ื“ื™ ืจืึทืจืึทืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืขืจ, ืขืจืœืึทื ื’, ื“ืึทืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืจืึทืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ IT ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ IT ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก, ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ IT ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืžืคึผืœื•ื™ืขืจืก, ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขืš ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ. ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข IT ืžืึทืจืง.

ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’

ืฆื• ื–ืึทืžืœืขืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข, ืื™ืš ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืึทื ืกื™ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืกืงื™ืœื–, ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื–ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืงื™ืขืก. ืื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืขื“ื™ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืฃ HeadHunter, ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืžื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜. ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืึทื›ื˜ ืฉืคืจืึทื›ืŸ ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’.

ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืขืจ

ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง: ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง Stackoverflow ืื™ืŸ 2018, ืจื•ืกื˜ ืจืึทื ื’ืงื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ (ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจื•ื“ืขืจืŸ) ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื‘ืึทืœื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜ ($ 69 ืคึผืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ).
ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคืึธืœืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืจืึทืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืกืงื™ืœื–, ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 319 ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขืึทื“ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 360 ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืขื“ื™ืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 24 ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืคึผืึทื–ื™ืฉืึทื ื“ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ ืจื•ืกื˜ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขืึทื“ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ. ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื ื–, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึทื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจื•ืกื˜. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 32 ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืึธื‘ืก ืฆื• ืจื•ืกื˜ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขืึทื“ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 17 ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืขื“ื™ืŸ.

ืžื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ื ืขืžื˜ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื•ืกื˜ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ ืึทื– ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื•ืฉื ืึทื– ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืจื•ืกื˜ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกื˜ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, ืคื™ืœืข ืงืึทื ื“ืึทื“ื™ื™ืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ืขืœ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ TOR.

ืขืจืœืึทื ื’

ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง Stackoverflow ืขืจืœืึทื ื’ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืกืึธืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ื–. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื‘ืึทืœื™ื‘ืกื˜ืข ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก, ืขืจืœืึทื ื’ ืจืึทื ื’ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜, ืขืจืœืึทื ื’ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืจื•ืกื˜, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ($ 67 ืคึผืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ).

ื”ืขืึทื“ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ 67 ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืึธืคืคืขืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืœืึทื ื’. ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืขื“ื™ืŸ - 38. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื–ืึทืžื™ื™ื–, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 55 ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขืึทื“ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืจืœืึทื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš (ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ), ืื•ืŸ 38 ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืจืœืึทื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืขื“ื™ืŸ.

ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฅ ืฆื• ืึธื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ Google Go ืึธื“ืขืจ Golang ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ Erlang ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ (ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ) ืื™ื– ืึทื– Go ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ืขืจืœืึทื ื’, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืžืึทืกืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก, ืขืจืœืึทื ื’ ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื ื“ื™ืกืคึผืขื ืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš.

ื ืึทืงืึทืœ

ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ืึทืงืœื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืึทื ืกื™ืขืก (ืžืžืฉ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขืึทื“ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ). ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืขื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’, ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืขื“ื™ืŸ, 109 ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขืึทื“ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก 10 ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืงืกืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืขืžืขื  ื–ื™ื› ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ. ืขืก ื˜ื•ืจื ืก ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืงืกืข ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืžืึทืจืง. ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื™ืงืกื™ื“ื– ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’.

ื“ืึทืจื˜

ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš Google. ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืง. ืคึฟืึทืจืขืคึฟื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืงืึทื ืกื™ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขืึทื“ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ 10, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืขื“ื™ืŸ - 8, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืžืคึผืœื•ื™ืขืจืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืกืงื™ืœื–. ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผืขื˜ืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก.

ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืื™ื– 275, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 11 ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึทืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื‘ืงื™ืขืก. ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืขื“ื™ืŸ, 124 ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจืขื–ืึทืžื™ื™ื–.

ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืขืก ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก. ื“ืึธืก ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืกืฅ ืึทื– ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืงืกืงืœื•ื“ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ. ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืขื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทืจื˜ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืง.

F#

ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึท ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš. ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ื™ืงืจืึธืกืึธืคึฟื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก (12 ืื•ื™ืฃ HH ืื•ืŸ 7 ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืขื“ื™ืŸ) ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืึท F# ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžื™ืกื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืึทืกืขืก, ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืื™ื– ืึทืคึผืฉืึทื ืึทืœ. ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ F # ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื– ื’ืจืึธื•ื™ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืึทื ื’ Stackoverflow. ืขืก ืจืึทื ื’ืงื˜ ื ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื‘ืึทืœื™ื‘ืกื˜ืข ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ($ 74 ืคึผืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ).

ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื–ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 253 ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขืึทื“ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ F# ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ F# ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืขืžืขื  ื–ื™ื› ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ. ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืขื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืขื ืœืขืš: 272 ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ F# ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืคืึธื•ืœื™ืึธื•ื–, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื–ืขืงืก ื”ืื˜ F# ืœื™ืกื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœืขืก.

ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜:

ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืึทื ืกื™ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืื™ื– 122 ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขืึทื“ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 72 ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืขื“ื™ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคืึธืœืงืก ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจืœืึทื ื’. ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 50% ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืœืึทื ื’. ื”ืืงืก ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฐื™ื–ืŸ ืืœืก ื“ื™ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืื“ืขืจื˜ืข ืฉืคืจืืš. ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืงืกืข 1% ืื•ืŸ 3% ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขืึทื“ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืขื“ื™ืŸ, ืจื™ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™.
ื“ื™ ืจืึทืจืึทืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ

ื“ื™ ืจืึทืจืึทืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ

ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜, ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 1644 ืจืขื–ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขืึทื“ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื ื˜ (688) ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ืขืจืœืึทื ื’, ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื ืึทืกื˜ ืจืขื–ืึทืžื™ื™ื– (7%) ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึทืงืกืข ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืกืงื™ืœื–. ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืขื“ื™ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืึทืจื˜ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ืึทืกื˜ ืจืขื–ืึทืžื™ื™ื–. ืคื•ืŸ 1894 ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืคืึธื•ืœื™ืึธื•ื–, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 124 ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ืึทืจื˜ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’.

ื“ื™ ืจืึทืจืึทืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ

ื“ื™ ืจืึทืจืึทืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ

ืึธืคึผืึท, ืคืึทื ื˜ืึธื, ื–ื™ืžื‘ื•

ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทื’ืจืึทืฃ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืกื™ื‘ื” - ื‘ืืžืช ื“ื™ ืจืึทืจืึทืกื˜ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืึทื ืกื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ืึทืงืœื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื–ืึทืžื™ื™ื–. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกืงื™ืœื–.

ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืขืจืœืขืš ืกื˜ืึทืงืงืึธื•ื•ืขืจืคืœืึธื•ื• ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืึทื ืกื™ืขืก, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ืจืขื’ืข ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ.

ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข - ืึท ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืจื•ื•ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ื“ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP. ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ืื™ืŸ 2011. ืึธืคึผืึท ืื™ื– ืคืจื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืคึฟืึทืจ 64-ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืง ืึทืก ืจืขื ื˜ื’ืขื  ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืก.

ืคืึทื ื˜ืึธื ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ ืฆื•ื•ืขืง ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ Java ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืžืข ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข, ื“ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™. ื ืขืฅ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืžืข. ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ืื™ืŸ 2005.

ื–ื™ืžื‘ื• - ืึท ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึทืœืฅ: ืคึฟื•ืŸ GUI ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ืึทืก ืงืขืจื ืึทืœื–. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืึท ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืžืขื ืึทืœ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ, ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืกื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืกืขืงื•ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืžื•ืžื›ืข. ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืึทื ืกื™ืขืก ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื–ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ืื™ื– ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ (ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 20). ืขืก ื˜ื•ืจื ืก ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื™ืงืกื™ื“ื– ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ (ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืงืกืข), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืงืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืขืก ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจ. ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ ืคืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ ืึท ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ืกื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืžื•ืžื›ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ 80-100 ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืจื•ื‘ืœ.

ืžื™ื™ึทืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ "ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ" ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ: ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืขืจ, ืขืจืœืึทื ื’, ื“ืึทืจื˜ - ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’, ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜. ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึทืงืกืข, ืึธืคึผืึท, ืคืึทื ื˜ืึธื, ื–ื™ืžื‘ื•. F# ืื™ื– ืคืึธืœืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœืื ื“, ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข IT ืžืึทืจืง ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืึทืคึผื˜ืฉืขืจื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’