ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื™ื™ื–: 30 ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ

ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื™ื™ื–: 30 ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ

ื ื”ื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื‘ืึทืฉืขืคืขื ื™ืฉ. ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจืื’ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜, ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืฆื™ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืจื™ื™ืš ืื“ืขืจ ืืจืขืžืข, ื ืืจื™ืฉ ืื“ืขืจ ืงืœื•ื’, ื ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื“ืขืจ ื ืฆื“ื™ืง. ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื“. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ.

ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื“ื–ืฉืขืจืึธืžืข ืง. ื“ื–ืฉืขืจืึธืžืข, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืกืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืง "ื“ืจื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉื™ืคืœ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืึท ื”ื•ื ื˜" ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟื™ืœืึพืึทื“ืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจืึธื ืึธื•ื•, ืฉื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื ื“ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ื™ืŸ.

ื”ื™ื ื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืžืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืœืข ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜, ื”ืขืœืคึผืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืืœ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ, ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ (ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื ื˜, ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜, ืืื–"ื• ื•). ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ืงืึธื•ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืก ืึทืคืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื”ื™ื ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ื™ื ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจืึทืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืึทื ืึทื˜ืึทืžื™ืงืึทืœ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ. ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื–ื™ืื ืืžื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื”ื™ื ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขืจ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืื– ืื•ื ื–ืขืจืข ืงืœืขื ืขืจืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื˜, ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืืกื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื–. ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืึทื ืึทื˜ืึทืžื™ืงืึทืœ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืึธื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื ื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืึธื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืœืฃ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ืึธื’ื ืึธืžื™? ื“ื™ ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืก ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืคึผืึธืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก. ื’ื™ื™.

ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื™ืงืขืจ

ืคื™ืœืข ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœืขืงื˜ื•ืึทืœืœื™ ื˜ืึทืœืึทื ื˜ื™ืจื˜, ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืึทืžืึทืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืคึผืจืขื“ืึทื˜ืขืจื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ - ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืคืœืื ืฆืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœืึธืจืึท ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธื ืึท ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึทืžืขืกื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ื•ืžืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผืขืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทืžืขืกื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื•ืžืงืœืึธืจ, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืฉืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืœืฃ (ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื˜). ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืฆืึทืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ, ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜.

ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื™ื™ื–: 30 ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืคึผื™ืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืœืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื  ืึทืฃ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื ื˜ (ื˜ืึทืกื™ืœื™ืŸ-ืึทื“ื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืึธ, ืึทืœื“ื–ืฉื™ืจื™ืึท)

ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืึทืคื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื™ืžื‘ื™ื™ืึธื•ืกืึทืก. ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืกืขืจื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื•ื ืคื™ื–ื™ืง, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืึทื‘ื–ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืึทื– ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ / ื”ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืœืขื˜ ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก: ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจ, ืึท ืฉืึทืจืฃ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขืงืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื“ื™ืง. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ืึธืžืขืกื˜ื™ืงืึทื˜ืขื“ ื”ื™ื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ื™ื™ืขื’, ื’ืึทืจื“ื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธืžืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืฉืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืžืขืกื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืœื™ื™ื•ื•ืกื˜ืึทืง. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื ื•ืฆื™ืง "ืกืงื™ืœื–" ื”ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ - ื–ื™ื™ ืขืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืจืขื. ืขืก ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ืžืึธื“ื ืข, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืกืขื˜ืึทืœืžืึทื ืฅ ืึทืงื˜ืึทื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึธืจื“ืขืจืœื™ืขืก (ื•ื•ื™ ืžื•ืจืึทืฉืงืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืขืจ), ืขืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืขืกื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืœื˜ ื ืขื›ื˜, ื”ื™ื ื˜ ื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ืจืึทื“ื™ืึทื˜ืึธืจืก.

ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื™ื™ื–: 30 ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ
"ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื  ืึทืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื‘ืึทืŸ" (1640, ื“ื•ืจืš Frans Snyders)

ื ื—ื• ืฅ ื“ ื™ ืคืจืืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืข ื‘ืขื ืขืคื™ื˜ ืŸ ืคื• ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ , ื–ืขื ืข ืŸ ืื•ื™ ืš ื’ืขืฐืข ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื› ืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจืขืœืข . ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ื”ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื– ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืกืคึผืขืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœื˜ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ: ืžืึทืจืงื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืจื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ื’ื™ื™ืขื’.

ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึธื•ื•ืขืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืžืึทืจื˜ืึทืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ืœื“ืขื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืขืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืœืฉ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืจื™ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฆื• ื”ื•ื ื˜, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืื›ืŸ. ืึทืจื˜ืฉืึทืขืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืกืฅ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ื•ืจืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜. ืคึผืขืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธื•ื ืขืจื–, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธืจื’. ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืขืจืก ืงื‘ืจ.

ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื™ื™ื–: 30 ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ
ืขืงืกืงืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ื•ืจืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜ (ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 5000 ืฆื• 8000 ื™ืืจ).

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ืงื•ืจืฅ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึธื•ื•ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ืึท ื”ื•ื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื›ื™ื™ึทืข ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทื ื’ื–, ืคึผืึธื– ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืขืง. ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธื•ืฉืึทืœื™ื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ? ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืึทื– ืื™ื–, ืฆื• ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื™ื•ืžืึทื ื– - ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ. ื”ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืจืกืขื ืึทืœ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™: ื•ื•ืึทื’ื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืง, ื’ืจืึธื•ืœื™ื ื’ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืจืงื™ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืกื™ืึทืœ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืงืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืึทื–ืึทืœื–. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืึทืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜. ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื”ืื˜ 43 ืคื™ื™ืฉืึทืœ ืžืึทืกืึทืœื– (ืคืึทืจืจื™ื›ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืœืฉ). ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื˜ื™, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืžืึธื•ืฉืึทื ื–, ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืึท ืงืึธืœื™ืจ ื’ืจืึทื“ื™ืขื ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื›ึผื•ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ื˜ืึธื ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื“ื–. ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืึทืš, ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืข. ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืžืึธื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜? ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ื™? ื– ืฒ ืฉืคืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ , ืฐืืค ืŸ ื“ ื™ ืขืง , ื‘ื™ืœืŸ , ื‘ืจื•ืžืขืŸ , ืงืจืขื›ืฆ ืŸ ืื• ืŸ ื”ืฒื‘ ืŸ ื“ ื™ ื‘ืจืขืžืขืŸ . ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืคื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืฆื• ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืก. ืคึผืจื™ื›ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืง ื”ื™ื ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ, ืคืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืžืึทืกืึทืœื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืกื™ืึทืœ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ "ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ."

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื“ืขืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืก ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ื.

ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ

ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข, ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื– ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืกืึทื‘ืงืึทื ืฉืึทืก ืคึผืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ (ืื™ืš ืขืคืขืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ "ืคึผื ื™ื") ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืขืจ ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืก, ื ื™ื™ืžืœื™ ืคึผืึทืขื“ืึธืžืึธืจืคื™ืกื - ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ื™ืœื“ื™ืฉ ืคื™ื™ืฉืึทืœ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. ืึธื“ืขืจ ื›ื™ื™ึทืข. ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ, ืคึผืขืฅ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ - ื”ื•ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืืื–"ื• ื•. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืจืขื›ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืจื™ืกืขืจื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ืžืฉืขื“ืœืขืš ื‘ืึทืฉืขืคืขื ื™ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึท ืœื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ (ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืœื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื’) ื ืึธืš ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึท ื›ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ.

ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ื ืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืึทืคึฟื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ืึธ, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืžื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื™ื™ื–: 30 ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ
ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ, ื˜ืึธืึธื˜ื”ืœืขืกืก ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืกื™ื‘ื”. ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื, ืžื™ืจ ืกืึทื‘ืงืึทื ืฉืึทืกืœื™ ื–ืข ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท positive ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœ ืงืึทืœืขืจื™ื ื’, ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื– ืึท ื“ืจืึทื’ืึธืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœืื ื’ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืขืคึผืก (ื ืึธืจ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื™ื“ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืœืš ืก ืœืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’).

ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืขืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ืœื™ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผืขื“ืึธืžืึธืจืคื™ืง ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ.

ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ืึทื–ืึท ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฅ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืžืึทืกืึทืœื–, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ "ืึทืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืกื™ืึทืœืœื™" ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“. ืึทืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ืœื™, ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืœืึธื’ื™ืง ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื™ื™ื‘ืจืึทื•ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึท ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœื  ื–ื™ืš ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืคึผื ื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง.

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืึทืกืึทืœื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ื˜ ืก ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง. ืื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืžืึทืกืึทืœื–? ืืคึฟืฉืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“. ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืžืึทืกืึทืœื–, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื•ื•ืขื’.

ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืึท ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืกื™ืึทืœ ืžืึทืกืึทืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ (ืงืึทื ื™ืก ืœื•ืคึผื•ืก, 4 ืกืึทืžืคึผืึทืœื–) ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ื™ื ื˜ (ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜, 6 ืกืึทืžืคึผืึทืœื–). ืขืก ืื™ื– ื›ื“ืื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ ืึทื– ืึทืœืข ืกืึทืžืคึผืึทืœื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ืกืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ื–ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืกื™ื ืข, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ื“ื™ ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’. ืึธื‘ืกืขืจื•ื•ืึทืฆื™ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ (9 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื) ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ (27 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื) ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื•ืžืึทื ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืึธื‘ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืžื•ืกืงืœ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผื ื™ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ.

ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื™ื™ื–: 30 ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ
ื‘ื™ืœื“ #1

ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื›ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืกื™ืึทืœ ืžืึทืกืึทืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื ื˜ (ืœื™ื ืงืก) ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืœืฃ (ืจืขื›ื˜), ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืึทืœื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ - ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืึทืœื– ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜, ืึท ืžื•ืกืงืœ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืœืขื•ื•ืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืึทื ื’uli oculi medialis (LAOM) ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžื™ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ื™ื•ื•ืขืœืึทืคึผื˜ ืžื•ืกืงืœ ืคื™ื™ื‘ืขืจื–, ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื‘. ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึธืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ, ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขื ื“ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืึทืœ ืคึผืึธืจืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื‘ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื‘ื™ืงื•ืœืึทืจื™ืก ืึธืงื•ืœื™ ืžื•ืกืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ื• LAOM ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜.

ื‘ื™ืœื“ #2 (ื ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ): ื“ื™ื™ืกืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื ื˜ (ืœื™ื ืงืก) ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืœืฃ (ืจืขื›ื˜), ื™ื ื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง (ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืึทื•ื˜ืœื™ื™ืŸ).ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื™ื™ื–: 30 ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ

ื“ืขื ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกืงืœ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืกืฅ ืึทื– ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืจื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืจื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ื™ื‘ืจืึทื•ื–.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืกืงืœ ืจืขื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืึทื ื’ื•ืœื™ ืึธืงื•ืœื™ ืœืึทื˜ืขืจืึทืœื™ืก ืžื•ืกืงืœ (RAOL). ื“ืขื ืžื•ืกืงืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ. ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืคึผืจื™ื–ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ืึทืงื™ื•ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกืงืœ ืคื™ื™ื‘ืขืจื–.

ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื™ื™ื–: 30 ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ
ื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืกื™ืึทืœ ืžื•ืกืงืœ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ (ืกื™ ืœื•ืคึผื•ืก) ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ (ืกื™ ืคืึทืžื™ืœื™ืึทืจื™ืก). ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: P - ืžื•ืกืงืœ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืกืึทืžืคึผืึทืœื–; V - ื“ื™ ืžื•ืกืงืœ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืกืึทืžืคึผืึทืœื–; A - ืžื•ืกืงืœ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืกืึทืžืคึผืึทืœื–; * - ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืกืงืœ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืœืฃ ืกืึทืžืคึผืึทืœื–; โ€  - ื“ื™ ืžื•ืกืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคื•ืœ-ืคืœืขื“ื–ืฉื“ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืึทืงื™ื•ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื™ื‘ืขืจื–; โ€ก - ืžื•ืกืงืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืงื™ื™ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืึทืžืคึผืึทืœื– ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืึทืŸ ื”ื•ืกืงื™ (ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ื™ืกืขืงืฉืึทืŸ).

ื“ื™ RAOL ืžื•ืกืงืœ ืคึผื•ืœื– ื“ื™ ืœืึทื˜ืขืจืึทืœ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืœื™ื“ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ. ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ื“ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื•ืกืงืœ, ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืึทืŸ ื”ื•ืกืงื™, ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื“ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืืœื˜ืข, ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืขื ื’ ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ ื•ื•ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ื–.

ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจืึทืœ ื˜ืขืกืฅ. 27 ื”ื™ื ื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืขื ื ืขืœืก, ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืžื“ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจ 2 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜. ื“ ื™ ืฐืืœ ืฃ ื”ื ื˜ ืžืข ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื› ื˜ ืคื• ืŸ ืฆืฐ ืฒ ืคืืจืฉืฒื“ืขื  ืข ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืข ืก ืฐื ื• ื– ืฒ ื”ืื‘ ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืื•ื™ื  ื˜ ืžื™ ื˜ ื–ืฒืขืจ ืข ืคืขืงืœืขืš . ื ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ (9 ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ) ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืžื“ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ 2 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜.

ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืงืึธื“ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ AU101, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™, ืจื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง (ื) ืฆื• ื”ื•ื™ืš (E).

ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืคื•ืŸ AU101 ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื”ื™ื ื˜ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื™ื™ืฉืึทืœ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืžืขืจ ืึธืคื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ (ืžื“ืŸ = 2, ืžืึทืŸ-ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื ื™: ื• = 36, ื– = -3.13, ืคึผ = 0.001).

ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืคื•ืŸ AU101 ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ (ื) ืึทืงืขืจื– ืžื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ. ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ (C) ืึทืงืขืจื– ืžืขืจ ืึธืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ (ื“ ืื•ืŸ E) ืึทืงืขืจื– ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜.

ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืึทื‘ื–ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื™ื ื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ AU101 ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง:ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื™ื™ื–: 30 ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ
ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื

ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื™ื™ื–: 30 ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ
ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื‘

ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื™ื™ื–: 30 ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ
ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืกื™

ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื”ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืึทื‘ื–ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื™ื ื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ AU101 ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง:ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื™ื™ื–: 30 ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ
ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื

ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื™ื™ื–: 30 ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ
ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื‘

ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื™ื™ื–: 30 ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ
ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืกื™

ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื™ื™ื–: 30 ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ
ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื“

ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื™ื™ื–: 30 ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ
ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ E

ืจืขืกืขืึทืจื˜ืฉืขืจืก 'ืคื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ื–

ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืกืงืœ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ, ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจืึทืœ ืึทื‘ื–ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื™ืจืขืคื™ื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ืคืึทืกื™ืึทืœ ืžืึทืกืึทืœื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืึทืžืขืกื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, 33 ื™ืืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ื“ืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทื–ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื‘ (ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืžื•ืกืงืœ) ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืกืึทืœ ืคืึธืจืขื. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทื ืึทื˜ืึทืžื™ืงืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธื•ื•ืขืก, ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ื“ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ื™ื ื˜.

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืžืกืงื ื ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื™ืฉืึทืœ ืžืึทืกืึทืœื– ืื™ื– ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืžืึทื ื–. ื“ื•ืจืš ืจื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ืจืึทื•ื–, ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื˜ ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข, ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืงืึธื–ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืกืึทื‘ืงืึทื ืฉืึทืก ืคืึทืจื‘ืึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ื’ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื’ ืึท positive ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืžืึธื“ื ืข, ืงืึทื ืกื™ื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื‘ืจืึทื•ื– ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข. ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ืจืึทื•ื– ืคื™ืขืกืขืก ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืจืึธืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื˜ืจืึธืคึผ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืึท ืฉืžื•ืขืก, ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœ ืžืึทืจืงืขืจืก. ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืกืึทื‘ืงืึทื ืฉืึทืกืœื™ ื•ื•ืึทืš ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ืจืึทื•ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืœืึทืงื™ืึทื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ึทื˜.

ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืš ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื•ืžืงืœืึธืจ - ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืื•ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืกื™ืึทืœ ืžืึทืกืึทืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืœื™ื‘ืจืึทื˜ืœื™ ื’ืขืคืจื•ื•ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ื”ืึธื“ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ืจื™ื“ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืึทื ืึทื˜ืึทืžื™ืงืึทืœ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจ. ื“ื•ืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืงืฉื™ื ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืš ืจืขืงืึธืžืขื ื“ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜.

ืขืคึผื™ืœืึธื’

ื ื”ื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ 'ืก ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื“. ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืœืข ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ืก ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœืฉื˜ืื ื“. ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืฆื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืกื•ืคึผืขืจ ืกืึทืคื™ืกื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืจืึธื‘ืึธื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจื”ืึทื ื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคื™ืจ-ื˜ืขืจืงื™ืฉ ืคืจืขื ื“ื–.

ื”ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึทืงืกืึทื“ืึทื ืฅ ืฆื• ื”ืขืœืคึผื™ื ื’ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ ืึธื•ื ืขืจื–. ืื‘ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ืจืขืกืงื™ื•ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ื’ื™ื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ื˜, ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ืœื™ื‘ืข ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืืœ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืขืก ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ.

ื”ื™ื ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืœื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื’, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ืื™ื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื–, ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืจืขืกืคึผืขืงื˜, ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข. ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืข, ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื–ืฉืขืจืึธืžืข ืง' ื“ื–ืฉืขืจืึธืžืข ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜: "... ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืจื™ื™ึทืš ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืจืขื, ื ืึทืจื™ืฉ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืœื•ื’, ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ. ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื“. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ."

ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ืื’ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง-ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ:


ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื›ื™ื™ื•ื• ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืจืืคื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืจืึธื‘ ืงื•ื ืฅ? ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืฉื•ื˜, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืคึผืขื ื˜ืึทื ื˜ ื”ื™ื ื˜. ๐Ÿ™‚

ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ืื’ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง-ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ 2.0 (ืงืึทืฅ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ):


ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืฉื•ื•ืึทื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทืฅ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืึธืงืกืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ. ๐Ÿ™‚

ื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ, ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข, ืœื™ื‘ืข ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืก ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึธืคึผืจื•ื˜ืขื’ ื’ื™ื™ื–!

ื“ืื ืง ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–. ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ? ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜? ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืึท ืกื“ืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืคืจืขื ื“ื–, 30% ืึทืจืึธืคึผืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ Habr ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืึทื ืึทืœืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ: ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืืžืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 ืงืึธืจืขืก) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps ืคึฟื•ืŸ $20 ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืึท ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ? (ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืžื™ื˜ RAID1 ืื•ืŸ RAID10, ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 24 ืงืึธืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 40GB DDR4).

Dell R730xd 2 ืžืืœ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ? ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธ 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TV ืคึฟื•ืŸ $199 ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื˜ื”ืขืจืœืึทื ื“ืก! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - ืคึฟื•ืŸ $99! ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธืจืคึผ. ืงืœืึทืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 9000 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคึผืขื ื™?

ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง. ืกื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื™ื™ืŸื‘ื™ื˜ืข.

ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ?

  • ื”ื•ื ื˜

  • ืงืึทืฅ

  • ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื’

  • ืงืึธืงืงืจืึธืึทื˜ืฉืขืก

  • ื”ื•ื™ื– ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ

449 ื‘ืื ื•ืฆืขืจ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜. 76 ื‘ืื ื•ืฆืขืจ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืคื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’