ืงืจืึธื•ื 78 ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื™ื ื’ DNS-over-HTTPS

ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืžืึธื–ื™ืœืœืึท ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืคื™ืจืžืข ื’ืขืžืืœื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ื ืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผืก" (ื“ืึธื”, ื“ื ืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผืก) ืื™ื– ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึธื•ื ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจืขืจ. Chrome 78, ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ 22 ืืงื˜ืื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืงืึทื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืขืก ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ DoH. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกืขื˜ื˜ื™ื ื’ืก ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื“ื ืก ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืขืจื– ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึธื” ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธื”.

ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืก ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื ืก ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืขืจื– ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ Google (8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4), ืงืœืึธื•ื“ืคืœืึทืจืข (1.1.1.1, 1.0.0.1), OpenDNS (208.67.222.222, 208.67.220.220), ืงื•ื•ืึทื“9 (9.9.9.9, 149.112.112.112ืก.185.228.168.168ืก 185.228.169.168 , 185.222.222.222) ืื•ืŸ ื“ื ืก.ืกื‘ (185.184.222.222, XNUMX). ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืก ื“ื ืก ืกืขื˜ื˜ื™ื ื’ืก ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ-ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ ื“ื ืก ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก, DoH ืื™ืŸ ืงืจืึธื•ื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืก ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื ืก ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ื’ืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืฉืคึผื™ื™ึทื–ืขืจ, ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืจืขืกืึธืœื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื ืก ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ.

ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ DoH ืื™ืŸ Firefox, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื– ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ DoH ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืคื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธื” ื“ื™ื ืกื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ Firefox ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš CloudFlare DNS ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ, ืงืจืึธื•ื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื ืก ืฆื• ืึทืŸ ืขืงื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜, ืึธืŸ ื˜ืฉืึทื ื’ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื“ื ืก ืฉืคึผื™ื™ึทื–ืขืจ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื“ื ืก 8.8.8.8 ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกืขื˜ื˜ื™ื ื’ืก, ืงืจืึธื•ื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ Google DoH ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืก ("https://dns.google.com/dns-query"), ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื ืก ืื™ื– 1.1.1.1, Cloudflare DoH ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืก ("https://cloudflare-dns.com/dns-query") ืื•ืŸ ืืื–"ื• ื•

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœ DoH ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ "chrome://flags/#dns-over-https" ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ. ื“ืจื™ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืึธื“ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜: ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืึธื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง. ืื™ืŸ "ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ" ืžืึธื“ืข, ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืงืึทืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก (ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’) ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืึธื” ืคืึทืœื‘ืึทืง ืฆื• ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ื“ื ืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ "ืึธื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืง" ืžืึธื“ืข, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืึธื” ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืงืึทืฉ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืึทื‘ืึทืœ, ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืกืึทืงื™ืขืจ ืงืึทืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืื ืขืœืŸ ื“ื ืก. ืื™ืŸ "ืึทื•ื•ืขืง" ืžืึธื“ืข, ื“ื™ ืฉืขืจื“ ืงืึทืฉ ืื™ื– ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื“ื ืก. ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงื•ืกื˜ืึธืžื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ kDnsOverHttpsMode ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืจืขืจ ืžืึทืคึผื™ื ื’ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš kDnsOverHttpsTemplates.

ื“ืขืจ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ DoH ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืก ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืจืึธื•ื, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืกื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืก ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜-ื ื™ื˜-ื ื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืึทืœ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืกื™ื ื’ ืจืขืกืึธืœื•ื•ืขืจ ืกืขื˜ื˜ื™ื ื’ืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื“ื ืก ืกืขื˜ื˜ื™ื ื’ืก. ืื•ื™ื‘, ื ืึธืš ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื™ื ื’ DoH, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ DoH ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ (ืœืžืฉืœ, ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงื™ื ื’, ื ืขืฅ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ), ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื“ื ืก ืกืขื˜ื˜ื™ื ื’ืก.

ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืœืขืฆื˜ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธื” ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ืึธื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’. ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ ื“ืึธื” ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึธื•ื ืงืึธื“ื‘ืึทืกืข ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธื” ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ืงืจืึธื•ื ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืคืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก.

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืจื•ืคืŸ ืึทื– DoH ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจืขื•ื•ืขื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืœื™ืงืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื“ื ืก ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืขืจื–, ืงืึทืžื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ื ืึทื˜ืึทืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื ืก ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืกืคึผืึธืึธืคื™ื ื’ (ืœืžืฉืœ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื•ื™-ืคื™), ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœื  ื‘ืœืึทืงื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ื“ื ืก. ืžื“ืจื’ื” (ื“ืึธื” ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืคึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืคึผืึทืกื™ื ื’ ื‘ืœืึทืงื™ื ื’ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื“ืคึผื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื”) ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืึทืงืกืขืก ื“ื ืก ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก (ืœืžืฉืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืคึผืจืึทืงืกื™). ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ื“ื ืก ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื ืก ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธื”, ื“ื™ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ IP ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขื ืงืึทืคึผืกืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผืก ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืจืขืกืึธืœื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื–. ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทืคึผื™. ื“ื™ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ DNSSEC ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืกืขืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืคืึทื“ืขื ืฉื™ืึทืœืึทื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก.

ืžืงื•ืจ: opennet.ru

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’