ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข

ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข (ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ "ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขื™ื ืก")

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ (ืงืœืขืจืึทืคื™ื™ื–) ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ UML ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ืš ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื™ื– ืึทืจื˜ืฉื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ืžื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื•ืกื˜ืจืึทืœื™ืึทืŸ ืคื™ืจืžืข ืกืคึผืึทืจืงืก ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืก [ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก].
ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ UML ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’, ื–ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ [ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก].

ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ.
ะ’ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1 ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ "ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืžืึธื“ืขืœื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืŸ" ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืขื“ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึท "ืžื™ื™ึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข" ื˜ืขืžืข ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ - ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื•ื•ืขืจืงืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื” ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืึทืจ ืกืึทืœื˜ืึทืŸ" ื“ื•ืจืš ื.ืก. ืคึผื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ 2ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ืึท ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ-ืคืึทืœ, ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืข 1 ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืึท ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜.

ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข
ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืข 1. ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข:

  • ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜;
  • ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ;
  • ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืงืจืึธื;
  • ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข.

ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืกื˜ืขืจืขืึธื˜ื™ืคึผืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ - ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ื•ื•ืขืงืกืœ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ (ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืข 2).

ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข
ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืข 2. ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข

ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืจื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ื˜ืึทืœ ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืงืก ืื™ื– ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืฆื• ื“ื ืึธ.
ื“ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืจ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ.
ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ื™ื“ ืฉื•ืจื”, ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ "ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื ื™ืข", ื•ื•ื• ืึทื– ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœื™ ื ืขืžื˜ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–. ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืคืึธืงื•ืก ืื™ื– ืื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื’ืจืึธื“ืขืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ.
ื“ื™ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืกื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื–ื“ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ื  ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืœ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ.
ืกื˜ืขืจืขืึธื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืงืึทืœ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื ื“ืจื™ื–, ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœืก ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ื™ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ (GUI), ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืจื™ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™.
ื ืจื™ืคึผื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื–ื™ื’ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ืคึผ "ืฉืœื™ื™ืฃ".

ืึทื–ื•ื™, ืžื™ืจ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข "ืœื™ื™ื’ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ื ื•ืก ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื”".
ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืกืึทืžืคึผืฉืึทื ื–.

  1. ื ื•ืก, ืงืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ ืึทืกืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก (ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืข 3).
    ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข
    ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืข 3. ืงืœืึทืก ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข ืจืึทืคื™ื ื™ืจื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜
  2. ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ ืึทืกืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’.
  3. ื–ืืœ ืก ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ - "ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงืึทื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก."
  4. ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื™ื‘ืขืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ, ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ GUI "ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทืงืึทื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืœืึทื˜", ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ "ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทืงืึทื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงืึทืจื“" GUI.
  5. ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ GUI ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ.
  6. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทืงืึทื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงืึธืจื˜, ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืขืงื˜ื ืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜.

ื ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทืกืึทืžืคึผืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืข 4.

ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข
ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืข 4. ืงืœืขืจืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข "ืœื™ื™ื’ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ื ื•ืก ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื”"

ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ UML ื“ื™ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžื– ื“ืึธ:

ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื™ื

  1. ื•ื•ืขื‘ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ Sparx Systems. [ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ืœ] ืึทืงืกืขืก ืžืึธื“ืข: ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜: https://sparxsystems.com
  2. OMG Unified Modeling Language (OMG UML) ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 2.5.1. [ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ืœ] ืึทืงืกืขืก ืžืึธื“ืข: ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜: https://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.5.1/PDF

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’