืคืจื•ื•ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ 5% ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง-ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก, ื’ืขืœืื–ืŸ 95% ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ-ื˜ื™ื™ื ื˜ืึทืกืงืก. ื“ืขื ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืœื™ื ืงืก ืคื™ืœ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. SCHED_DEADLINE ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ืึท ืžืขืจ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื.
    • ื“ื™ ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ EEVDF (ืขืจืœื™ืึทืกื˜ ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ื’ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ื“ืขื“ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ) ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœืขืจ, ืกืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื“ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืขืจืŸ 2.6.23. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืฉื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึท ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœืขืจ ื ืขืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืึทื ื“ื™ื–ืขืจื•ื•ื“ืœื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืึธื•ืกื˜ืคึผืึธื•ื ื“. ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ CFS ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื›ื™ื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื™ืŸ-ื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ื˜, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึท ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœืขืจ ื˜ืจืึทืงืก ื–ื™ื™ ืžืขืจ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืคื™ื™ืŸ-ื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื’. ื“ื™ EEVDF ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ืœื™ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก CFS ื”ืื˜ ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก.
    • ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ื ื•ื™ื˜ืคืึทืœ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืจ - DRM Panic, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื (ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืจืขื ื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืžืึทื ืึทื’ืขืจ) ืกืึทื‘ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœ ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืกื— ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ "ื‘ืœื•ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜", ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืึท ืœืึธื’ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืึท QR ืงืึธื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืžืกื’ ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืขืงืจืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื ื•ื™ื˜ืคืึทืœ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืึทืงืขืจื– ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 2953 ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืก ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึท QR ืงืึธื“, ื“ื™ DRM_PANIC_SCREEN_QR_CODE_URL ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ kmsg ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืœื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื˜ืึทื˜ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ URL, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 40 ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืก ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ V7500 QR ืงืึธื“. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ, ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ืข URL ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ URL, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื™ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื. ืฆื• ืกืขืœืขืงื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื QR ืงืึธื“ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜, ื“ื™ DRM_PANIC_SCREEN_QR_VERSION ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜.
    • ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ARM POE (ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจืœื™ื™ ืขืงืกื˜ืขื ืกื™ืึธืŸ), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื’ืขืจื•ื ื’, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ARM64 ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื–, ื“ื™ ืžืขืžืึธืจื™ ืคึผืจืึทื˜ืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืงื™ื– ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื˜ืฉืึทื ื’ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ื˜ื™ืฉ.
    • ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ Loongarch, ARM64, PowerPC ืื•ืŸ s390 ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจื–, ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื ื“ืึธื () ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื– ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืืจืŸ, ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืขื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ vDSO (ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ื“ื™ื ืึทืžื™ืฉ ืฉืขืจื“ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ) ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืจื•ืคืŸ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื™ื–. ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืค - ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 15 ืžืืœ.
    • ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึทื‘ืกืึธืœื•ื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืžืึทื•ืฅ, ื˜ืจื™ื’ืขืจื“ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืจื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ io_uring ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืก ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ / ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืกืึทื‘ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื (ืคืจื™ืขืจ, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ื˜ื™ื™ืžืึทื•ืฅ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ).
    • ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ libcpupower ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ SWIG ื˜ืึธืึธืœืงื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ื– ืคึฟื•ืŸ C / C ++ ืงืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ื– ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืก ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ื˜ื”ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ libcpupower ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทืคึผื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืงืคึผื•ืคืจืขืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ.
    • ื“ื™ ืงืคึผื•ื™ื“ืœืข ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ืกืคึผืœื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ "ืจืขื–ื™ื“ืึทื ืกื™", ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ-ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืงืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืึทื˜.
    • ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืœืึทื ื’ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื˜ C ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง nolibc, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจื ืขืœ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœ ืงืึธื“. Linux ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ื ืจืึทืคึผืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืจื•ืคืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื˜ nolibc ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืึทื ื’, ืื™ื– ืœื™ื ืง-ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข (LTO) ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“.
    • ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงื’ืจื•ืคึผ 1 ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืคึผืจื™ืฉื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืงืคึผ ืึทืงืึทื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื’, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืš ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข XNUMX ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื™ื’ื–ืึธืกื˜ืฉืึทืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’. ืกื•ืคึผืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืฆื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืจืขื ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ.
    • ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจ ืึท ืจื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผื•ืจ ื‘ืึทืคืขืจ ืฆื• ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืงื™ื•ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืจืขื‘ืึธืึธื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืœื™ืจืŸ ืึทืงื™ื•ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื™ื‘ืึทื’ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืขืจืŸ ืงืจืึทืš. ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทืกืข_ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทื ืก ืงืขืจืŸ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ "trace_instance = boot_map@0x285400000:12M" ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ 12 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ 0x285400000 ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ "ื‘ืึธืึธื˜_ืžืึทืคึผ" ื‘ืึทืคืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืข /sys/kernel /ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’/ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืขืก/ื‘ืึธืึธื˜_ืžืึทืคึผ.
    • ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ื’ืข ืžื™ื’ืจื™ืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืกื˜-ืคึฟืึทืจ- ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’Linux, ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืจืืกื˜ ืืœืก ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืฉืคืจืืš ืคืืจืŸ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืจื ืขืœ ืžืื“ื•ืœืŸ (ืจืืกื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืคืืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืจืืกื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ืข ื‘ื•ื™-ืืคื”ืขื ื’ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืขืจื ืขืœ). ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ 'ืœื™ืกื˜' ืื•ืŸ 'rbtree' ืžืื“ื•ืœืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืืคืขืœื˜-ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืขื ืข ืœื™ืกื˜ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜-ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ื–ื•ื›-ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ. ืคืืจื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 'init', 'sync', 'types', ืื•ืŸ 'error' ืžืื“ื•ืœืŸ. ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืจืืกื˜ ืงืื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื ืงืขืจื ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืกืคืขืงื˜ืขืจ ืื˜ืืงืขืก (MITIGATION_{RETHUNK,RETPOLINE,SLS} ืืคืฆื™ืขืก), ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ KASAN ื“ื™ื‘ืื’ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื“ื™ kCFI (ืงืขืจื ืขืœ ืงืื ื˜ืจืืœ ืคืœืื• ืื™ื ื˜ืขื’ืจื™ื˜ื™) ืื•ืŸ ืฉืื“ืื• ืงืืœ ืฉื•ืฅ ืžืขืงืื ื™ื–ืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื ืึธืš GCC ืคึผืœื•ื’ื™ื ืก ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ. ื ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืืจืŸ ืืคืœื™ื™ื“ ืžื™ื™ืงืจื QT2025 PHY ืขื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืงืื ื˜ืจืืœืขืจ, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืืกื˜, ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ. ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขื‘ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ: rust.docs.kernel.org.
    • ื“ื™ xdrgen ื ื•ืฆืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ืงืขืจื ืขืœ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœ ืงืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ืจืŸ XDR (eXternal Data Representation) ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคึฟื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ืŸ XDR ืขื ืงืึธื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืงืึธื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืขืก ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ C ืกื˜ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืจื ืขืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ. Linux.
    • ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืจืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืœ ืžืึทืกืงื™ื ื’ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืžืขืœืขืš ืจื•ืคื˜ ืฆื• barrier_nospec () ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 64-ื‘ื™ืกืœ copy_from_user () ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข, ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ื ืึธื›ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ. ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืžืึทืกืงื™ื ื’ ืกืคึผื™ื“ื– ื“ื™ "ืคึผืขืจ_ื˜ื”ืจืขืึทื“_ืึธืคึผืก" ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขื, ืžื™ื˜ 2.6%.
    • ื ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ืกื‘ ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ 9pfs ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืกื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ืกื‘ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžืึธื•ื ื˜ืขื“ ื“ื™ 9p ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื•ืกื‘ (ืœืžืฉืœ, "mount -t 9p -o trans = usbg, aname=/path/to/ fs /ืžื ื˜/9"). ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืขืก ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ NFS ืฆื• ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ืขืžื‘ืขื“ื™ื“ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก.
  • ื“ื™ืกืง ืกืึทื‘ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื™ / ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ
    • ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื‘ืœืึธืง ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ VFS ืกืึทื‘ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ, ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ XFS.
    • ื“ื™ FUSE ืกืึทื‘ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ื”ืื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึทืคึผื™ื ื’ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื•ื ื˜ืขื“ ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ, ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืžืึธื•ื ื˜ืขื“ ืคืจืขืžื“ ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืจืึทื ื˜. ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื.
    • ื ื ื™ื™ึทืข fcntl ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข, F_CREATED_QUERY, ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืฆื™ ืึท ื˜ืขืงืข ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ O_CREAT ืคืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ.
    • ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง 64-ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื‘ืืจื’ ืคื•ื ื˜ ื™ื“ืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ name_to_handle_at () ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืจืึทืกืข ื˜ื ืึธื™ื ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืกื™ื ื’ /proc/mountinfo.
    • ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื˜ืขืงืข" ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 232 ืฆื• 184 ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืึทื“ื•ืกืึทื– ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืขืงืขืก.
    • ืžืึธื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึธื ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ ืคื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ / proc ื›ื™ื™ืขืจืึทืจืงื™, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ / proc/PID/fd, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื›ื™ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื™ืฉื•ื–.
    • ื“ื™ ืคึผืกืขื•ื•ื“ืึธ-FS NSFS (NameSpace FS), ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึทืžืขืกืคึผืึทืกืขืก, ื’ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ ืคื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ.
    • ื“ื™ EROFS (ืขืงืกื˜ืขื ื“ืึทื‘ืœืข ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ-ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื) ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ-ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืžืึทื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืง ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืขืงืขืก.
    • ื ื™ื™ึท ื™ืึธืงื˜ืœ ืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื– XFS_IOC_START_COMMIT ืื•ืŸ XFS_IOC_COMMIT_RANGE ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• XFS ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืงืกื˜ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขืงืขืก.
    • NFS ื”ืื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืข ืคืืจืŸ "LOCALIO" ืคืจืื˜ืืงืืœ, ื•ื•ืืก ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ื™ืš ืฆื• ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆื™ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ NFS ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ื“ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืขืก.
    • ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ Btrfs ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜, ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ืจืขืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจืขื“, ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื— ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทืงื™ื ื’ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ื– ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื˜, ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืคืึธืœื™ืึธื•ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’. ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ btrfs_path ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ.
    • ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืงืกื˜ 4 ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื‘ืึทื’ื– ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืึทืจืŸ ืึทืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืžืึธืก ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’, ืฉื ืขืœ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืึธื•ืจื ืึทืœื™ื ื’ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงื˜.
  • ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜
    • ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ IPE (ื™ื ื˜ื’ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืขื ืคืึธืจืกืžืึทื ื˜) LSM ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข, ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ื™ืงืจืึธืกืึธืคึฟื˜ ืฆื• ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ ื“ื™ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืึทื ื“ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื™ื ื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืึธื˜ืึทื ื˜ื™ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืึทืคื™ื™ื“. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื ื™ืฆืŸ IPE, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข ื˜ืขืงืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืขืกืงืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ื”ืึทืฉืขืก ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ dm-verity ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื.
    • ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื ืข, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืกืขืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืœื™ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืขืจ ืงืœืึทืก ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืคึผื•. Kconfig ืึธืคืคืขืจืก ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก: MITIGATE_MDS (ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืึทืจื˜ืฉื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ื•ืจืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ืกืึทืžืคึผืœื™ื ื’), MITIGATE_TAA (ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ TSX ืึทืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก ืึทื‘ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™), MITIGATE_MMIO_STALE_DATA (ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ MMIO ืกื˜ืึทืœืข ื“ืึทื˜ืึท), MITIGATE_L1TF (ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ L1TF ืฉื•ืฅ), FMITIGATE_L1TF (ืฉื•ืฅ) (ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืจืขื˜ื‘ืœืขืขื“ ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–), MITIGATE_SPECTRE_V2, MITIGATE_SPECTRE_VXNUMX (ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–), MITIGATE_SRBDS (ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœืข ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ืกืึทืžืคึผืœื™ื ื’), MITIGATE_SSB (ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืงื•ืœืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืกื˜ืึธืจ ื‘ื™ื™ืคึผืึทืก ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™).
    • ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข proc_mem.force_override ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืกืขื˜ื˜ื™ื ื’ืก ืื™ืŸ Kconfig (PROC_MEM_FORCE_ALWAYS, PROC_MEM_FORCE_PTRACE ืื•ืŸ PROC_MEM_FORCE_NEVER) ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืžื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš /proc/pid/mem.
    • LSM ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื (Linux ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœ) ืื™ื– ื’ืขื˜ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื• ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจื•ืคืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’.
    • ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœืข ืงืขืจื ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ARM64 ืึทืจื›ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืกื˜ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ Android-ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึธื“ื™ืคึฟื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืŸ KVM ื”ื™ืคึผืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ (ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืงื˜ืขื“ KVM).
    • ื“ื™ Landlock LSM ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข, ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ื“ื™ "IPC scoping" ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ืฆื• ืกืึทืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืึทืžื“ืงืึทืกื˜ืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ืงืก ืกืึทืงืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœื–. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ืงืก ืกืึทืงืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ืึทืžื“ืงืึทืกื˜ืŸ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืึทืจื ืขื.
    • ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ KVM ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ, ืึท ืคืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ CPUID ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืึทืกื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ืฅ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ AVX10.1 ื™ืงืกื˜ืขื ืฉืึทื ื–.
  • ื ืขืฅ ืกืึทื‘ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื
    • ื“ื™ Device Memory TCP ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืึทืœืึทื•ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ืกืึทืงืึทืฅ ืฆื• ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืคืขืจืึทืœ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ (ื ื•ืœ-ืงืึธืคึผื™ ืžืึธื“ืข) ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ืคึผืึทืงื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ. ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜. ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืงื™ืฅ ืื™ื– ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืงืึธืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืขืจื™ืคืขืจืึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืงืึธืจื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš, ื‘ื™ื™ืคึผืึทืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืงืคึผื•, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ื›ืขื“ืขืจื– ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ืงืขืจืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืขืจื–.
    • ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืขื˜ื”ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืœื™ืก ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื“. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื“ืขืจ Intel iwlwifi ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื ื’ RLC / SMPS ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžื•ื•ืึทืจืข ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜, ื“ื™ RealTek rtw89 ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ RTL8852BT/8852BE-VT (WiFi 6) ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก, ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงืจืึธื˜ืฉื™ืคึผ ืขื˜ื”ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ IEEE 802.3 bw (100BASE) ืกืคึผืขืกืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– -T1) ืื•ืŸ IEEE 802.3bp, ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืขื˜ื”ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื ืฅ Microsoft vNIC ืื•ืŸ IBM ื•ื•ืขื˜. ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื ื™ื™ึท ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ Realtek RTL9054, RTL9068, RTL9072, RTL9075, RTL9068, RTL9071 ืื•ืŸ Microchip LAN8650/1 10BASE-T1S MAC-PHY ืขื˜ื”ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก.
    • ืื™ืŸ MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), ืึท ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื’ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืงืคึผ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืขืงืกืคึผืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืงืคึผ ืคึผืึทืงื™ืฅ ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืกืœื™ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืจื•ืฅ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื ืขืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื–, ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 8 ืฆื• 16 ื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ. ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ (ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ืึธืœ) ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึทืกืคึผืขื ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ.
    • ืคึฟืึทืจ IPv6, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ "ืคึผ" ืคืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ PIO (ืคึผืจืขืคื™ืงืก ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข), ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ RA ืึทื“ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ื™ื–ืžืึทื ืฅ (IPv6 ืจืึธื•ื˜ืขืจ ืึทื“ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ื™ื–ืžืึทื ืฅ) ืฆื• ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ืคึผืœื•ื™ืžืึทื ื˜ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ื“ื•ืจืš DHCPv6-PD (DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation, RFC9663) ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืกื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืจืขืคื™ืงืกื™ื– ื ื™ืฆืŸ SLAAC (ืกื˜ืึทื˜ืขืœืขืกืก ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืึทื•ื˜ืึธืงืึธื ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ). IPv6 IOAM6 ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื˜ื•ื ืกืจืง ืขื ืงืึทืคึผืกื•ืœืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืžืึธื“ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’.
    • ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ IPsec ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืคึผืึทืงื™ืฅ.
    • ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœืึทืฉื™ื ื’ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ืคื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขืก ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. nfnetlink_queue ื”ืื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ SCTP ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ.
    • ื“ื™ ืขื˜ื”ืึธืึธืœ ืึทืคึผื™ ื”ืื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ื ืขืฅ ืงืึทืจื“ืก ืฆื• ืื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“.
  • ื“ื™ ืขืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผืžืขื ื˜
    • ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ AMDGPU ืฉืึธืคืขืจ, ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ AMD RDNA4 ("GFX12") ื’ืคึผื•ืก. ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืงื™ื•ื– ืึธืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื’ืคึผื•.
    • ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ Xe drm ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ (ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืจืขื ื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืžืึทื ืึทื’ืขืจ) ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืคึผื•ืก ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ Intel Xe ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ Intel Arc ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืงืึทืจื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืก, ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ื’ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื–. ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืคึผื•ืก ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ื˜ืขืœืžืึทื’ืข ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื ืึทืจ ืœื™ื™ืง ืžื™ืงืจืึธืึทืจื˜ืฉื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ื•ืจืขืก. ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ CCS (ืงืึธืœื™ืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš) Xe2 ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืขืจืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขื  ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงืจืขื˜ืข ื’ืคึผื•ืก.
    • ื“ืขืจ i915 ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธื›ืขืจ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ HWMON ืึธื“ืขืจ sysfs ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ (ื“ื™ "fan1_input" ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜). ื“ืขืจ "i915.modeset" ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืคึผืจื™ืฉื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื™ "i915.nomodeset" ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "i0.modeset=915".
    • ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ A615, A306 ืื•ืŸ A621 ื’ืคึผื•ืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ msm DRM ืฉืึธืคืขืจ (Qualcomm Adreno GPU).
    • ื“ื™ ื ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืึทื• ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื ื“ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื–.
    • ื“ืขืจ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ_ืคึผืกื˜ืึทื˜ืข ืฉืึธืคืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœืก ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก (ืคึผ-ืฉื˜ืึทื˜) ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื–, ื”ืื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื›ื™ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืกื™ืžืžืขื˜ืจื™ืง (ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก) ืงืคึผื•ืก, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืจืึทื ื™ื˜ ืจืึทืคึผื™ื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ืขืจืึท ื•ื•ืึทืœื“ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืึทืจื˜ืฉื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจื–. ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ Xeon Granite Rapids ืงืคึผื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ_ื™ื“ืœืข ืฉืึธืคืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ_ืจืึทืคึผืœ ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ AMD 1Ah ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ืื•ืŸ Intel ArrowLake-U ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื–.
    • ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ื™ื ื’ ื™ื ืงืœื•ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ARM SoC Snapdragon X Elite, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ื™ืฆื˜ Qualcomm ืก ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข 12-ื”ืึทืจืฅ Oryon ืงืคึผื• ืื•ืŸ Qualcomm Adreno GPU. ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทื™ืžืขื“ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืคึผืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืงืก, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืคึผืœ ืž 3 ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ืงืึธืจ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึท 155 ื” ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื˜ืขืกืฅ.
    • ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ARM ื‘ืึธืจื“ื–, ืกืึธืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก: Broadcom bcm2712 (Raspberry Pi 5), Renesas R9A09G057 (RZ/V2H), Qualcomm Snapdragon 414 (MSM8929), Lenovo ThinkPad T14s Gen 6, Lenovo A6000/A6010 , Firefly Core-PX7-JD35, Lunzn Fastrhino R30S, Aspeed Riser, AGX Orin, Rockchip Qnap-TS4, Huashan Pi, Meta Catalina, BeagleY-AI, NanoPi R68S Plus, ExynosAuto v433, SOPHGO SG2, LG920h2002. ืงื™ืœ ืคึผื™ CM5332 GenBook, Anbernic RG4XXSP, GameForce Ace, IBM P815, Kontron i.MX5 OSM-S, NanoPC-T35
    • ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ Anbernic RG28XX, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืึทื˜ ื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืึทืœ ืคึฟื™ืจืžืข KD50G21-40NT-A1, Innolux G070ACE-LH3, Melfas lmfbx101117480, Densitron DMT028VGHMCMI-1D, Microchip AC40T08A, AOU B116screens. B02.3XAN116, AOU B06.1XAT116, BOE TV04.1WUM-LL101, BOE NV2WUM-N140, BOE NV41WUM-N133, BOE NV63WHM-A116D, BOE NE4WUM-N140G, CMBECN-N6 MNB116LS2-116, ืกื˜ืึทืจื™ ืขืจ2.
    • ื“ื™ ืึทื•ื“ื™ืึธ ืกืึทื‘ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื ื”ืื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื“ืขืงืก RME Digiface USB, AMD ACP 7.1, Mediatek MT6367, MT8365, Realtek RTL1320, C-Media CM9825. ืึทืœื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ Intel ASoC ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืขืœื˜ืขืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ AVS ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. ืคื™ืœืข ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืžืึทื ืฅ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกืึธื•ื ื“ื•ื•ื™ืจืข ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ.

ืžืงื•ืจ: opennet.ru

ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš ื”ืึธืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ DDoS ืฉื•ืฅ, VPS VDS ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ๐Ÿ”ฅ ืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืขืกืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขื‘ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ DDoS ืฉื•ืฅ, VPS VDS ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก | ProHoster