ืคื™ืจืขืคืึธืงืก ื ื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื•ื•ืขื‘ื’ืคึผื• ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ

ะ’ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคื™ืจืขืคืึธืงืก ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ื’ืคึผื•, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ 3D ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืก ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืคึผื•-ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’, ืงืึทื ืกืขืคึผื˜ืฉื•ืึทืœื™ ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ API ื•ื•ื•ืœืงืึทืŸ, ืžืขื˜ืึทืœ ะธ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜3 ื“ 12. ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืึธื–ื™ืœืœืึท, Google, ืขืคึผืœ, ืžื™ื™ืงืจืึธืกืึธืคึฟื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงื”ืœ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ W3C.

ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ WebGPU ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ-ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื“ืœืขืš, ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ืฆื• ืœืขื•ื•ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ื“ื™ 3D ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืก ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืก ืึทืคึผื™ืก, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ Direct3D 12 ืื•ื™ืฃ Windows, Metal ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืึทืงืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ืœืงืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก. ืงืึทื ืกืขืคึผื˜ืฉื•ืึทืœื™, WebGPU ื“ื™ืคืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ WebGL ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ ื•ื•ื™ Vulkan ืื™ื– ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ OpenGL, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืก ืึทืคึผื™, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคึผืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ื– ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ Vulkan, ืžืขื˜ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜3ื“.

ื•ื•ืขื‘ื’ืคึผื• ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืก ื“ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข, ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืคึผื•, ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ, ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ, ื‘ืึทืคืขืจื–, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืก ืฉืึทื“ืขืจื–. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื™ื ื’ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืขื“ ืงืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืคึผื•.

ื•ื•ืขื‘ื’ืคึผื• ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืคื•ืœ-ืคืœืขื“ื–ืฉื“ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก 3 ื“ ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืœืึธื ืข ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืึทืงืกืขืก ื•ื•ื•ืœืงืึทืŸ, ืžืขื˜ืึทืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ 3 ื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืก. ื•ื•ืขื‘ื’ืคึผื• ืื•ื™ืš ื’ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืก ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื‘-ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืคืึธืจืขื ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ืึทืกืกืขืžื‘ืœื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข. ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• 3 ื“ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืก, ื•ื•ืขื‘ื’ืคึผื• ืื•ื™ืš ืงืึธื•ื•ืขืจืก ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ืึธืคืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืคึผื• ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืฉืึทื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’. ืฉืึทื“ืขืจืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื‘ื’ืคึผื• ืฉืึทื“ื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืึธื“ืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื“ื™ื™ื˜ SPIR-V ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก.

ื•ื•ืขื‘ื’ืคึผื• ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ, ืคึผืจื™ืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืคึผื• (ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ื’ืœ, ืื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ). ื“ืจื™ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื˜ืขืงืกืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜:
GPUDevice ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืฉืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืขืจื–; GPUCommandEncoder ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึธื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื–, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืจืขื ื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื’ืขืก; GPUCommandBuffer ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืคึผื•. ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื ื“ืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืœื™ื™ึทื•ื•ื ื˜ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜ ืึธืŸ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ (ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก). ืกืขืคึผืึทืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื’ืขืก ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคึฟืขื“ืขื.

ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ WebGPU ืื•ืŸ WebGL ืื™ื– ืึท ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื™ื ื’ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ. ื•ื•ืขื‘ื’ืคึผื• ืึธืคืคืขืจืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ - GPURenderPipeline ืื•ืŸ GPUComputePipeline, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจ-ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ื“ืขื ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืฆื• ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ืึธืš ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืจื™ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืฉืึทื“ืขืจื–. ืกื•ืคึผืคึผืึธืจื˜ืขื“ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ: ืฉืึทื“ืขืจื–, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืคืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ ืœื™ื™ืึทื•ืฅ, ืงืœืขืคึผื™ืง ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืœื™ื™ืึทื•ืฅ, ื‘ืœืขื ื“ื™ื ื’, ื˜ื™ืคืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืขืจื ื–, ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืกื˜-ืคื™ืจืŸ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ.

ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ื’ืคึผื• ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื•ืคึฟืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ, ืœืึทืจื’ืขืœื™
ืจืขืžืึทื ื™ืกืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื’ืจื•ืคึผื™ื ื’ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ืœืงืึทืŸ.
ืฆื• ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, WebGPU ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท GPUBindGroup ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืขื ืœืขืš ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึทื“ืขืจื– ื‘ืฉืขืช ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื–. ืฉืืคืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืจื™ืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ื“ืขื ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื™ืขืŸ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืคื™ืœ ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืขื“ืขืคื™ื ืขื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ GPUBindGroupLayout ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ.

ืคื™ืจืขืคืึธืงืก ื ื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื•ื•ืขื‘ื’ืคึผื• ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ

ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจืขืคืึธืงืก, ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ื’ืคึผื• ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ: ืงืึธื ืคื™ื’, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ "dom.webgpu.enabled". ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืึทืกืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืจืขื ื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืš ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธืกื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื•ื•ืขื‘ืขืจืขื ื“ืขืจ ("gfx.webrender.all" ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ: config), ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื•ืฆืึธืจืกื™ื ื’ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืจืขื ื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืคึผื•. ื•ื•ืขื‘ื’ืคึผื• ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืงืึธื“
wgpu, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ DX12, Vulkan ืื•ืŸ Metal APIs ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก, ืึทื ื“ืจื•ื™ื“, Windows ืื•ืŸ macOS (DX11 ืื•ืŸ OpenGL ES 3.0 ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’). ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ, Google ืื™ื– ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ืึทืจื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’ ืงืจืึธื•ืžื™ืึทื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ "ืงืจืึธื•ื: // ืคืœืึทื’ืก/#ืขื ืึทื‘ืœืข-ื•ื ืกืึทืคืข-ื•ื•ืขื‘ื’ืคึผื•" ืคืึธืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืึทืงืึธืก ืื•ืŸ Windows.

ืžืงื•ืจ: opennet.ru

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’