ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืงืขืจื™ ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื–

ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืงืขืจื™ ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื–
ื”ืขืœื ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, %ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ%!

ื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ืึทืคึผืจื™ืฉื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผืึทืก "ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ืกื".

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืฆื• ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืŸ.

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทื“. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก, ื ื•, ืื™ืš ื”ืื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ืกืคึผื™ื™ืขืจื“ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ.

ืึทื–ื•ื™, ืื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื“ืœื™ ืฆืขืŸ!

ืฆืขื ื˜ ืึธืจื˜

ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืกื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืงืขืจื™ ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื–

ื™ื, ืื™ืš ืฐืฒืก, %username %, ืึทื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืœืฒืš ืื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ: โ€žื”ื•ืจืจืึท, ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืงืœืึธืจื™ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืขืจ! ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™.

ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ื‘ืœื™ืึทืงื™ืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจื™ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืกืึธื“ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ืคึผืึธื˜ืฉืœืึธืจื™ื˜. ื™ืึธ, ืขืก ื™ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงืก ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจื™ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืœืึธืจื™ืŸ.

ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืงืœืึธืจื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืกืขื ืฉืึทืœื™ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื›ืขืžื™ืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืจืคืขืจ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคื™ืœืึทื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื™ืง ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ (ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ 1915 ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ืฉืœืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืคึผืจืขืกืก - ื™ืึธ, ืขืก ืก ืึทื–, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืคื˜ ื’ืึทื–, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืึทื– ืก ื•ื•ื• ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ) , ืขืก ื’ืœื™ื™ืš "ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืก ื’ื™ื™ืŸ."

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฉืžืขืงื˜ ืงืœืึธืจื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื“. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ.

ืจื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš: ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžืขืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืขืœืฅ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืึธืŸ ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ื˜ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ 0,1-0,3 ืคึผื™ืคึผื™ืขื (ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงืก ื“ื•ืจืš ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ื˜ื™ืก). ื ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 1-3 ืคึผื™ืคึผื™ืขื ืื™ื– ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ื˜ืึธืœืขืจืึทื˜ืขื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืขื” - ืึท ืึทื ื‘ืขืจืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื‘ืจืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื–ืื›ืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกื™ื‘ื”, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ. ืื™ืŸ 30 ืคึผื™ืคึผื™ืขื, ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืœืขื’ืึทืžืจืข ืžื™ื“ (ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉืขื”), ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื›ื™ืกื˜ืขืจื™ืงืึทืœ ื”ื•ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ. ื‘ื™ื™ 40-60 ืคึผื™ืคึผื™ืขื, ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ.

ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืœืึธืจื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 400 ืคึผื™ืคึผื™ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืฉืขื” ืื™ื– ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืœืขืš. ื ื•, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ - ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 1000 ืคึผื™ืคึผื™ืขื.

ืื™ ืŸ ื“ืข ืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ึพืžืœื—ืž ื” ื”ืื‘ ืŸ ื– ืฒ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืฆ ื˜ ื“ืข ื ืคืืงื˜ , ื ื– ืงืœื ืจ ืื™ ื– ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ , ืฐ ื™ ืฆืฐ ืฒ ืžื ืœ ืฉืฐืขืจ , ืฐ ื™ ืœื•ืค ื˜ โ€” ืื• ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืข ืจ ื”ืื‘ ืŸ ื– ืฒ ื’ืขืœืื– ื˜ ืคืœื™ืข ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืข ืจ ื“ืข ืจ ืคืœืืš , ืจื•ื™ื›ื ื“ื™ ืง ื“ืข ื ืฉื•ื ื ื˜ ืคื• ืŸ ื“ ื™ ื˜ืจืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ . ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืคึฟืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ืื•ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ.

ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึธืจื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืžืขื›ื™ืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึธืจื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืง, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฆื• ื–ืึธืจื’. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืœืึธืจื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืฉื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธื–ืขื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ.

ื ื•, ื™ืึธ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืฉืœื™ืžื–ืœ, ื‘ื™ื˜ืข ื˜ืึธืŸ: ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขื’ื ื’ื™ืคื˜ ืฆื• ืงืœืึธืจื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคืจื™ืฉ ืœื•ืคื˜. ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื‘, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก.

ื ื™ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜

ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืžื™ืŸ ื - ืึธื“ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, ืจืขื˜ื™ื ืึธืœื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืงืขืจื™ ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื–

ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืžื™ื ืก. ื ื•, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื•ืฅ. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืฆืขืžื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื•ื– ืื•ืŸ ืกืžืึธื•ืงื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืžื™ื ืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื–.

ื•ื•ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืก ื’ืจืึทื ื“ืžืึทื“ืขืจื– ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ืขืกืŸ apples ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืจืึทืฅ. ื–ื™ ื”ืื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ืึธืจ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžืขืจึพืคึผื•ืจื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืฒื ืข ื‘ืขืจืŸ!

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืขืžื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžืึทื“ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืจืขื˜ื™ื ืึธืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืงืขืจืึทื˜ื™ืŸ (ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืœืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืจืึทืฅ): ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืจืึทื˜ื™ืŸ, ื™ืขืœืึธื•ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืœืžื–, ืกืึธืœืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ืงืึทืก ืžืขืžื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื– ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš (ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“!), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืขืงืกื˜ืจืขื ืงืึทืกืขืก ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืกืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜.

ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื“ื™ LD50 ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื˜ื™ื ืึธืœ ืื™ื– 2 ื’ / ืงื’ ืื™ืŸ ืจืึทืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ืขืก. ืงืึทื ืกื™ื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืžื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืขื˜-ืกืึทืœื™ืึทื‘ืึทืœ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืขืกืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉืžื•ืฅ, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืจืึทืฅ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ื–ื™ื™ืŸ, ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืึทืœืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜.

ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื“ื™ ืงืึทืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข: ืึท ื“ืึธื–ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืžื™ืŸ ื ืคื•ืŸ 25 IU / ืงื’ ื– ืึทืงื•ื˜ืข ืคืึทืจืกืึทืžื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึธื–ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹000 IU / ืงื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ 4000-6 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื– ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืคืึทืจืกืึทืžื•ื ื’ (ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ: ื“ืืงื˜ื•ื™ืจื™ื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืึทื ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ - ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืžื™ืŸ ื ืื™ืŸ IU - ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉ ื•ื ื™ืฅ; ืื™ื™ืŸ IU ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 15 ืžืงื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื˜ื™ื ืึธืœ).

ืคืึทืจืกืึทืžื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืžืึทื ื– ืื™ื– ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก: ืึธื ืฆื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจื ื™ืึท, ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขื˜ื™ื˜, ืขืงืœ, ืขื ืœืึทืจื’ืขื“ ืœืขื‘ืขืจ, ืฉืœืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง. ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืžื™ืŸ ื ืคืึทืจืกืึทืžื•ื ื’ ืึทืงืขืจื– ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึทืžืึทื•ื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืฉ ื‘ื•ื™ืžืœ.

ืงืึทืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงื•ื˜ืข ืคืึทืจืกืึทืžื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทื˜ืึทืœ ืึทื•ื˜ืงืึทื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ื™ึทืคื™ืฉ, ืคึผืึธืœื™ืึทืจ ื‘ืขืจ, ื™ื ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื›ืึทืกืงื™ื– (ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผื™ื™ึทื ื™ืงืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜!). ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ืจืืคืขืขืจ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื“ืืก ื“ืขืจืœืขื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืืžื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื’ืกื˜ื ืก 1597, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืขืงืกืคืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื‘ืืจืขื ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืจืื ืง ื ืื›'ืŸ ืขืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืึทืจ ื‘ืขืจ.

ื“ื™ ืึทืงื•ื˜ืข ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืกืึทืžื•ื ื’ ืžืึทื ืึทืคืขืกืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืึทืœืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื“ืึธื•ืก, ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทืงืจืึทื ื™ืึทืœ ื“ืจื•ืง ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืึธืคึผื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืขืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜, ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ืœืขื›ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืงื•ืœืึท ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœ ื™ืžืคึผืขืจืžืึทื ื˜ ืึทืงืขืจื–. ื”ืขืžืึธืจืจื”ืึทื’ืขืก ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืคึผืึทื˜ืึธ- ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืคืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืกื™ืง ื™ืคืขืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืึธืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืžื™ืŸ ื™ื™ ืกืคึผืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืก ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื– ืงืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ. ื•ื™ื“ืขืคื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืžื™ืŸ ื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื™ืงืกื™ื“ ื“ื™ ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืก ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืึทืœืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉื•ื•ืึทื ื’ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ.

ืฆื• ืขืœื™ืžื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืกืึทืžื•ื ื’, ืžืึทื ื ื™ื˜ืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืคึผืจื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืึทื“ื•ืกืึทื– ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทืงืจืึทื ื™ืึทืœ ื“ืจื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ื™ืœื™ืžืึทื ื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื ื’ื™ื–ืึทื, ื’ืœื•ืงืึธืงืึธืจื˜ื™ืงืึธื™ื“ืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืžื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืžื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ืกืึธืกืึธืžืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื ื™ื–. ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืžื™ืŸ E ืื•ื™ืš ืกื˜ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื™ื– ืฆืขืœ ืžืขืžื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื–.

ืึทื–ื•ื™,% ื ืืžืขืŸ%, ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ: ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื–.

ืึทื›ื˜ ืึธืจื˜

ืื™ื™ึทื–ืŸื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืงืขืจื™ ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื–

ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืจื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืš ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ืžืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขืš.

ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืžืขืก, ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืขืกืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืžื™ืŸ ื.

ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ืื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืฆื• ืขืœื™ืžื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื“ื™ืคื™ืฉืึทื ืกื™ ืึทื ืขืžื™ืึท. ืžื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง-ืžืขืžืขืจืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื‘ืึธื‘ืข ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื“ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื“ ืขืกืŸ apples - ื–ื™ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ (ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืขืจื“ ื•ื•ื™ืฅ).

ืคึฟืจื™ึดืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ืืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืœืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ - ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ืงืึทืจื‘ืึธื ื™ืœ ืืฒึทื–ืŸ - ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ: ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึฟื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื“ืจืึธื˜ืฉืœืึธืจื™ืง ื–ื•ื™ืขืจ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคึฟืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืื™ื™ื–ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฆืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’.

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืกื•ืœืคืึทื˜ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืœืึทืงื˜ืึทืฅ. ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ื ืข ื–ืึทืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืขืก ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื ื˜: ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ืฃ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืคืขืจื™ืง ืื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืกืขืจื“ืขื, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขืš ื‘ื™ื™ ืึท ืฃ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ 4.

7-35 ื’ ืื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืขื’ืึทืžืจืข ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืจ,% ื ืืžืขืŸ%, ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื˜ืึทืœ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ - ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืกืึธืœืฅ. ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ (ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ): 3 ื’ืจืึทืžื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืขืกืŸ ืื™ื– ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ 3 ื™ืืจ ืึทืœื˜. ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงืกืึทื“ืขื ื˜ืึทืœ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคืึทืจืกืึทืžื•ื ื’.

ื“ื™ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืขืคื“ื™ืง ืื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืึทืœ ืคืึทืจืกืึทืžื•ื ื’ (ืื•ืŸ, ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืื™ื– ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื•ื•ืขื’. ืื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืงื™ื•ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืึทืœืก โ€‹โ€‹- ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืขื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืœืืชืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื“ืขืคื“ื™ืง ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื“ืขืคื“ื™ืง ืื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืึทื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืคืึทืจืœื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื’, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืงืจืึทื ืง ืžืขืจ ืึธืคื˜.ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜, ื’ืขื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื™ึทืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืขืคื“ื™ืง ืคึผืจืขืกืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธืคื˜ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื™ืœื™ืžืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ื™ืคื™ืฉืึทื ืกื™.

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืคืึทืจืกืึทืžื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืกื˜ืึทื ืึทืœ ืžื™ื•ืงืึธื•ืกืึท ืื™ื– ื“ืึทืžื™ื“ื–ืฉื“, ืœืขื‘ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืก, ืื•ืŸ ืขืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืœืŸ. ืฉื™ืœืฉืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืขื ืข "ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ืกื˜ื•ืœื–" ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ - ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ืŸ - ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืคืืจืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืขืจ ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ, ืงืึธืžืึทื˜ืึธื–ืขืจ ืžืึทืฆืขื•ื•, ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืึทื ื’-ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื.

ื–ื™ื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜

ืึทืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืŸื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืงืขืจื™ ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื–

ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกื™ื‘ื”, ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ืคื™ืœืžืก ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงืึธืคึผื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขืกืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ืœื–. ื’ืึธื˜!

ืึทืกืขื˜ื™ืœืกืึทืœื™ืกื™ืœื™ืง ื–ื•ื™ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึทืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืŸ - ื•ื•ื™ Felix Hoffman ื’ืขืจื•ืคึฟืŸ ืขืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกื™ื ื˜ืึทืกื™ื™ื–ื“ ื“ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ-ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ Bayer AG ืื•ื™ืฃ 10 ืื•ื™ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1897, ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืœื“ 50 ืื™ืŸ ืจืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ 200 ืžื’ / ืงื’. ื™ืึธ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืกืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ืคึผื™ืœื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ, ืึทืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืก. ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™-ืึทื–ื•ื™: ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกื˜ืจืึธื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืกื˜ืึทื ืึทืœ ืฉืขื˜ืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื‘ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ืœืขื›ืฅ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทืงื•ื˜ืข ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื“ืึธื•ืก (ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ - ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ) ื“ื™ ืžืึธืจื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืงื•ืจืก ืื™ื– 2%. ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื“ืึธื•ืก (ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜) ืื™ื– ืึธืคื˜ ืคืึทื˜ืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ืžืึธืจื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืงื•ืจืก ืื™ื– 25%, ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ, ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื“ืึธื•ืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ.

ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืกืึทืžื•ื ื’, ืึทืงื•ื˜ืข ื’ืึทืกื˜ืจื™ืง ื™ื‘ืขืจืงืขืจืŸ, ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื•ื ื’, ืกื™ื™ืงืึธื•ืกืึทืก, ืกื˜ื•ืคึผืขืจ, ืจื™ื ื’ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจืึทื•ื–ื™ื ืึทืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜.

ืžื™ื™ึทื›ืœ ื•ื•ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื“ืึธื•ืก: ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื”ืึธืœืฆืงื•ื™ืœืŸ, ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื ืึทืก ื“ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึธื•ืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืกืึทืœื™ืŸ, ืกืึธื“ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื™ืงืึทืจื‘ืึธื ืึทื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก.

ืจื™ื™ ืก ืกื™ื ื“ืจืึธื•ื ืคืืจื“ื™ื ื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ึทื˜ - ืึท ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ืงืจืขื ืง ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทืงื•ื˜ืข ืขื ืกืขืคืึทืœืึธืคึผืึทื˜ื”ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคืขื˜ ื“ื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื–ืึทืš ืงืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึทืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื”ื™ืฅ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืจืึทื ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข. ืคื•ืŸ 1981 ืฆื• 1997, 1207 ืงืึทืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ ืก ืกื™ื ื“ืจืึธื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 18 ื™ืืจ ืึทืœื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืืœื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื•. ืขืก. ืกืขื ื˜ืขืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ืกืขืึทืกืข ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืขื•ื•ืขื ื˜ื™ืึธืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™, 93% ื’ืขืžืืœื“ืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืจืึทื ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึธื ืกืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ ืก ืกื™ื ื“ืจืึธื•ื, ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืึธืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืจืขืกืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข, ื˜ืฉื™ืงืขื ืคึผืึธืงืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ืœืฉืœ.

ืขืก ืงื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก:

  • 5-6 ื˜ืขื’ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืึธื ืกืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจืึทืœ ืงืจืขื ืง (ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืขื ืคึผืึธืงืก - 4-5 ื˜ืขื’ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืกืฉื™ื˜), ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืขืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ื ื’, ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ึทืกื˜ื™ืง ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืก (ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœื“ ืœืขื˜ื”ืึทืจื’ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ืฃ ืงืึธืžืึทื˜ืึธื–ืขืจ ืžืึทืฆืขื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึผื™ืกืึธื•ื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืกื™ื™ืงืึธื•ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ).
  • ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ 3 ื™ืืจ ืึทืœื˜, ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืขื ืง ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขืกืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ, ื“ืจืึทื•ื–ื™ื ืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืึทืœืฉืึทื ื–, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคืึธื ื˜ืึทื ืึทืœ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜.
  • ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืึทืคึผื™ืข, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืฆื™ืขื ื˜ 'ืก ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืจืึทืคึผืึทื“ืœื™ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ืจื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฅ: ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืึทื˜ืึธื–ืขืจ ืžืึทืฆืขื•ื•, ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืึทืœืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืกืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืึทืจืขืกื˜.
  • ืœืขื‘ืขืจ ื™ื ืœืึทืจื“ื–ืฉืžืึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ 40% ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืกืขืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื–ืฉืึธื ื“ืึทืก ืื™ื– ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ.
  • ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ AST, ALT ืื•ืŸ ืึทืžืึธื•ื ื™ืึท ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืกืขืจื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ื™ืขื ืฅ ืื™ื– ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ.

ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ื“ืขื? ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืฉื•ื˜: ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ ืึทืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืœื•, ืžื™ื–ืขืœืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืขื ืคึผืึธืงืก. ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืจืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืจื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื’ ืึทืกืขื˜ื™ืœืกืึทืœื™ืกื™ืœื™ืง ื–ื•ื™ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ 12 ื™ืืจ ืึทืœื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืกืขื˜ื™ืœืกืึทืœื™ืกื™ืœื™ืง ื–ื•ื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืกืขื˜ืึทืžืึธืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ื‘ื•ืคึผืจืึธืคืขืŸ. ืจื•ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ: ื•ื•ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ื ื’, ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืงืึธืคึผื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืœืขื˜ื”ืึทืจื’ื™, ื™ืจื™ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™, ื“ืขืœื™ืจื™ื•ื, ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆืจื”, ืฉื™ื™ื’ืขืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื’ืก, ืงืึธืžืึทื˜ืึธื–ืขืจ ืžืึทืฆืขื•ื•.

ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืงืขื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืข, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉื”.

ื–ืขืงืกื˜ ืึธืจื˜

ื˜ืฉืึทื“ ื“ื™ื™ืึทืงืกื™ื™ื“ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืงืขืจื™ ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื–

ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข ืึธื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืฉืึทื“ ื“ื™ื™ืึทืงืกื™ื™ื“. ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืจืคืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜! ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 0,04% ื˜ืฉืึทื“ ื“ื™ื™ืึทืงืกื™ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜ - ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš, ืขืก ืื™ื– 20 ืžืืœ ืžืขืจ ืึทืจื’ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜.

ื—ื•ืฅ ืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืก, ื˜ืฉืึทื“ ื“ื™ื™ืึทืงืกื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืงืึทืžื‘ืึทืกื˜ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืคื™ื–ื™ื– ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ - ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื ื™ื˜-ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข (ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ).

ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 0,1% (ื“ืขื ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉืึทื“ ื“ื™ื™ืึทืงืกื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืžืืœ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื’ืึทืกื™ื˜ื™ืขืก), ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืคื™ืœืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืš, ื“ืจืึทื•ื–ื™ - ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืคึผืขืœืฅ ืึท ืึทื ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืึธื ื˜ืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขื ืขืฅ? ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืฆื• 7-10%, ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ, ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืงืึธืคึผืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืœ, ื’ืขื”ืขืจ ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ื–ื™ื™ืŸ (ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืš ืงืจืขื ืง), ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ, ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึท ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“. ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื”.

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœื•ืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื– ืื™ื– ื™ื ื›ื™ื™ืœื“, ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืึทืงืขืจื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืกืคื™ืงืฉืึทืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืึทืงืกื™ืึท.

ื™ื ื›ื™ื™ืœื“ ืœื•ืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืึทื– ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืœืึทื ื’-ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก. ื ืึธืš ืจื™ืžื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืึทื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืš ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉืึทื“ ื“ื™ื™ืึทืงืกื™ื™ื“, ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืึทืงืขืจื–.

ืงืึทืจื‘ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืึทืงืกื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš 1,5 ืžืืœ ื›ืขื•ื•ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜ - ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงื™ื•ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ.

ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ื™ืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, %ื ื•ืฆืขืจื ืึทืžืข%!

ืคื™ื ืคื˜ ืึธืจื˜

ืฆื•ืงืขืจื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืงืขืจื™ ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื–

ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื•ืงืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™. ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ืึธืœื™ื•ื•ืึทืจ - ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึธืŸ: ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™, ืขืก ื”ืื˜ ืงืœื™ื™ืžื“ ืฆื• ืคื™ืœืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ืฆื•ืงืขืจ (ืžืขืจ ื’ืขื ื•ื™, ื’ืœื•ืงืึธื•ืก) ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื•ื ื“ื– - ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทื‘ื–ืึธืจื‘ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื‘. ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ืงืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, %username%!

ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืฆื•ืงืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ืง ื“ืึธื–ืข - 50% ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทืฅ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืขืกืŸ 30 ื’ / ืงื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืงืขืจ (ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ ืขืก). ืื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ื ืึธืš ืึท ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื‘ืึทืŸ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ืืจืง ืื™ืŸ 2014, ื•ื•ื• ืึทืœืข ื—ื•ืœืืชืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ืงืขืจ: ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ืขืจืฉื•ื•ืึทื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืึทื˜ืึทืง. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜: ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื›ืขืžื™ืฉืขืจ ื–ื™ืกื•ื•ืึทืจื’?

ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ืฆื•ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก (ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ - ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืึธืกืขืก). ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืกืึทืžื•ื ื’ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœืขืคื™ืขืจืขืš ืงื ืึทืคึผ:

  • ื“ืขืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื• ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืงืขืจื™ ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื–
  • ื’ืึทืกื˜ืจืึธื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืกื˜ืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ื™ืกืึธืจื“ืขืจืก.

ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืžืช ืกื. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืงืขืจืงืจืขื ืง. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ื›ืขืžื™ืงืขืจ, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ. ืึทื– ืฆื•ืงืขืจืงืจืขื ืง ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก, ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, % username%, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜:

  • ืคึผืึธืœื™ื•ืจื™ืึท ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืคึผื™ืฉืขื›ืฅ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืกืžืึธื˜ื™ืง ื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ืฉืขื›ืฅ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืœื•ืงืึธื•ืก ืฆืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืก (ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืงืึธื•ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืฉืขื›ืฅ). ืžืึทื ื™ืคืขืกื˜ืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึธืคื˜, ืฉืขืคืขื“ื™ืง ื•ืจื™ื ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื ืึทื›ื˜.
  • ืคึผืึธืœื™ื“ื™ืคึผืกื™ืึท (ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืึทื ื˜ ืึทื ืงื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื“ืึธืจืฉื˜) ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืœืึธืกืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืฉืขื›ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืึธืกืžืึธื˜ื™ืง ื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜.
  • ืคึผืึธืœื™ืคืึทื’ื™ืึท - ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ื™ื ืกื™ื™ืฉืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืžืขื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœื™ืง ื“ื™ืกืึธืจื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืงืขืจืงืจืขื ืง, ื ื™ื™ืžืœื™ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืœื– ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฆื™ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื’ืœื•ืงืึธื•ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืกืึทืœืึทืŸ (ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืขืคืข).
  • ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ (ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ื™ืคึผ 1 ืฆื•ืงืขืจืงืจืขื ืง) ืื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธื ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืงืขืจืงืจืขื ืง, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืก ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืึทืคึผืขื˜ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ื™ืขื ืฅ. ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ (ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื’ื–ืึธืกื˜ืฉืึทืŸ) ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืงืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึธืœื™ืกื ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขื™ื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืฅ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื™ืงืกืงืœื•ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืงืึธื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืžืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืœื–.
  • ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก: ื™ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ืงืึทืก ืžืขืžื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื–, ื˜ืจื•ืงืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ, ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ ืžื•ืกืงืœ ืฉื•ื•ืึทื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืงืึธืคึผื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ื™ื ืคืœืึทืžืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ื”ื•ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืžื™ื™ึทื›ืœ, ื‘ืœืขืจื“ ื–ืขืื•ื ื’.

- ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฆื•ืงืขืจ!

ืฆื•ืงืขืจืงืจืขื ืง ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ึทื›ืœ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืขืกืŸ ื–ื™ืกื•ื•ืึทืจื’, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืงืจืขื ืง, ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื ื™ืจ ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ, ื ืขืจื•ื• ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ, ื“ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืขื ืข ืฆื•ืงืขืจืงืจืขื ืง ืคึฟื™ืก - ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืขืก , ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก.

ืคืขืจื˜ ืึธืจื˜

ื˜ื™ืฉ ื–ืึทืœืฅื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืงืขืจื™ ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื–

"ื–ืึทืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืงืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืก ืฉื•ื ืื™ื," ืจืขื›ื˜? ื ื•, ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืืš ื–ืืœืฅ ื ืืš ืฆื•ืงืขืจ.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื™ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืขืกื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืึธืŸ ื–ืึทืœืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืžื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืขืก ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขืš ืคึผืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฆืŸ: ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธื“ื™ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจื™ืŸ, ืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ืžืงื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืืจืฃ.

ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื–ืึทืœืฅ ืคึผืขืจืคืึธืจืžื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ-ื–ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ, ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืง ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึทืœืฅ - ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืฆื• ืงื™ื“ื ื™ื–, 3 ื’ / ืงื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ืฉื•ืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ 12,5 ื’ / ืงื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ .

ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื™ื– ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืœืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ-ื–ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืึธื’, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื ื™ืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ, ืึท ืฉืึทืจืฃ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืจื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜.

ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื™ื– ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืขืกืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื–ืึทืœืฅ (ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ืึท ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืคืึธื“ืขืจืŸ - ื’ื•ื˜, ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืึทืจื“), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ "ืึธื•ื•ืขืจื“ืึธืกืขืก" ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืึทืœืฅ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืฅ: ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืึทื– ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื™ื ื’ ื–ืึทืœืฅ ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ืง ืฆื• 1 ืœืขืคืขืœืข ืคึผืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคึผืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืจืึทื“ื•ืกืึทื– ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืจื•ืง ืฆื• 8 ืžื ื”ื’. ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืงื“ืจืึทืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืขืจื˜ืขื ืฉืึทืŸ ืึทืคืขืงืฅ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ AIDS ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทืง, ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึทื– ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื™ื ื’ ื–ืึทืœืฅ ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ืง ืื™ื– ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื ื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง ื ื™ืฆืœ ืžืึธืก.

ืคืจื™ื™ื– ื“ืจื™ื™! ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืึธืจื˜

ืงืึทืคื™ืŸื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืงืขืจื™ ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื–

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ. ืงืึทื•ื•ืข, ื˜ื™ื™, ืงืึธืœืึท, ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ - ืึทืœืข ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืงืึทืคื™ืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ื’ืœืขื–ืœืขืš ืงืื•ื•ืข ื”ืืกื˜ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ? ื‘ืฉืขืช ืื™ืš ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื, ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื˜ืึทืงืข ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ...

ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, 1,3,7-ื˜ืจื™ืžืขื˜ื”ื™ืœืงืกืึทื ื˜ื”ื™ื ืข, ื’ื•ืึทืจืึทื ื™ืŸ, ืงืึทืคื™ืŸ, ืžืึทื˜ืขื™ื ืข, ืžืขื˜ื”ื™ืœื˜ื”ืขืึธื‘ืจืึธืžื™ื ืข, ื˜ื”ื™ื ืข - ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื–ืึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœ, ื ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื ืขืžืขืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธืคื˜ ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ: "ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ื’ืจืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืคื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ - ื“ืึธืจื˜ ... "ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง!" ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™: ืื™ืŸ 1819 ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืขืจ ื›ืขืžื™ืงืขืจ Ferdinand Runge, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืœืึธืคืŸ, ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทืœืงืึทืœื•ื™ื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจื•ืคึฟืŸ ืงืึทืคื™ืŸ (ืื’ื‘, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ: ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืงืœืึธืจื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ื™ืกื™ื ืคืขืงื˜ืึทื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึทื ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืขืก). ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ 1827, Udri ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ืึทืœืงืึทืœื•ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืขืก ื˜ื™ื™ื ืข. ืื• ืŸ ืื™ ืŸ ื™ื ืจ 1838 ื”ืื‘ ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืื‘ืกื˜ ืŸ ืื• ืŸ ื’ืด ื™ ืžื•ืœื“ืขืจ , ื–ื™ ืš ื‘ืืœืฒื“ื™ืง ื˜ ืื•ื™ ืฃ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ , ืื• ืŸ ื‘ืืฐื™ื–ืŸ , ื“ ื™ ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ ืง ืคื• ืŸ ื–ืฒ ืŸ ืื• ืŸ ืงืืคื™ืŸ . ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืคื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืœื•ืกื™ื“ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 1902 ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš Hermann Emil Fischer, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฆื• ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืš ืกื™ื ื˜ืึทืกื™ื™ื– ืงืึทืคื™ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ึผื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ XNUMX ื“ืขื ื ืึธื‘ืขืœึพืคึผืจืฒึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื›ืขืžื™ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื•ืฒึทื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืง โ€” ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืื™ื– ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืื•ื ืขืŸ!

50% ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ 140 ืžื’ / ืงื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืคื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืกื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืึทืงื•ื˜ืข ืจืขื ืึทืœ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ, ืขืงืœ, ื•ื•ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ื ื’, ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ื›ืขืžืขืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื–, ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืจื™ื˜ื ื“ื™ืกื˜ืขืจื‘ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืึทืœืฉืึทื ื–. ืึท ืคึผืจื™ืงืจืข ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ื™ืึธ.

ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืกืขืก, ืงืึทืคื™ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืกื˜ื™ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขื– ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื - ื ื•, ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš. ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึทืœืึธื ื’ื“ ื ื•ืฆืŸ, ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืึทืคืŸ ืžื™ืœื“ ืึธืคืขื ื’ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ - ื˜ื”ืขื™ืกื.

ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืคื™ืŸ, ืงืึทืจื“ื™ืึทืง ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฅ, ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืจื•ืง ืจื™ืกืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 40 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื– ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืคึผืึทืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืš 3-6 ืฉืขื” ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืคื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื– ืึทื•ื•ืขืง: ืžื™ื“ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืœืขื˜ื”ืึทืจื’ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืงืจื™ืกื˜ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜. ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ.

ื ื ื•ื“ื ืข ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืคืขืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืคื™ืŸ.ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืงืึธื•ืกื˜ื™ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืคื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึทื“ืขื ืึธืกื™ื ืข ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื– (A1 ืื•ืŸ A2) ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจืขื‘ืจืึทืœ ืงืึธืจื˜ืขืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืงืึธืจื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ืคืึธืจืžื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขื– ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ืึทื“ืขื ืึธืกื™ื ืข ืคื™ืขืกืขืก ื“ื™ ืจืึธืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ื ืขื•ืจืึธื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขื– ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืึทื’ืึธื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื™ื ืคืœื•ืึทื ืกื™ื ื’ ืึทื“ืขื ืึธืกื™ื ืข ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื– ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ืึธืคึผืœืึทืกืžื™ืง ืžืขืžื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ืจืึทื ื–. ืขืงืกื™ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผ I ืึทื“ืขื ืึธืกื™ื ืข ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื– (A1) ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทื“ืขื ืึธืกื™ื ืข ื– ืึท ืคืึทืจืงืœืขื ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืจืš ืกืขืœื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื ืึทื‘ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜. ื‘ืœืึทืงื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ A1-ืึทื“ืขื ืึธืกื™ื ืข ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื– ื”ืขืœืคึผืก ืฆื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื›ื™ื‘ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืขื ืึธืกื™ื ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืงืœื™ื ื™ืงืึทืœื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ึทืกื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืงืึทืคื™ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืขืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืึทืจืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– A1-ืึทื“ืขื ืึธืกื™ื ืข ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืš, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืœืึทืงืก A2-ืึทื“ืขื ืึธืกื™ื ืข ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื–. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืึทืงื˜ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 2-ืึทื“ืขื ืึธืกื™ื ืข ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขื– ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืกืึทืคึผืจืขืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ 2 ื“ืึทืคึผืึทืžื™ื™ืŸ ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื–. ืงืึทืคื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ A2-ืึทื“ืขื ืึธืกื™ื ืข ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื– ื”ืขืœืคึผืก ื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ 2 ื“ืึทืคึผืึทืžื™ื™ืŸ ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืš ืงืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืงืึธื•ืกื˜ื™ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฅ, ืงืึทืคื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ืขืคึผืขืก ื“ืึธืจื˜. ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื™ืึทื˜ืขืก. ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ LSD. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืงืฉืึทืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืœ, ื˜ื”ืขื™ืกื ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ืึทื“ื™ืงืฉืึทืŸ (ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืคื™ืœืข ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืœื™ื‘ื”ืื‘ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ).

ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืคื™ืŸ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ - ืึทื‘ื“ืึธืžื™ื ืึทืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ื™ื™ึทื’ืขืก, ื’ื™ื™ึทืกื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื•ื ื’, ื“ืขืœื™ืจื™ื•ื (ื“ื™ืกืกืึธืกื™ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข), ื“ื™ื›ื™ื™ื“ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื˜ืึทื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทืจื“ื™ืึท, ืขืจื™ื“ืžื™ืึท, ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืขืจื˜ื”ืขืจืžื™ืึท, ืึธืคื˜ ื•ืจื™ื ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ืงืึธืคึผื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื˜ืึทืงื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืกืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™, ื˜ืจืขืžืขืจื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืกืงืœ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’; ืขืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ื ื’, ืžืืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜; ืจื™ื ื’ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ, ืขืคึผื™ืœืขืคึผื˜ื™ืง ืกื™ื–ืฉืขืจื– (ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงื•ื˜ืข ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื“ืึธื•ืก - ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขื›ืฅ-ืงืœืึธื ื™ืง ืกื™ื–ืฉืขืจื–).

ืงืึทืคื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 300 ืžื’ ืคึผืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ (ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ื–ื™ื“ืœืขืŸ - ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 4 ื˜ืขืคึผืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืงืึทื•ื•ืข, 150 ืžืœ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ) ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ึทื’ืขืก, ืงืึธืคึผื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ื˜ืจืขืžืขืจ, ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื“ื™ืึทืง ื“ื™ืกืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ 150-200 ืžื’ ืคึผืขืจ ืงื™ืœืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธื’, ืงืึทืคื™ืŸ ื– ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื ื˜.

ืึทื–ื•ื™, ืคืึทืจืฉื™ืœื˜ืŸ ืขืก, ื•ื•ื• ืื™ื– ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทื•ื•ืข?

ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืึธืจื˜

ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืงืขืจื™ ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื–

ื ื•, ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ืกืžืึธื•ืงื™ื ื’. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืกื, ืื•ื™ืš. ืื‘ืขืจ ืœืืžื™ืจ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืกืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ.

ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ืกืึทื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืกืขื ืกื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืคืึทืจืกืึทืžื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื’ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ 1850, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืจืืฃ ื‘ืึธืงืึทืจืžืข ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœืึธื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืกืึทืžื•ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ 'ืก ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœื’ื™ื™ืฉืขืจ ื›ืขืžื™ืงืขืจ Jean Servais Stas ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืงื˜ืึทื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืงืึธื ืกื•ืœื˜ืึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ, ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืกืึทืžื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ืึท ืžืขื˜ืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœืงืึทืœื•ื™ื“ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ืง ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก, ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ื›ืขืžื™ืข. .

ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคื•ื™ืœ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืืงืื ื˜.

ืึทืžืึธืœ ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ, ืขืก ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืกืคึผืจืขื“ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ึทื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜-ืžืึทืจืš ืฉืœืึทื‘ืึทืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ืžื•ื—. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš, 7 ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืขืก ื ืึธืš ื™ื ื›ื™ื™ืœื“ ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืง ืจื•ื™ืš ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืš. ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืœื‘-ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฉืขื”. ื“ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ื™ื ื›ื™ื™ืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืง ืจื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกืžืึธื•ืงื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืึธื›ืฆืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืง ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ (ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืข ื‘ืจืขื ื˜, ืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ). ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืึทื‘ื–ืึธืจื‘ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกืžืึธื•ืงื™ื ื’ ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื™ืœืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืง, ืฆื™ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื™ื ื›ื™ื™ืœื“, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ ืึท ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜. ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืฉื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืื‘ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขืง, ื•ื•ืืก ืžืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืงื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉื˜ ืื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื ืื–, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื ื™ืงืื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืงืขืจืคืขืจ ืืกืืš ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืจื•ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืง. ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžืขื˜ืึทื‘ืึธืœื™ื–ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ืึธื˜ืฉืจืึธืžืข ืคึผ450 ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื (ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ CYP2A6, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš CYP2B6). ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžืขื˜ืึทื‘ืึธืœื™ื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืงืึธื˜ื™ื ื™ืŸ.

ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขื– ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืึทืœ. ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืืงื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ื ื™ืง ืึทืกืขื˜ื™ืœื˜ืฉืึธืœื™ื ืข ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื–: ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธื ืึทื˜ืขื“ ื ื™ื˜ืจืึธื’ืขืŸ ืึทื˜ืึธื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืจืจืึธืœื™ื“ื™ื ืข ืจื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืžื™ืงืก ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทื˜ืขืจื ืขืจื™ ื ื™ื˜ืจืึธื’ืขืŸ ืึทื˜ืึธื ืื™ืŸ ืึทืกืขื˜ื™ืœื˜ืฉืึธืœื™ื ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืข ื ื™ื˜ืจืึธื’ืขืŸ ืึทื˜ืึธื ื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœื•ื™ืก ื‘ืึทื–ืข, ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื™ืขืจืฉื˜ืึธืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขื˜ืึธ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึทืกืขื˜ื™ืœื˜ืฉืึธืœื™ื ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืขืก ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืื›ืŸ, ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื™ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื”ืึธืจืžืึธื ืข ืึทื“ืจืขื ืึทืœื™ื ืข (ืขืคึผื™ื ืขืคืจื™ื ืข). ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืจืขื ืึทืœืึทืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืงื•ืจืก, ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืจื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื’ืœื•ืงืึธื•ืก ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก.

ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผืึทื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขื– ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืœืึทื ื˜ืฉื ื™ืง ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทื“ืจืขื ืึทืœ ืžืขื“ื•ืœืœืึท, ืกื˜ื™ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืจืขื ืึทืœื™ื ืข. ืึทืกืขื˜ื™ืœื˜ืฉืึธืœื™ื ืข ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืจืขื’ืึทื ื’ืœื™ืึธื ื™ืง ืกื™ืžืคึผืึทื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง ืคื™ื™ื‘ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขืก ืืงื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ื ื™ืง ืึทืกืขื˜ื™ืœื˜ืฉืึธืœื™ื ืข ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื–, ืงืึธื–ื™ื ื’ ืฆืขืœ ื“ืขืคึผืึธืœืึทืจื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœืกื™ื•ื ื™ื ืคืœืึทืงืก ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ืึธื•ืœื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉ-ื’ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืงืึทืœืกื™ื•ื ื˜ืฉืึทื ืึทืœื–. ืงืึทืœืกื™ื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื’ืขืจื– ืขืงืกืึธืกื™ื˜ืึธืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉืจืึธืžืึทืคื™ืŸ ื’ืจืึทื ื™ืึทืœื–, ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึทืžืึธื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืจืขื ืึทืœื™ื ืข (ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจืขืคึผื™ื ืขืคืจื™ื ืข) ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜.

ื”ืื‘ ืื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืื’ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื— ืขืจื’ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ืงืื˜ื™ืŸ? ื™ื? ื ื•, ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื ื–ืื›ืŸ.

ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืื›ืŸ, ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื– ื“ืึทืคึผืึทืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืš ืก ื‘ืึทืœื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืกืขื ื˜ืขืจืก. ืกืžืึธื•ืงื™ื ื’ ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื ื›ื™ื‘ืึทื˜ ืžืึธื ืึธืึทืžื™ื ืข ืึธืงืกื™ื“ืึทืกืข, ืึทืŸ ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืžืึธื ืึธืึทืžื™ื ืข ื ืขื•ืจืึธื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขืจืก (ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึทืคึผืึทืžื™ื™ืŸ) ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืš. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื– ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžืึธื ืึธืึทืžื™ื ืข ืึธืงืกื™ื“ืึทืกืข; ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืง ืจื•ื™ืš ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืคึผืึทืžื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืงืกื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืš; ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืžืึทืจืš ืกืขื ื˜ืขืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ "ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ"; ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ ืึท ืกืžืึธื•ืงื™ื ื’ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื ืขืžื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืคืŸ.

ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ืกืึทื˜ื™, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžื“ ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืกืขืก (ืœืžืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจืš ืกืžืึธื•ืงื™ื ื’), ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืกื™ื™ืงืึธื•ืกื˜ื™ืžื•ืœืึทื ื˜. ื“ื™ ื™ืคืขืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืึธื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืงืึธื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืจืขื ืึทืœื™ื ืข (ืขืคึผื™ื ืขืคืจื™ื ืข) ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื“ืจืขื ืึทืœ ืžืขื“ื•ืœืœืึท, ื“ืึธืก ื– ื™ืงืกื™ื™ื˜ืžืึทื ื˜. ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืจื•, ืจื•ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืึทื“ืขืจืึทื˜ืœื™ ื™ื•ืคืึธืจื™ืง ืฉื˜ืึทื˜.

ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ, ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื™ื ื’ ืึทืคึผืขื˜ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื™ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ POMC ื ื•ืจืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื’ืœื•ืงืึธื•ืก ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก (ื’ืœื•ืงืึธื•ืก, ืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื–ืึทื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืกืขื ื˜ืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทืกืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืš, ื“ืึทืœื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ). ืืžืช, ืึท ืฆื•ื˜ืจื™ื˜ืœืขืš, ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ "ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืขืกืŸ ืฆื• ืคื™ืœ" ื“ื™ืขื˜ืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจ ื™ืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™.

ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜. ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื:

  • ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืขืจื•ื• ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื–
  • ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ืขื ืœืขืš ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืึทื ืกื™ื–, ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทื“ื™ืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืงื˜ื™ื•ื•.

ืื’ื‘, ืคืืฆื™ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืกื™ื›ืืœืื’ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ืกืึธืจื“ืขืจืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืงืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืกืžืึธื•ืงื™ื ื’ (ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ืจื•ื™ืš? - ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืกื™ื™ืงื™ืึทื˜ืขืจ: ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ - ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ-ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืึธื ืขืก). ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืึทื– ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกื˜ืฉื™ื–ืึธืคืจืขื ื™ืึท ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืžืกืชึผืžื ืฆื• ืจื•ื™ืš (20 ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ 7593 ืคึผืึทื˜ื™ืขื ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืกื˜ืฉื™ื–ืึธืคืจืขื ื™ืึท, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ 62% ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกืžืึธื•ืงืขืจื–). ื–ื™ื ื˜ 2006, 80% ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกื˜ืฉื™ื–ืึธืคืจืขื ื™ืึท ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืš, ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ 20% ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทื ืกืžืึธื•ืงืขืจื– (ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื• NCI). ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทืกืึทื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทื“ื™ืงืฉืึทืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ืขืก ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœื  ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืึธืจื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœื  ื“ื™ ื ืขื’ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ื™ืคืขืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื™ืคึผืกื™ื˜ืฉืึธื˜ื™ืงืก. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทืกืึทืก, ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ืกืจืึทืคึผืฅ ื“ื™ ืคึผืกื™ื›ื™ืง.

ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทืœื˜ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืง ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืก. ืึทืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื ืขื•ืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืกื™ืŸ, ืงืึธื–ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขื– ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื (ืจืขืกืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืึทืจืขืกื˜, ื•ืคื”ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื“ื™ืึทืง ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื˜ื•ื™ื˜). ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื“ืึธื–ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื•ืžืึทื ื– ืื™ื– 0,5-1 ืžื’ / ืงื’, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจืึทืฅ - 140 ืžื’ / ืงื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื˜, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžื™ืกืข - 0,8 ืžื’ / ืงื’ ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื ืึทืกืœื™ ืื•ืŸ 5,9 ืžื’ / ืงื’ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ืึทืกื˜ืขืจื“ ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื˜ืึธื ืขืึทืœืœื™. ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืกืึทืžื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ื ืกืขืงืฅ, ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืœื™ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ื™ื ืกืขืงื˜ื™ืกื™ื“ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ื–, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื™ืžื™ื“ืึทืงืœืึธืคึผืจื™ื“, ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜.

ืœืื ื’-ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ื—ื•ืœืืชืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื™ืคึผืขืจื’ืœื™ืกืขืžื™ืึท, ืึทืจื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืขืจื˜ืขื ืฉืึทืŸ, ืึทื˜ืขืจืึธื•ืกืงืœืขืจืึธื•ืกื™ืก, ื˜ืึทื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทืจื“ื™ืึท, ืขืจื™ื“ืžื™ืึท, ืึทื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื™ื ืึท ืคึผืขืงื˜ืึธืจื™ืก, ืงืึธืจืึทื ืขืจื™ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืงืจืขื ืง ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ.

ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ืกืึทื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืžืœื™:

  • ืกืžืึธื•ืงื™ื ื’ ื˜ืึทืจืก ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทืง, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืจืึทืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฆื•ื ื’, ืœืึทืจืขื ืงืก, ืขืกืึธืคืึทื’ื•ืก, ืžืึธื’ืŸ, ืืื–"ื• ื•.
  • ื•ื ื”ื™ื’ื™ืขื ื™ืง ืกืžืึธื•ืงื™ื ื’ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื ื’ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก.
  • ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืงืึทืžื‘ืึทืกื˜ืฉืึทืŸ (ื˜ืฉืึทื“ ืžืึทื ืึทืงืกื™ื™ื“) - ื ื•, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ, ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืึธืคึผื•ืก
  • ื“ืขืคึผืึทื–ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ - ืกืžืึธื•ืงืขืจ ืก ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื”ื•ืกื˜, ื‘ืจืึธื ื˜ืฉื™ื˜ื™ืก, ืขืžืคื™ืกืขืžืึท ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื ื’ ืจืึทืง.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืžืึธื•ืงื™ื ื’ ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ 100% ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ืกืึทื– - ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจืก, ื”ืึธืึธืงืึทื”ืก, ืืื–"ื• ื•, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜.

ื•ื•ืึทืคึผืขืจืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืขืŸ - ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื™ื– ืคึผืฉื•ื˜:

  • ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื•ืžืฉืขื“ืœืขืš ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืœื™ืกืขืจื™ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ - ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ืžืฉืขื“ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืขืกื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข! ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ืกืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทืกืึทื– ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืคึผื™ืจืึธืœื™ืกื™ืก ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื•ื•ืึทืคึผื™ื ื’. ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ (ืึทืžืึธืœ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ะธ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ), ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื•.
    ื˜ืฉืขืง ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืงืขืจื™ ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื–
  • ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ืึทื– ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืขืกื˜ืึทืกื™ื™ื“. ื–ื™ื ื˜ 2014, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ืึทืงืœื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ; ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ืจืืคืขื™ืฉืข ื™ื•ื ื™ืึทืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื ื˜ 2009. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืžื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื ืึท ...
    ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ, ืคืึทืจืžืึทืกื•ื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ (ืคืึทืจืžืึท ื’ืจืึทื“ืข, USP / PhEur ืึธื“ืขืจ USP / EP) ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืง. ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ื™ื ืกืขืงื˜ื™ืกื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื ืึท. ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ึทื˜: ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ? ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ืึทืคึผืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉืคึผืึทืก, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืœื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ. ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ืึทืจืึทืงืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืขื ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผื™ื•ืจืึทื˜ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง-ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฅ, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ. ืื™ื– ืขืก ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง?

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ืขืจ! ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ! ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜

ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœื“ ื™ ื˜ืฉืึทืคืืขืฐื™ื˜ ืŸ ื”ืื‘ ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขื›ืืค ื˜ ื“ ื™ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืขืก , ืคื• ืŸ ื“ ื™ ืฐืฒืืข .
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ื’ื–ืึทืžืึทื ื“ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึธื•ืคื™ื–, ื•ื•ืึทืกื™ืœื™ ื™ื•ื•ืึทื ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืงืึท ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืึท ื˜ืึทื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ.
ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืฉื™ืงืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื—ืชืžืขื˜ C2N5-ON, ื›ืึธื•ืคึผื™ื ื’
ืื– ื“ื™ ืงืขืžืคืขืจ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื’ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืขืžื™ืข. ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ "ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืกืึธืœ."
ื˜ืฉืึทืคึผืึทืขื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื•ื•ืขืงื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜:
โ€• ืฐื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืก ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ?
โ€• ื™ืึธ, ืคึผืฉื•ื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึทื ืง - ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืึท ืœืึธืš ืื•ืŸ "ืึธื”." ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคืจื•ื•ื•ื˜ ืขืก - ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ื!

ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ืงืึธืœืึธื’ื™ - ืึท ืคืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ืง ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืข ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ (ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ) ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื. ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืึทืจืึทื’ืจืึทืคืก.

ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜. ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื’ืข ื›ืœื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืจืžืขื ื˜ืขื“ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืคึฟืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืขื•ื•ืจื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืขืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืึธืœื™ื˜ื”ื™ืง ื˜ืงื•ืคืข. ื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื•ืœื“ืึทืกื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืจืึทื ืขืึทืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืึทื˜ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื˜ื•ืึทืœื–, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœืขืš ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ (ื–ืขืŸ ืขื•ื˜ืฉืึทืจื™ืกื˜). ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืื•ืงืกืŸ ื˜ื•ื•ื•ืข (ื’ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ, ืงืึธืจืŸ), ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ ื™ื•ื-ื˜ื•ื‘ึฟ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื ืง.

ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™-ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืงืึธื•ืก ืžืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื, ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 0,01% ืขื ื“ืึธื’ืขื ืึธื•ืก ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ.

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื, ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ:

  • ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ืก ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขื– ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื - ื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืกืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ
  • ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืึทื ื’ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจ

ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ื– ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ืคืึทืกืึทื˜ื™ื“ ืึทื– ืขืก ืคืืจื“ื™ื ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ. ืื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืš ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ...

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื– ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืจืึทื ืึทื•ื ืกื˜ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ืึธื˜ืจืึธืคึผื™, ืึทืงื™ื•ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืš ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜. ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื“ืึธืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืฆื™ื ื’ืœ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื‘ืึท ื™ื ื›ื™ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืš, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ื‘ืึทืจื•ืขื›ืฅ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’, ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื•ืกืงืœ ืึธืคึผืจื•, ืกื•ืžื ืึธืœืขื ืกืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืคืึธืจื™ืึท (ืึท ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืกืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ). ื’ืขื ืขื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ GABA ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื– ืงืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืŸ ืกืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืฆื• ืึทืœืงืึทื›ืึธืœื™ื–ืึทื.

ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคึผืจืึทื ืึทื•ื ืกื˜ ืึทืงื˜ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืคึผืึทืžื™ื™ืŸ ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื– ืื™ื– ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ืึทืงื•ืžื‘ืขื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœ ื˜ืขื’ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืš. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืึธื ืขืก ืฆื• ื“ืึทืคึผืึทืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื– ื™ื•ืคืึธืจื™ืึท, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืึธืคืขื ื’ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื™ืึธื™ื“ ืคึผืขืคึผื˜ื™ื™ื“ื– (ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ื™ืชื-ืขื ื“ืึธืจืคื™ืŸ), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืคึผืึทืžื™ื™ืŸ. ืึธืคึผื™ืึธื™ื“ ืคึผืขืคึผื˜ื™ื™ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ืึท ืจืึธืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทื“ื•ืกื™ื ื’ ื™ื•ืคืึธืจื™ืึท.

ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ, ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืกื˜ื™ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืš ืก ืกืขืจืึทื˜ืึธื™ื ืขืจื’ื™ืง ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืขื˜ื™ืงืœื™ ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืกืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ ืฆื• ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ, ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืœืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจืึทื˜ืึธื•ื ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ืขืก.

ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ, ื“ื™ ื™ืคืขืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืš ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืึทื“ืจืขื ืึทืœืึทืŸ, ืงืึทื ื ืึทื‘ื™ื ืึธืœ, ืึทืกืขื˜ื™ืœื˜ืฉืึธืœื™ื ืข ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื–, ืึทื“ืขื ืึธืกื™ื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืง-ืจืขื’ื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ (ืœืžืฉืœ, ืงืึธืจื˜ื™ืงืึธื˜ืจืึธืคึผื™ืŸ-ืจื™ืœื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื”ืึธืจืžืึธื ืข) ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฅ, ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืคึผืจืึทื–ืขื ืฅ ืึท ื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืคืขืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜.

ืขื˜ื”ื™ืœ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืคืึทืจืกืึทืžื•ื ื’ ื”ืื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–ื’ืขื–ื™ื ื“ ืคืึทืจืกืึทืžื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื‘ืกืึธืœื•ื˜ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืก. ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 60% ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืคืึทื˜ืึทืœ ืคืึทืจืกืึทืžื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธื–ืข, ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ื– 5-8 ื’ / ืœ, ืึท ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธื–ืข ืื™ื– 4-12 ื’ / ืงื’ (ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 300 ืžืœ ืคื•ืŸ 96% ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ), ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืึทืœืงืึทื›ืึธืœื™ื–ืึทื, ื˜ืึธืœืขืจืึทื ืฅ. ืฆื• ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ.

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทืœืข ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื‘ื™ื™ืึธื•ืงืขืžืึทืกื˜ืจื™: ื“ื™ ืงื•ืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืกืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื•ืžื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ (ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื™ืกืึธืขื ื–ื™ื™ื ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ื“ืขื”ื™ื“ืจืึธื’ืขื ืึทืกืข (ADH ืึธื“ืขืจ ADH I) ืื™ื– ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืขื˜ื™ืงืœื™. ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ - ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื™ืกืึธืคืึธืจืžืก ืคื•ืŸ ADH ื”ืื˜ ืงืœืืจ ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ). ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืกืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืึธืคืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธื’, ื”ื™ื™ืš, ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ (ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืงืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทื ื ื™ื ืก, ื˜ืฉืึทื“ ื“ื™ื™ืึทืงืกื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜, ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ, ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทืกืŸ).

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ, ADH ืึทืงืกืึทื“ื™ื™ื– ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ืฆื• ืึทืกืขื˜ืึทืœื“ืขื”ื™ื“ืข ืื•ืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืงืึทืœืึธืจื™ืข ืึทืกืขื˜ื™ืง ื–ื•ื™ืขืจ - ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืฅ: "ืขืคึผืขืก ื”ืื˜ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธื•ืœื“ืขืจ - ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ" ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ื‘ื™ื™ืึธื•ืงืขืžื™ืงืึทืœ ื˜ืขืจืขืฅ: ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืงืึทืœืึธืจื™ืข ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ, ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืึทื’ืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืคืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื™ืขืจืฉื˜ืึธืฃ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืงืกืึทื“ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ (ืึท ืจื•ื™ื›ื™ืง ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืึทืœื˜ - ื’ืขื‘ืึทืงืŸ ืœื•ืคื˜ - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทืœืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ), ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ื•ื™ื“ืขืคื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ADH - ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืกืคึผืึทื–ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื ื’ืข ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ . ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ, ืึทืœืฅ ืกื˜ืึทืคึผืก ื‘ื™ื™ ืึทืกืขื˜ืึทืœื“ืขื”ื™ื“ืข - ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ืง, ืžื•ื˜ืึทื’ืขื ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจืกืึทื ืึธื•ื“ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืง ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืข. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ืึทืกืขื˜ืึทืœื“ืขื›ื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืงืึทืจืกืึทื ืึธื•ื“ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ึทืข ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืึทืžืึทื ืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืกืขื˜ืึทืœื“ืขื›ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื ืึท.

ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืœืขื’ืึทืžืจืข ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ืึทืกืขื˜ืึทืœื“ืขื›ื™ื™ื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื™ืกืขื ืฉืึทืœื™ ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง. ืžืฉืคื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš:

  • ื“ื™ืกืึธืจื“ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกื˜ืจืึธื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืกื˜ืึทื ืึทืœ ืฉืขื˜ืขืš. ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉื™ื™ึทืžืคึผืขืจืœืขืš ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืงื•ื˜ืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืœืฉืœ. ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืกืึทื•ื•ื™ืจืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ื™ืขื ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืงืึทื›ืึธืœื™ื–ืึทื. ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื’ืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžื™ื•ืงืึทืก ืžืขืžื‘ืจืึทื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืžืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ืฉืงืข, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืึทื“ืขื ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขื“ื–ืฉื•ื ื•ื. ืฉื™ืœืฉืœ ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืึทื ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทืคึผืึทื“ืœื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืœืึทืงื˜ืึทืกืข ื“ื™ืคื™ืฉืึทื ืกื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืœืขื ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทืงื˜ืึธื•ืก ื˜ืึธืœืขืจืึทื ืฅ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืึทื‘ื–ืึธืจืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืœื™ื˜ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ืฉืงืข. ืืคื™ืœื• ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืึธืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืงืจืึธื˜ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืึทื ืงืจืขืึทื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธืคื˜ ืคืึทื˜ืึทืœ. ื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกืึทื– ื“ื™ ืœื™ืงืขืœื™ื”ืึธืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ื’ืึทืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื’ืŸ ืึทืœืกืขืจื–, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึทืกื˜ืจืึธื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืกื˜ืึทื ืึทืœ ืจืึทืง.
  • ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกื˜ืจืึธื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืกื˜ืึทื ืึทืœ ืฉืขื˜ืขืš, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืึธืจื’ืึทืŸ ืกืขืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืœื™, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืึธื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ืึทืงืขืจื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขืจ - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื• ADH ื–ื™ืฆื˜. ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืคืขืก ืื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ื’ื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ. ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธื–ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ, ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืฉืึทื ื˜ ื ืขืงืจืึธืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืคึผืึทื˜ืึธืกื™ื˜ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜. ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึทืœืึธื ื’ื“ ื–ื™ื“ืœืขืŸ, ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœื™ืงืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืึทื˜ืึธื”ืขืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ. ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ "ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ" ืฆื• ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ (ื“ืึธืก ืึทืงืขืจื– ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ื“ืขื”ื™ื“ืจืึธื’ืขื ืึทืกืข (ADH) ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืจืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึธืคึผืจื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ) ืึทืงืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœื™ืงืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจืึธืคื™ - ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ, %username%, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ืžื™ื™ึทืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜! ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืขืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืขืจ ืกื™ืจืจื”ืึธืกื™ืก, ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœืขืœื“ื™ืง ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ADH ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืจื™ืกืึทื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืืœื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื”ืขืคึผืึทื˜ืึธืกื™ื˜ืขืก. ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืคืึธื•ืงื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทืงืจืึธื•ืกืึทืก ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืคื™ื‘ืจืึธืกื™ืก ืื•ืŸ, ืœืขืกืึธืฃ, ืœืขื‘ืขืจ ืกืขืจืจืึธื–ืึทืก. ืกื™ืจืจื”ืึธืกื™ืก ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืก ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ 10% ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกื˜ืขืึทื˜ืึธื”ืขืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก. ืื‘ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืขืจ ...
  • ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืึท ื”ืขืžืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืกื. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืกืขืœื– (ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ื”ืขืžืึธืœื™ืกื™ืก), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ืง ื”ืขืžืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืึทื ืขืžื™ืึท. ืคื™ืœืข ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึธืจ ืงืฉืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืขืจื˜ืขื ืฉืึทืŸ. ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืžื•ืกืงืœ, ืึทืงื˜ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึธืึทื“ืจืขื ืึทืœ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืงืึธื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื˜ืขื˜ืฉืึธืœืึทืžื™ื ืขืก, ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืกืคึผืึทื–ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืึทื ืขืจื™ ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืจืึทืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืจื™ื˜ื. ื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื– ืœื“ืœ ("ืฉืœืขื›ื˜" ืงืึทืœืขืกื˜ืขืจืึทืœ) ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœื™ืงืขืจ ืงืึทืจื“ื™ืึธืžื™ืึธืคึผืึทื˜ื”ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื“ืžื™ืึทื– (ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžื™ื ื’ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 30 ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ืคึผืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’). ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืš, ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืš, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธืคื˜ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขืžื“ื™ืง ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึธืจืึทื ืขืจื™ ืึทืจื˜ืขืจื™ืข ืงืจืขื ืง.
  • ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึธืงืกื™ื“ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทืจืš ื ื•ืจืึทื ื–, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜-ืžืึทืจืš ืฉืœืึทื‘ืึทืŸ. ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืึทืœืงืึทื›ืึธืœื™ื–ืึทื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืคืึทืจืงืœืขื ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืจืš ื‘ืึทื ื“ - ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื•ืฆืœืขืš. ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึทืœืึธื ื’ื“ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ, ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ืง ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืจืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจืขื‘ืจืึทืœ ืงืึธืจื˜ืขืงืก. ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืขืžืขืจืึทื“ื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทืงืจืึธื•ืกืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืš ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืข. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ, ืงืึทืคึผืึทืœืขืจื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืš ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืจืึธืš - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืš "ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื˜".
  • ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ, ื”ื•ื™ืš ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืึทื˜ ืกืึทืงืจื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืจืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืขืจืžืข ืกืขืœื–. ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืš ืคึผืึทืกื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืกืขื ื˜ืึท, ืคึผืขื ืึทื˜ืจื™ื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœืš, ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกืึทื– ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึทื ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืึทื˜ืึทืœ ืึทื‘ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขื– ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื•ื•ื•ึผืงืก ืจื™ื˜ืึทืจื“ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

ืคื™ื™. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื–ืืš ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืงืื ื™ืืง ืฆื• ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืงืื•ื•ืข, ื ื™ื™ืŸ? ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฅ, ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื™ื– ืฉืขื“ืœืขืš. ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ?

ื“ื™ ื“ืขืคึฟื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹"ืžืขืกื™ืง ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜" ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ื™ืง ืฆื• ืจืขื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทืงื™ื•ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ. ื“ืขืคึฟื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 24 ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ืคึผืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 12 ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ื•ื•ืึธืžืขืŸ.

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึท "ืจื™ื™ืŸ" ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื ื˜ - ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืขืœื™ืžื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช - ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืงืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™. ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืก ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื”ืึทืจืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ.

ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš. ื“ืึธืก ืึทืงืฉืœื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœื™ืงื™ื™ืฅ ืึทืœืฅ.

ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื”ืึธืœื™ื•ื•ืึทืจืก? ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ื’ืึธื’ืœื™ื ื’ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ืคืขืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืžืึธืจืข, ื”ืึทืจืจื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ึท ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื! ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื›ืกืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ืขืคื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ืืจื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ืคึผืึธืœื™ืคืขื ืึธืœืก - ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ืขืคื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ - ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืŸ.

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜, ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืคื•ืœืขืจืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ืฉื˜ื•ืชื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ืขืคื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืงืื”ืืœ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืึธื“ืŸ (ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื‘ืœืขืš ื’ืขืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื”ืึธืจืžืึธื ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก).

ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื™ืฉื•ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœืขืจืึทืคื™ื™ื“, ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืขืฆื” ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ:

  • ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืงืขืจื–, ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื•ืกืึทืœ ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜.
  • ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก (ืฉื•ื•ืึทื ื’ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขืกื˜ืคื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืžืขืŸ, ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืึทื˜ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœื™ ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขืš ืžืึทืฉื™ื ืขืจื™, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึทื™ื ื“ื™ืงืึทื˜ืขื“, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึทืœืงืึทื›ืึธืœื™ื–ืึทื ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึทื›ืึธืœื™ื–ืึทื) ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜. ืคืึทืจื ื•ืฆืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 12-24 ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ืคึผืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื•ื•ื™ ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื™ื•. ืขืก. ื“ื™ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ื’ื™ื™ื“ืœื™ื™ื ื–.
  • ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืขืคื“ื™ืง ืžืขืกื™ืง ื“ืึธืกืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื“ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ.

ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืš - ื“ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืขื ืข ื“ื–ืฉ-ืฉื™ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžืึธืจื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื™ืกื‘ื™ื™ื’. ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžื“ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธืจื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœ-ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืจื™ื–ืขืžื‘ืึทืœ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• "ื“ื–ืฉ" ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืคึผื™ื ืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜: ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ื™ ืžืึธืจื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืงื•ืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ื˜ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืงืขืจื– ืื™ื– ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ, ื“ื™ ืžืึธืจื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืงื•ืจืก (ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช) ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 15-18% ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืจื– (1-2 ื•ื ื™ืฅ ืคึผืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’) ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื ื™ื˜-ื“ืจื™ื ืงืขืจืก. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช - ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื™ืึธื•ืงืขืžืึทืกื˜ืจื™ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ื• ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ึทื•ื•ืœ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืก - ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืก ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืกื™ืง ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืงืขืจื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ (ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืขื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืกื™ืงืข ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืจ ืื ื˜ื”ืืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื’ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืืœืขืกื˜ืขืจืืœ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืฆื• ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืจ, ืื– ืžืขืกื™ืงืข ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืจ ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ ืืคื˜ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉ ืืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืจ - ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื– ืืคื™ืœื• ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืืคืœืื–ืŸ ืืœืงืื”ืืœ, ื•ื•ืืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื•ื•ืขื’).

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืœืขื’ืึทืžืจืข ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืจื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™. ืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืึทืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžื“ 5 ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ื•ื ื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ื˜ืขื’ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท 30% ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืžืึธืจื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืงื•ืจืก ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžื“ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืจื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื–ืขืงืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ื•ื ื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ (ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ) ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท 57% ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืžืึธืจื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืงื•ืจืก ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืจื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ.

ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืึท ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืึธืจื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืง ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื•ืคื”ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืง ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขืกื™ืง ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืจืขื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืจื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™.

ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื›ืกืขืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึธืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉ ืคึผืึทืจืึทื“ืึธืงืก (ื“ื™ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ืžืึธืจื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืงื•ืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืจืึทื ืขืจื™ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืงืจืขื ืง ืื™ืŸ ืคึฟืจืึทื ืงืจื™ื™ึทืš) ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืกื˜ื™ื“ ืึทื– ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ื•ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜. ื“ืขื ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื™ืึทืงืกืึทื“ืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืจืึทื ืขืจื™ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืงืจืขื ืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืขื•ื•ืจื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืก? ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืึธื ื™ืึทืง? ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฅ, ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–.

ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืึทืจืžืึทืกื•ื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื•ืคึผ, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ.

  • ืคื™ืจืกื˜ืœื™, ื“ื™ ื™ืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื ืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ - ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืึธื•ืกืึทื“ื–ืฉ.
  • ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืึธื•ืงืขืžื™ืงืึทืœ ืฉื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืขื˜ืึทื ืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ. ืžื™ื™ึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’. ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืขืก ื’ืึธืจ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืคืŸ (ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืึทื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืก, ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืฃ). ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืคึฟืฉืจ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜.
  • ื“ืจื™ื˜ื ืก, ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ื‘ืึธื‘ืงืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ. ืขืจ ื–ืืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืึธืจ.

ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– (ื•ื•ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™?) ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืจื•ื’ืก ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืขืก ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’. ื ื•, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื’ืขืจ.

ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ:

  • ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืก ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืŸ (ืึทืกืขื˜ื™ืœืกืึทืœื™ืกื™ืœื™ืง ื–ื•ื™ืขืจ) ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื•ืœืกืขืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกื˜ืจื™ืง ืžื™ื•ืงืึธื•ืกืึท ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’.
  • ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ื ืขื’ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ืึทืคืขืงืฅ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืžื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืึทืคึผื™ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ, ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกื˜ืจืึธื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืกื˜ืึทื ืึทืœ ืฉืขื˜ืขืš ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืžื™ื ืก ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธืจืึทืœ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืš ืึทื‘ื–ืึธืจื‘ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืกื™ืžืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“, ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ื”ื™ืœืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคืึธืจืขื. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืืžืช ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืžื™ื ืก B1, B6, PP, B12, C, A ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืœื™ืง ื–ื•ื™ืขืจ.
  • ืกืžืึธืงื™ื ื’ ืขื ื›ืึทื ืกื™ื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ - ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึทืคึผืจืขืกื™ื ื’ ืึธืงืกื™ื“ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื•ื™ืขืจืฉื˜ืึธืฃ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ (ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทืกืขื˜ืึทืœื“ืขื›ื™ื™ื“. ื™ืึธ), ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืœืึธืก ื‘ืœืึทืงื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืงืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ.

ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฅ, ืึทืœืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืจื™ื ื’. ืฆื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึทืœืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืขืก ื’ืึธืจ.

ืก 'ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ.

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึธื–ืŸ. ืื™ืš ื”ืืฃ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืขืก ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ.

ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื ืึทืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื:
ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืคื™ืœ - ืกื, ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ - ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ.
ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื“ืขืคื“ื™ืง
ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทื“ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ...

- ืื‘ื• ืขืœื™ ื›ื•ืกื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ืืœืœื” ื‘ืŸ ืขืœ-ื—ืกืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืขืœื™ ืื‘ืŸ ืกื™ื ื” (ืื‘ื™ืกืขื ื ื)

ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง. ืกื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื™ื™ืŸื‘ื™ื˜ืข.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ?

  • ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื–

  • ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืงืขืจื™ ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื–

4 ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ื•ื•ืึธื•ื˜ืึทื“. 1 ื‘ืื ื•ืฆืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืคื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’