ืคืขื“ืึธืจืึท ืงืึทื ืกื™ื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ืึธืคึผืคึผื™ื ื’ ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื™ืึธื•ืก ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ

ืคืขื“ืึธืจืึท ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืคึผืคึผื™ื ื’ ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื™ืึธื•ืก ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ UEFI ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืึทื– ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืกืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ UEFI ื–ื™ื ื˜ 2005 ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– 2020 Intel. ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืึธื•ืก ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืก.

ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ืคึผืจื™ืฉื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื™ืึธื•ืก ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื“ืึธืจืึท ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืกืขืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืžืขื ื™ื• ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ, ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื• ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืงืจืึทืš ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ GNOME. ืคึฟืึทืจ UEFI, ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืื™ืŸ sd-boot, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืึธื•ืก ืขืก ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉืึทื– ืคึฟืึทืจ GRUB2.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืข, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืึธืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืึธื•ืก ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืจื™ืœื™ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขื“ืึธืจืึท ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืœืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืคึผืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ืกื™ ืคืจื™ื™ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ 2013 ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ graphics ืงืึทืจื“ืก ืึธืŸ ืึท UEFI- ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื•ื•ื‘ื™ืึธืก. ืขืก ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืคืขื“ืึธืจืึท ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื™ืึธื•ืก-ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ.

ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทืกื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื“ืึธืจืึท 33 ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ:

  • ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– Btrfs ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืกืงื˜ืึทืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืคึผ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขื“ืึธืจืึท. ืึทืคึผืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ
    ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜-ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ Btrfs ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื’ื–ืึธืกื˜ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ ื“ื™ืกืง ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืึทื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ / ืื•ืŸ / ื”ื™ื™ื ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจื™ื– ืกืขืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืœื™. ืžื™ื˜ Btrfs, ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกืึทื‘ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืžืึธื•ื ื˜ืขื“ ืกืขืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืœื™, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื“ื™ืกืง ืคึผืœืึทืฅ. Btrfs ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืกื ืึทืคึผืฉืึทืฅ, ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืขืจืึทื ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืฉืึทืŸ, ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ I/O ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื“ื•ืจืš cgroups2, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ-ื“ืขื-ืคืœื™ ืจืขืกื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืฉืึทื ื–.

  • ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืกื™ื“ (ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทื ื˜ื™ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื“ืึทืขืžืึธืŸ) ืฆื• ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืกืึทื‘ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทืžื– (LVM, Multipath, MD) ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืคืŸ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืจืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืฆื• ืึทืงื˜ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก. SID ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• udev ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, ื™ืœื™ืžืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก udev ื›ึผืœืœื™ื ืฆื• ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืงืœืืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืกืึทื‘ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทืžื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ืึทื’.

ืžืงื•ืจ: opennet.ru

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’