ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื•ืœืข ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜

(ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืงืึทืจื“ืก)
(ื“ืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืึทืœ ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืขืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ)
(ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืคืจื™ืœ 8, 2019. ื“ื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ื– ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ)

ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื•ืœืข ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜
(ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืขื•ื•ืก ื‘ืœื•ื, ืžืึธืงืขืจ)

ืื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ืื– ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืฒ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื˜ืฉืงืข. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืœืขืงืฆื™ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืœ: ื’ืขืึธื’ืจืึทืคึฟื™ืข, ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจึพื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขืจื™ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื ืงืึทื˜ืฉืงืข ืืœืก ื ืงืึทื˜ืฉืงืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืคืœื™ื’ืœ ืขืจ ื”ืื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืคื™ืก ื–ื™ ื”ืื˜, ื•ื•ื™ ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžื˜ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืึธื’ืจืึทืคึฟื™ืข ืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืงืึทื˜ืฉืงืข ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืืฒึทื ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืึธื‘ื•ืก: ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืึทืจืคึฟื˜ ื•ื•ืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืžืึทืคึผืข ื•ื•ื•ึผ ืขืก ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ึผ ื ื™ืฉื˜. ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืกืขืจืึทืคื™ืžื” ืคึผืขื˜ืจืึธื•ื•ื ืึท ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ โ€žื•ึพืชึพืงึพืึทโ€Ÿ ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงืึทื˜ืฉืงืขืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื. ืคืืจื‘ืฒื’ืฒืขื ื“ื™ ืง ื”ื ื˜ ื– ื™ ืื•ื ื“ ื– ื“ืขืจืฆืฒืœื˜ , ื ื– ืื™ ืŸ ื“ืฒื˜ืฉ ืŸ ืื™ ื– ื“ื ืก ืงืื˜ืฉืงืข , ืื• ืŸ ืื•ื™ ืฃ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉ . ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ "ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืื•ืคึฟืŸ" ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืึทืœืฅ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก "ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื™."

ื•ื•ืขื ื™ืืžื™ืŸ ืงืื•ื•ืขืจื™ืŸ, ืฆืฐืฒ ืงืืคื™ื˜ืื ืขืŸ

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ื ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ืึทื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืขื ื™ืขืžื™ืŸ ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืง ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข (ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ) ืคึฟืึทืœืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ื‘ืึทืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื˜. ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืคืึทืœ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™.ื™. ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืขื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืข ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืœืขืงืฆื™ืขืก. ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืงื•ืœื˜ืฉื™ืœื“ืจืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื›ืขืžื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ื›ืขืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ืžื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜, ื“ืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืคืึธืจืขื ื“ืขื ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืงืึทืจื“ืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ืึทื˜ืึทื“ ืฆื• ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืึทืœ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’, ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ.

(ืืคืจื™ืœ 8, 2019 ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜:
Addendum 1: ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื›ืขืžื™ืข ืงืึทืœืงื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜
ืึทืคึผืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืงืก 2: ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจืก)

ื–ืืœ ืก ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ ืคืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืขืงืจืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึฟืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืขื, ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืœ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื›ืขืžื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜: H - ื”ื™ื“ืจืึธื’ืขืŸ, He - ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื, ืืื–"ื• ื•. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื™ื– ืœื•ื™ืคึฟืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืฆืขืœ, ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืคืขืœื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืขื. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ LMB, ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื.

ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื•ืœืข ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜

ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš. ืžื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืึทืœื˜ ื“ืขืœืคึผื™-7, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ PL, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื™ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืึธืฉืึธืคึผ. ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืก ืฆื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื. ื”ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ื˜ืขืงืข table01.bmp.

ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื•ืœืข ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ. ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœื™ ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืกืขืœื–, ืงืœื™ืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืก, ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืคืืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ RGB ืงืึธืœื™ืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ. R ืื•ืŸ G ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ืŸ 0, ืื•ืŸ B=1 ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ื™ื“ืจืึธื’ืขืŸ, 2 ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื, ืืื–"ื• ื•. ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืงืึธืจื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืงืข ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ table2.bmp.

ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื•ืœืข ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜

ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืึธืฉืึธืคึผ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜. ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืึทืœ GUI ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ Delpi-7 IDE. ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืขืคึฟืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคืึธืจืขื ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืึทืœืึธื’ ืงื ืขืคึผืœ (tableDlg), ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึธืจื˜. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื tableDlg.

ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึทืก ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื ืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ื‘ื™ืœื“... ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ืžืึทื’ืขืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก. ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก, ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ImageNื•ื•ื• N ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ื•ืฅ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจ - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ื™ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ื ื’ืคืึทืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜, ื•ื•ื• N ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื™ืงืกื™ื“ 2, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“.

ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ ื‘ื™ืœื“ 1. ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื•ืคึผืœืึธืึทื“ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืข table01.bmp. ืžื™ืจ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื™ืžืึทื’ืขืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื“ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืงืึธืจื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ table2.bmp. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ืžื™ืจ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืข ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ืžื–ืขื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืœื™ื ืงืก ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื. ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’. ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ื‘ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืึทืœ ื’ื•ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ Delpi-7 IDE ืื™ื– ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜.

ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื•ืœืข ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื ืข - ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ Delpi-7 IDE. ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคื™ื ืฃ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืจืก: ืคืึธืจืขื ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ (FormCreate), ืœื•ื™ืคึฟืขืจ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื™ืžืึทื’ืขืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก (ื‘ื™ืœื“ 1 ืžืึทื•ืกืžืึธื•ื•ืข), ืงืœื™ืงื™ื ื’ LMB ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฆืขืœ (ื‘ื™ืœื“ 1 ื“ืจื™ืงื˜) ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื ื’ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืึทืœืึธื’ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ OK ืงื ืขืคึผืœืขืš (OKBtnClick) ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื˜ืœ ืžืึทื›ืŸ (CancelBtnClick). ื“ื™ ื›ืขื“ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ IDE.

ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืžืงื•ืจ ืงืึธื“:

unit tableUnit;
// ะŸะตั€ะธะพะดะธั‡ะตัะบะฐั ั‚ะฐะฑะปะธั†ะฐ ั…ะธะผะธั‡ะตัะบะธั… ัะปะตะผะตะฝั‚ะพะฒ ะ”.ะ˜.ะœะตะฝะดะตะปะตะตะฒะฐ
//
// third112
// https://habr.com/ru/users/third112/
//
// ะžะณะปะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธะต
// 1) ัะพะทะดะฐะฝะธะต ั„ะพั€ะผั‹
// 2) ั€ะฐะฑะพั‚ะฐ ั ั‚ะฐะฑะปะธั†ะตะน: ัƒะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธะต ะธ ะฒั‹ะฑะพั€
// 3) ะฒั‹ั…ะพะด ะธะท ะดะธะฐะปะพะณะฐ

interface

uses Windows, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Forms, Controls, StdCtrls, 
  Buttons, ExtCtrls;

const
 size = 104; // ั‡ะธัะปะพ ัะปะตะผะตะฝั‚ะพะฒ
 
type
 TtableDlg = class(TForm)
    OKBtn: TButton;
    CancelBtn: TButton;
    Bevel1: TBevel;
    Image1: TImage;  //ั‚ะฐะฑะปะธั†ะฐ ั…ะธะผะธั‡ะตัะบะธั… ัะปะตะผะตะฝั‚ะพะฒ
    Label1: TLabel;
    Image2: TImage;  //ัƒะฟั€ะฐะฒะปััŽั‰ะฐั ะบะฐั€ั‚ะฐ
    Label2: TLabel;
    Edit1: TEdit;
    procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject); // ัะพะทะดะฐะฝะธะต ั„ะพั€ะผั‹
    procedure Image1MouseMove(Sender: TObject; Shift: TShiftState; X,
      Y: Integer);                        // ัƒะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธะต ะบะปะตั‚ะบะธ
    procedure Image1Click(Sender: TObject); // ะฒั‹ะฑะพั€ ะบะปะตั‚ะบะธ
    procedure OKBtnClick(Sender: TObject);  // OK
    procedure CancelBtnClick(Sender: TObject); // Cancel
  private
    { Private declarations }
    TableSymbols : array [1..size] of string [2]; // ะผะฐััะธะฒ ะพะฑะพะทะฝะฐั‡ะตะฝะธะน ัะปะตะผะตะฝั‚ะพะฒ
  public
    { Public declarations }
    selectedElement : string; // ะฒั‹ะฑั€ะฐะฝะฝั‹ะน ัะปะตะผะตะฝั‚
    currNo : integer;         // ั‚ะตะบัƒั‰ะธะน ะฝะพะผะตั€ ัะปะตะผะตะฝั‚ะฐ
  end;

var
  tableDlg: TtableDlg;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

const
PeriodicTableStr1=
'HHeLiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClArKCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKrRbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXeCsBaLa';
PeriodicTableStr2='CePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLu';
PeriodicTableStr3='HfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRnFrRaAc';
PeriodicTableStr4='ThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrKu ';

// ัะพะทะดะฐะฝะธะต ั„ะพั€ะผั‹  ==================================================

procedure TtableDlg.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
// ัะพะทะดะฐะฝะธะต ั„ะพั€ะผั‹
var
  s : string;
  i,j : integer;
begin
  currNo := 0;
// ะธะฝะธั†ะธะฐะปะธะทะฐั†ะธั ะผะฐััะธะฒะฐ ะพะฑะพะทะฝะฐั‡ะตะฝะธะน ัะปะตะผะตะฝั‚ะพะฒ:
  s := PeriodicTableStr1+ PeriodicTableStr2+PeriodicTableStr3+PeriodicTableStr4;
  j := 1;
  for i :=1 to size do
   begin
     TableSymbols [i] := s[j];
     inc (j);
     if s [j] in ['a'..'z'] then
      begin
        TableSymbols [i] := TableSymbols [i]+ s [j];
        inc (j);
      end; // if s [j] in
   end; // for i :=1
end; // FormCreate ____________________________________________________

// ั€ะฐะฑะพั‚ะฐ ั ั‚ะฐะฑะปะธั†ะตะน: ัƒะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธะต ะธ ะฒั‹ะฑะพั€ =========================================

procedure TtableDlg.Image1MouseMove(Sender: TObject; Shift: TShiftState;
  X, Y: Integer);
// ัƒะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธะต ะบะปะตั‚ะบะธ
var
  sl : integer;
begin
  sl := GetBValue(Image2.Canvas.Pixels [x,y]);
  if sl in [1..size] then
   begin
    Label1.Caption := intToStr (sl)+ ' '+TableSymbols [sl];
    currNo := sl;
   end
  else
    Label1.Caption := 'Select element:';
end; // Image1MouseMove   ____________________________________________________

procedure TtableDlg.Image1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  if currNo <> 0 then
   begin
    selectedElement := TableSymbols [currNo];
    Label2.Caption := intToStr (currNo)+ ' '+selectedElement+ ' selected';
    Edit1.Text := selectedElement;
   end;
end; // Image1Click  ____________________________________________________

// ะฒั‹ั…ะพะด ะธะท ะดะธะฐะปะพะณะฐ  ==================================================

procedure TtableDlg.OKBtnClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
    selectedElement := Edit1.Text;
    hide;
end;  // OKBtnClick ____________________________________________________

procedure TtableDlg.CancelBtnClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
  hide;
end;  // CancelBtnClick ____________________________________________________

end.

ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข, ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ 104 ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ (ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืึทื ื˜ ื ื•ืžืขืจ). ื“ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ. ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ (ื›ืขืžื™ืฉ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœืก) ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืžืขื ื’ืข ื˜ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทืงื˜ื ืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ืงืึธื“, ืขืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืงืขื“ื™ื™ึทื™ืง ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื•ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืึทื ืฅ PeriodicTableStr1,..., PeriodicTableStr4ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื•ื•ืึธืจืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื’ืข. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืœืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืช ืื™ื– ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ (ืื•ื™ื‘ ืงื™ื™ืŸ) ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ื“ืขื ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืžืขื ื’ืข. ืื–ื•ื™, ื“ื™ ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื ืกื™ื™ืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืึทื–. ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ืึท ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ (ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืึทื ืฅ PeriodicTableStr1,..., PeriodicTableStr4) ืื™ื– ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืงืึทื ืกื™ื“ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ืงืึธื“, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื ืฉื•ืจื” ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืœืึทื ื’ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืขืงืจืึทืŸ.

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื™ื– ืœื•ื™ืคึฟืขืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืึทื’ืขืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ 1 ืžืึทื•ืกืžืึธื•ื•ืข ื“ืขื ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื™ ืงืึธืœื™ืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืงืึธืจื˜ ืคึผื™ืงืกืขืœ ื™ืžืึทื’ืขืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืœื•ื™ืคึฟืขืจ ืงืึธื•ืึธืจื“ืึทื ืึทืฅ. ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ื™ืžืึทื’ืขืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืคึฟืขืจ ืื™ื– ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืœ; ื ื•ืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ, ืื•ืŸ 255 ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืึทืกืขืก. ื“ื™ ืจื•ืขืŸ ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื›ื“ืื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจ ืกื˜ื™ืœ. ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทืกื˜ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืึทื– ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขื˜ืึทื“ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช - ื“ื™ ืงื•ืจืฅ ืงืึธื“ ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ ืงืึทื ืงืœื•ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ืžืขืจ ืงืœืืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืงืึธื“, ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึทืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ (ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขื“ืœื’). ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืœืึทืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื•ืึทืคึผื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื™ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก:

OKBtnClick, Image1MouseMove, FormCreate, Image1Click, CancelBtnClick.

ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื™ื ืฃ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืขื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืืœ ืžืขืจ ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึทืกืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื“ืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืึทืึธืก ื ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธืคึฟืŸ ืึทื– ื™ื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื“ื•ืกื™ื ื’ ื ืึธืš ืกื“ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“. ื“ืขื ื ืึธืš ืกื“ืจ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืกื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ื’ืจื•ืคึผื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ืึทืกืงืก. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ, ืœืžืฉืœ:

// ั€ะฐะฑะพั‚ะฐ ั ั‚ะฐะฑะปะธั†ะตะน: ัƒะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธะต ะธ ะฒั‹ะฑะพั€

ื“ื™ ื›ืขื“ื™ื ื’ื– ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืคึผื™ื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื˜ืขื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื˜ื™ืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึทืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืœืึทื ื’ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื–, ืึทื–ืึท ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ืึทืฆื™ืข ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก. ืกื™ืžื™ืœืึทืจืœื™, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื ื’ ื’ื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ, ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื“ื•ืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืžืึทืจืงื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ:

end; // FormCreate

ืื•ืŸ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืึทื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืžืึทื ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ื‘ืจืึทืงืึทืฅ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ - ืกื•ืฃ, ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ืงืœืึทืžืขืจ ืจืขืคืขืจืก:

      end; // if s [j] in
   end; // for i :=1
end; // FormCreate

ืฆื• ื”ื•ื™ื›ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ื›ืขื“ืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืึธื“ ืœืœื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืžืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืขืœื  ื–ื™ืš, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช "=" ืื•ืŸ "_", ืจื™ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™.
ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข: ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืคึผืฉื•ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืขืงืก ืงืึธื ืกืขืงื•ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืกื•ืฃ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืงืึธื“ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืœื˜ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ืœืขืจืก, ืœืžืฉืœ, Pascal 8000 ืคึฟืึทืจ OS IBM 360/370, ืึท ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ื™ึทืœ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’.

B5
โ€ฆ
E5

ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ืงืœืึทืžืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื•ืจื” E5 ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืขืคืŸ ืงืœืึทืžืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื•ืจื” B5.

ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืึทืœ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื“ืึธ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืกื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืขืจืœื™ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื’ืจืึทืžืขืจื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคื™ืœืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืฆื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ื”ืขืกืงืขื. ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ื ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืืก ืœืขืจื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืจืื’ืจืืžื™ืจืŸ, ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืื˜ ื ืืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืกื˜ื™ืœ. ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืจืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ืก ืœืึทืจื’ืขืœื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืกื— ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ื ื•ืกื—, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ื ืœืคึผื—ื•ืช ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ "ืขืงืกื˜ืจืข" ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ืงืึธื“.

ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ: ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ืขืก. ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ: ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื™ื– ืœื•ื™ืคึฟืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆืขืœ, ืึท ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึฟืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจืก. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึทื ืžืึธื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึฟืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ: ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืขืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข, ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื•ืคื“ืขืงื•ื ื’, ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื•ื ื“ื– (ื•ื•ืึธืก ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ืขื ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜), ืคื™ืกื™ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืงืึทืœ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ืขืก, ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืจืขืžื“ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, ืืื–"ื• ื• E. ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ืŸ ืก "ืงืึทื˜ืฉืงืข" ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืกืกื™ืขื ืกืขืก: ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜, ืคื™ื–ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื›ืขืžื™ืข - ื‘ื™ืึธืœืึธื’ื™, ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ื’ืขืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™, ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืจืขืžื“ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื”ื™ื’ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืงืึทื ืขืงืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜, ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืง ืื™ื– ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคึผืขื“ื™ืข ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืคึฟืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ. ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคืขื“ื™ืข, ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืžืงื•ืจ. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึทื˜ืึธืจืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื• ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื›ืขืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืขื ืฆื™ืงืœืึธืคึผืขื“ื™ืข, TSB, ืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ื“ื–ืฉืขืจื ืึทืœื–, ืกื“ืจ ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜, ืืื–"ื• ื•. ืึทื–. ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ื ื’ืคืึทืœ ืึทืกื™ื™ื ืžืึทื ืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ DBMS ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื˜ืขืžืขืก.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืกืขืœื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืงืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ืจื™ืึท ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคืืจื‘ืŸ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืžืขื˜ืึทืœืก โ€‹โ€‹ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜-ืžืขื˜ืึทืœื–. ืึธื“ืขืจ ืกืขืœื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึทืžืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ ืœืœื‘ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื”ื™ื’ืข ื›ืขืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืง.

ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขืคื˜ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื”ื•ื™ื›ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื’ื–ืึทื. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ื•ื™ื›ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ / ืจื™ืคึผื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื’ื–ืึทื.

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืœืข ื›ืขืžื™ืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก:

ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 10 ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ึทื“. ื•ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ื–ืืœืฅ-ื–ื•ื™ืขืจืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฆืขืœืื–ืขืŸ ื“ืืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืงืจืฒื“?

ืฆื• ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืขืžื™ืฉืขืจ. ืึธืคึผืจื•ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื•ืึทืคื™ืฉืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืขืก, ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืœืขืงื•ืœืึทืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœืกื™ื•ื ืงืึทืจื‘ืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ืจืึธื’ืขืŸ ืงืœืึธืจื™ื™ื“, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื– ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืข. ื ืงืึทืœืงื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข. ืืžืช, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื™ืขืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ื•ื™ื“ืขืคื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื›ืขืžื™ืข, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜.
Addendum 1: ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื›ืขืžื™ืข ืงืึทืœืงื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ื–ืืœ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคื•ื ืึทื ื“ืขืจืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืงืึทืœืงื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ึทื“ ืื•ืŸ "ื”ืึธื“ื’ืขืคึผืึธื“ื–ืฉ". ืœืืžื™ืจ ืื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืืงืฆื™ืข:

ืงืึทืงืึธ3 + 2ื”ืงืœ = ืงืึทืงืœ2 + ื”2ืึธ

ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืื– ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืื˜ืืžืืžื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ื ื“ืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ: ืงืึทืœืกื™ื•ื (Ca), ื˜ืฉืึทื“ (C), ื–ื•ื™ืขืจืฉื˜ืึธืฃ (O), ื”ื™ื“ืจืึธื’ืขืŸ (H) ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจื™ืŸ (Cl). ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ ืคืึทืœ, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ-ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืžืขื ื’ืข ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ื™

AtomicMass : array [1..size] of real;

ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื’ืข ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ื ื•ืžืขืจ. ืžืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื tableDlg ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ: "ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจืขืึทื’ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ", ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข - "ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืจืขืึทื’ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ X". ืœืืžื™ืจ ื‘ืืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืจืขืึทื’ืขื ื˜1, ืจืขืึทื’ืขื ื˜2 ืจื™ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™. ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืœืงื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ.

ืžื™ืจ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืงืœืึทื•ื•ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจ: 10 ื’. ื™ื ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืจืขืึทื’ืขื ื˜1 ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: "ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 10 ื’." ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขื ืจื™ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืœืงื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœืขืงื•ืœืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ืขืก.

ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ LMB ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ Ca ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ. ื™ื ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืขืœื“ ืจืขืึทื’ืขื ื˜1 ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: "ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื˜ Ca 40.078 ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 10 ื’."

ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ LMB ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ C. ื™ื ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืจืขืึทื’ืขื ื˜1 ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: "ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื˜ CaC 52.089 ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 10 ื’." ื™ืขื ืข. ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืœืงื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœืกื™ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉืึทื“.

ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ LMB ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ ืึธ ื™ื ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืจืขืึทื’ืขื ื˜1 ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: "ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื˜ ืงืึทืงืึธ 68.088 ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 10 ื’." ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืœืงื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื™ืขืจืฉื˜ืึธืฃ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกืึทื›ืึทืงืœ.

ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ LMB ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ ืึธ ื™ื ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืจืขืึทื’ืขื ื˜1 ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: "ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื˜ ืงืึทืงืึธ2 84.087 ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 10 ื’." ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืœืงื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืึทืžืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื™ืขืจืฉื˜ืึธืฃ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกืึทื›ืึทืงืœ.

ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ LMB ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ ืึธ ื™ื ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืจืขืึทื’ืขื ื˜1 ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: "ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื˜ CaCO3 100.086 ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 10 ื’." ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืœืงื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื™ืขืจืฉื˜ืึธืฃ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกืึทื›ืึทืงืœ.

ื“ืจื•ืง ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืงืœืึทื•ื•ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจ. ื“ื™ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืจืขืึทื’ืขื ื˜2. ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ืžื™ื ื™ืžืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืคึผืœื™ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื˜ื™ืคึผ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื–, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจื•ื“ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื™ืขืจืฉื˜ืึธืฃ ืฆืขืœ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึธื•ืžื™ืึทื ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœืข (K2Cr2O7).

ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ LMB ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ H. ื™ื ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืจืขืึทื’ืขื ื˜2 ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: "ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืจืขืึทื’ืขื ื˜ ื” 1.008 ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืจืขื ื˜ื’ืขื ."

ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ LMB ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ Cl ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ. ื™ื ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืขืœื“ ืจืขืึทื’ืขื ื˜2 ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: "ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืจืขืึทื’ืขื ื˜ ื”ืงืœ 36.458 ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืจืขื ื˜ื’ืขื ." ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืœืงื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื”ืื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ืจืึธื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจื™ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืฃ ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืฉืึทืŸ, ื”ื™ื“ืจืึธื’ืขืŸ ืงืœืึธืจื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืคึผืจื™ืกื™ื“ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืงืึธื•ืึทืคื™ืฉืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 2. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื’ื™ื˜ LMB ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืจืขืึทื’ืขื ื˜2. ื“ื™ ืžืึธืœืขืงื•ืœืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ื“ืึทื‘ืึทืœื– (ื˜ืจื™ืคึผืึทืœื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ, ืืื–"ื• ื•). ื™ื ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืขืœื“ ืจืขืึทื’ืขื ื˜2 ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: "ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืจื™ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื˜ 2HCl 72.916 ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืจืขื ื˜ื’ืขื ."

ื“ืจื•ืง ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืงืœืึทื•ื•ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืจื™ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืœืงื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ X ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืข

ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื•ืœืข ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ.

ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ 1. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืข: ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทืŸ 100.086 Da ืงืจื™ื™ึทื“ ื“ืึทืจืฃ 72.916 ื“ืึท ื–ื•ื™ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืฆืขืœืึธื–ืŸ 10 ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ึทื“ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ X ื–ื•ื™ืขืจ.

ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ 2. ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก:

ื›ืึธืžื˜ืฉืขื ืงืึธ ื™ื’, ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืื•ืŸ ืขืงืกืขืจืกื™ื™ื–ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื›ืขืžื™ืข 2009 (ื’ืจืึทื“ืขืก 8-11).
Khomchenko G.P., Khomchenko I.G., ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืื™ืŸ ื›ืขืžื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื ืฅ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ, 2019.

ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ 3. ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœืข ืฉื•ืจื”. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงืึทืœืกื™ื•ื ืงืึทืจื‘ืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ:
CaCOOO
ืื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื›ืขืžื™ืข ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทื ืœื™ื™ืงืœื™ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข - ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื’ืข:

formula : array [1..size] of integer;

ื•ื•ื• ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืขืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก (ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก ืึทืœืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื’ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื ื•ืœ). ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื“ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœืข, ื•ื•ื™ ืื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืขืžื™ืข. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ O3CaC. ื–ืืœ ืก ื™ื‘ืขืจืจื•ืง ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ. ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ:

 formulaOrder : array [1..size] of integer; // ะผะพะถะฝะพ ะฒะทัั‚ัŒ ะฟะพะบะพั€ะพั‡ะต

ื•ื•ื• ืžื™ืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืขืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœืข. ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ ืึทืŸ ืึทื˜ืึธื currNo ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœืข:

if formula [currNo]=0 then //ัั‚ะพั‚ ะฐั‚ะพะผ ะฒัั‚ั€ะตั‚ะธะปัั ะฟะตั€ะฒั‹ะน ั€ะฐะท
 begin
 orderIndex := orderIndex+1;//ะฒ ะฝะฐั‡ะฐะปะต ะฒะฒะพะดะฐ ั„ะพั€ะผัƒะปั‹ orderIndex=0
 formulaOrder [orderIndex] :=  currNo;
 end;
formula [currNo]:=formula [currNo]+1;

ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœืข ืฆื• ืึท ืฉื•ืจื”:

s := ''; // ะฟัƒัั‚ะฐั ัั‚ั€ะพะบะฐ ะดะปั ั„ะพั€ะผัƒะปั‹
for i:=1 to  orderIndex do // ะดะปั ะฒัะตั… ั…ะธะผ.ัะธะผะฒะพะปะพะฒ ะฒ ั„ะพั€ะผัƒะปะต 
 begin
 s:=s+TableSymbols [ formulaOrder[i]];// ะดะพะฑะฐะฒะปัะตะผ ั…ะธะผ.ัะธะผะฒะพะป
 if formula [formulaOrder[i]]<>1 then //ะดะพะฑะฐะฒะปัะตะผ ะบะพะป-ะฒะพ ะฐั‚ะพะผะพะฒ
  s:=s+ intToStr(formula [formulaOrder[i]]);
 end;

ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ 4. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืœื™ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื˜ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึทื•ื•ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืคึผืึทืจืกืขืจ.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื›ื“ืื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ ืึทื–:

ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก. (ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคึผืขื“ื™ืข)

ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื•ืึทื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืœืขืงืฆื™ืขืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืงืึทืจื“ืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืึธืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืงื ืขืคึผืœืขืš ื˜ื‘ื•ื˜ื˜ืึธืŸ. ื“ื™ ืกืคึผื™ืจืึทืœื™ืฉ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ (ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืกืขืœื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืฉืึทืคึผืขืก) ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืจ ืงืœืืจ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื“ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธ.

ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื•ืœืข ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜
(ืึทืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš Theodore Benfey, ืžืึธืงืขืจ)

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึทื– ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ Habrรฉ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ.

ืึทืคึผืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืงืก 2: ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจืกื ื™ืฆืŸ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจืก ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ื˜ืึทืกืงืก:

1) ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ.

2) ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืืœืข ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื ื˜ื“ืขืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืขืจื™ืื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ.

3) ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ืืœื˜ืฉืขืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืืœืŸ.

4) ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทื– ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื˜ื ืึธื™ื (ื ืก).

5) ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืœื™ืกื™ืง ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ.

6) ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืจื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ.

7) ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึธื•ื–ื“ ืฆื• ืœื•ืคื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึธืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื˜ื ืึธื™ื.

8) ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืžืขื˜ืึทืœืก โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ืจืึธื˜ืฉืœืึธืจื™ืง ื–ื•ื™ืขืจ.

9) ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืžืขื˜ืึทืœืก โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืœ ื–ื•ื™ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ.

10) ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืžืขื˜ืึทืœืก โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืœ ื–ื•ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืขืึทื˜ืขื“.

11) ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืžืขื˜ืึทืœืก โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ืจื™ืง ื–ื•ื™ืขืจ.

12) ื™ื–ืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืึทืœืข ืžืขื˜ืึทืœืก โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืึทืœืึทื ื˜ืœื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืžื‘ื™ืึทื ื˜ ื˜ื ืึธื™ื.

13) ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืžืขื˜ืึทืœืก.

14) ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืกืคึผืจืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ.

15) ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜.

16) ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืจืึธืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ึทืข ื’ื•ืฃ.

17) ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืœื™ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื›ืขื“ื™ืง ืœืขื‘ืŸ (ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžื‘ืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–).

18) ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขืš ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืขืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผืžืขื ื˜.

19) ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื•ื ื“ื–, ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข.

20) ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืึทืœืก.

21) ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืึทืœืก.

ื”ืขืจื•ืช

1) ืขืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจืก. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืงืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื 1 (ืึทืœืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ) ืื•ืŸ 20 (ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืึทืœืก), ืกืขืœื– ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืึทืœืก โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ (ืœืžืฉืœ, ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืึธืœื™ืจ) ( ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืคึผืึทืœืœืึทื“ื™ื•ื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“, ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 1803).

2) ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืึทื– ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืžืึธื“ืข ืึทื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ ืกืึทืœืขืงืฅ ืกืขืœื– ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืงืึธืœื™ืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ (ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืœื™ืจ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ). ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืกืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืึทืœืก, ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. ื™ืขื ืข. ื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืžืขื˜ืืœืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืืœื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืžืขื˜ืืœืŸ.

3) ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ LMB ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคึผืขื“ื™ืข ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜.

4) ืขืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžืขืงืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ืง LMB ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆืขืœ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื•ื“ ื–ืื›ืŸ.

5) ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืกืขืœื– ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื˜ืขืงืข ืื™ื– ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืกืขืœื–. ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜.

ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึท ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืง, ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ื“ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืžืึทืคึผืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ื ืึทืžื™ืฉ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืžืึทืคึผืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜. ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืจืขื“ืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ืกืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึฟืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืขืŸ ืขื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžืขืงืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืงืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื’, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื. ืื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืคื•ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืงืก ืื ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืจื™ื™ึทื–, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคื•ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ื‘ืจืขื’ ืฆื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื”. ื ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืžืึทืคึผืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื“ืึธ, ื•ื•ื• ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ืกืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืขื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจื›ื•ื“ื– ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ.

ืึท ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืงืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื–: ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืึทื™?

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

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