ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ืฉื•ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก

ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ื ื—ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจืขื ืื‘ืœ, ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืขืžื™ื’ืจืื ื˜ืŸ - ื ืืš ืฉื•ืœืข (ืงืืœื–ืฉืข+ืœื™ืกื™) ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจื“ื ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื ืขื ืคืืจื˜, ื ื™ืืจ ืฉืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ืœื•ื ืงืจืึธื ืืœืก ืกืžื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืช, ื ื™ืืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื’ืข ื ืึธืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืื™ืŸ 23, ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ SAP ืจืขืคึผืจื™ื–ืขื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึธืคื™ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข, ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืึท ืคึฟื™ืจืžืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืฆื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืกืงืขืจื™ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท "ืจื™ืก" ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’, ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืกืงืขืจื™ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ 22 ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜. ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜? ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืึท ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืงื•ืœื˜ืฉื™ืœื“ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ื–ื™ืš, ืงืึทืฅ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืึทืคื˜.

ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ืฉื•ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก

ืคึผืจืึธืœืึธื’ - ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ?

ืฆืขื•ื•ืึธืจืคืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื“ื™ืคึผืœืึธื, ื’ืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืฉื•ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืึทืกืคึผืขืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืจื™ืคึผื™ื˜ื™ื“ืœื™ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ Habr - ื ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื›ืึทื‘ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ืงืจื™ื™ื– ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก, ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข, ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœืื ื“, ืืื–"ื• ื•. ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืืžืช ืขืจื ืกื˜, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžืึทืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ. ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืกืึทืžืขืจื™ื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’, ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžื•ืžื›ืข ื•ื•ืืก ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ึท 8 ื™ืืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 25 ื™ืืจ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืฉื•ืœืข :) ืื•ืŸ 10 ื™ืืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ IT ืคืขืœื“. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ 5 ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึธื’.

ืฆื™ืงืœ "ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ"

ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ืฉื•ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก
ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 2. ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜
ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 3. ื ืึธืš ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’
ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 4. ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜
ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 5. ื–ื™ืš-ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’

ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ - ืืคึฟืฉืจ, ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ RUVDS ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Habr, ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืคื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžืขืจ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืง, ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ื™ืง. 

ืฉื•ืœืข: ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื˜ ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื–ืึทืš

ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉื•ืœืข ืื™ื– ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื™ืฆื˜. ื’ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืกืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ืขืก: 

  1. ืœืขืจืข ืจ ืคื• ืŸ ื“ืข ืจ ืืœื˜ืข ืจ ืคืืจืžืืฆื™ืข , ืื™ ืŸ ื–ืฒืข ืจ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ , ื’ืจืฒ ื˜ ื ื™ ื˜ ื’ืจืฒ ื˜ ืฆ ื• ืื ื ืขืžืข ืŸ ื ืฒ ืข ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒ ื˜ ืื• ืŸ ืคืืจืžืข ืŸ ืคื• ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืื•ื ื’ , ื ื™ืฉ ื˜ ื’ืจืฒ ื˜ ืฆ ื• ื”ืขืจืŸ ; 
  2. ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง ืœืขืจืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 90 ืก, ื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื ืขืžืขืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคึผืขื“ืึทื’ืึธื’ื™ืงืึทืœ ืฉื•ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ (ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜);
  3. ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 70 ืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ 90 ืก, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืกืกืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืžืฉื•ื’ืข ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืขื ืข "ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ื“ื•ืจ";
  4. ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 15-17 ื™ืืจ ืึทืœื˜ (ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ืก ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™) ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ, ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“, ื™ื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืกื™ื›ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ. 

ืึทืœืข 4 ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืงืขืžืคืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก, ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืงื”ืœ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืกืึทื ื“ืขืจืกื˜ืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืžื–ืขื™ืง ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื˜ืึธืจืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื• ืขื“ื–ืฉืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ - ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืื’ืŸ? ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜, ืขืก ื ืึธืจ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง, ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื™ืœืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืงืึธืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ืกืงื•ืœื˜ืฉื™ืœื“ืจืึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’?

  • ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืึธืจืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ. ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœืข ืงืขืจื™ืงื™ืึทืœืึทื ื’ื™ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืจ. ืึทื– ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื™ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืง ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืฆื• ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื™ืคึผืึทืก ืžืื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืง ื™ืฉื•ื–. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทืœื’ืขื‘ืจืึท ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื ืจื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก, ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ (ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืงื™ืœ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื™ื‘ืกื˜ืข ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืžืึทืš ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื™ึทืขืงื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืžืึทื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœืข). ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ื™ืกืŸ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ื™ืง ืงืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก, ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึธืจื“ืึทื ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืึทืก, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืง ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก (ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืงืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืึทื“ืขืก 6-9). ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ; ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’, ืึท ื‘ืจืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ึทื“ / ืžืึทืจืงืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’.
  • ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืกืขืกืžืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืขืจื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืจืื‘ืœืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ, ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืœืืกืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืžืขืกื˜, ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคืืงื˜, ืื– ืฉื•ืœืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื™ืื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืืš ื“ืขื ื‘ืื’ืขืจื˜ ื ื•ืžืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจืขืจืก ืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื™ืขื’. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜, ื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ C ื’ืจืึทื“ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืžืื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืง, ื‘ืฉืขืช C ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง 4 - ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืข, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ืžืขืžืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืœืึทื ื’ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื“ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ืคื™ืขื“. ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืขืงืกืึทื. 
  • ืคืจื™ื™ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข, ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ, ื–ื•ื›ืŸ, ืคื•ื ืึทื ื“ืขืจืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ - ื ืึธืจ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคึผืขื“ื™ืข ืึธื“ืขืจ Google ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก, ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืึทืงืฉืœื™ ื“ื™ืงืจื™ืกืึทื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ืงืจื™ื™ื– ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœืขืจื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืึธื ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื, ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ืจืขื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึท ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ื‘ื•ืš ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜. ืกื™ืžืคึผืœื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธื•ื’ืœื™ื ื’, ืึท ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื’ืœืขื“. ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืง ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ืงืจื™ื™ื– ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืกืงื™ืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื ื˜ืขื–.
  • ื•ืžื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืข ืขืก ืื™ื–. ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข, ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืจืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืจื™ื™ึทืกืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืจืขืงืœืขืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื™ืœืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœืข, ื“ื™ ืžืขืจ, ืึทื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื“ืจืึธื‘ืงืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคึผืึทืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจื™ืงื™ืึทืœืึทื. ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคึฟืŸ: 4 ื™ืึธืจ ืœืึทื˜ืฒึทืŸ, 7 ื™ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืกืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ (ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ), 4 ื™ืึธืจ (!) ืœืขื‘ื ืกึพื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ืŸ, 2 ื™ืึธืจ ืคึฟื™ืœืึธืกืึธืคึฟื™ืข, ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ื’ืจื™ื›ื™ืฉ, ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืคึฟื™ื–ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ , ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžืื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืง ื.ื.ื•ื•. ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคื˜, ืฉื•ืœืข ื˜ืฉืึทืžืคึผื™ืึทื ืฉื™ืคึผืก ืื™ืŸ "ื•ื•ืึธืก? ื•ื•ืื•? ื•ื•ืขืŸ?โ€, ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืฉืžื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื•ืžื–, ืฉืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ื“ืขื ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ืก ืžืึทืจืš ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ (ืงื•ืง ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื”ืื‘ืจืข!) ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ื™ืก: ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืึทืคึผืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื’ืจืึทื“ืขืก.
  • ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ - ืึท ืงืฉื™ื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืœืึทืก, ืืคื™ืœื• "ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง" ืึธื“ืขืจ "ืฉื•ื•ืึทืš," ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืจืึทื˜ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ, ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืกืคึผื™ื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ "ื‘ื™ืœื“ืึทืคึผ." ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ, ืื™ืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื™ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœื™ืจืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืึธื ืขืก, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืš ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ืึธืš ืฉื•ื•ืึทืš. ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืื˜ ืกืืœื•ื˜ ืคืจืื‘ืœืขื ืื™ืŸ ืžืื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกื˜ืื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ื’ืื ืฅ, ืื‘ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขื˜ื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืื ื’ื–ืื, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ... ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืขื“ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’. ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ืื™ืš ื’ืขืจืื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ื“ืจื™ื™ึท ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก. ื•ื•ืืก ื‘ืืคืขืœืกื˜ื• ืื™ื ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ? ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื–ืึทืš. ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ึทืœืขื›ื™ืง: ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืžืขืจ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ืฆื• ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ื™ื ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ืึทื ื˜ืœื™, ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืžืึทื“ืจืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืœืึทืกืžื™ื™ืฅ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ - ื“ืึธืก ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืจืึทื“ื•ืกืึทื– ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืกืงื•ืœื˜ืฉื™ืœื“ืจืึทืŸ. ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืกื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. 
  • ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื - ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ื•ืฅ ืื ื“ืขืจืข. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืขืœ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข, ื’ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื’ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–, ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื’ืข ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ (ื™ืึธ, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ 18, ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš, ื•ื•ื™ื™, ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ) ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืกืงื™ืœื–, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ - ืึท ื™ื™ึทื ืงื•ืงื -ืฆื•-ื™ื™ึทื ืงื•ืงื  ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขืฅ, ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœืข ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืงื™ืœ ื“ืขืจ "ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ-ืฆื•-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ" ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืงื•ืงื˜: ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืจื™ื™ึท, ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข.

ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืš?

ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืฉื•ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ (ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงื•ื•ืข), ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืงื•ืœื˜ืฉื™ืœื“ืจืึทืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืฆื• ืžืืžืจื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืคืึทืš ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก ื˜ืขืกืฅ, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึธื›ืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืฆื• ืึท ื“ืขืจื ืขื ื˜ืขืจื  ืคืขืกื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ืก ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืึทื–ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœื˜ื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืึธื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืก, ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉ ื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืก, ืืื–"ื• ื•. - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืคืึธืœืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืžืึทืกื™ื ื’ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทื˜ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข ื’ื™ื™ื–. ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœึพืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ, ืงื•ื“ืึพื›ึผืœ, ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืจืึธืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืžืขืŸ. ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ื™ึทื›ืœ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจื™ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžืขืจื’ืขื ืกื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก, ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืึทื ื˜ืจืึทืคึผืจืึทื ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืš - ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžื™ืกื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืงืึทืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื”ืขืจืŸ, ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” - ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“"ืจ ื”ื•ื™ื–, ื“ื™ ืงืขืจื™ื–ืžืึท ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืึธืŸ ืžื•ืกืง, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. 

ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืš?

ืคึผืจืึทืกืคึผืขืงืก - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืง. ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกื™ืžื– ืคึผืจืึทืžืึทืกื™ื ื’ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื›ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืคืขืœื“ (ื”ืขืœื ืฆื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื™ืงืึทื ืึทืžื™ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 2000-2002!) ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืŸ. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ืข ืึทืจื•ื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืจื™ืคึผื™ื˜ื™ื“ืœื™ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืขื“ื˜ C / C ++ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืžืึทืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ื ืขืฅ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’, ื™ื ื“ืึทืกื˜ืจื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜, ืืื–"ื• ื• ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜. ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืึทืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ "ืคื™ื ืึทื ืกื™ืึทืœ ืžืึทื ืึทื’ืขืžืขื ื˜" ืื™ื– ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืžืึทืกื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ื˜ืึทืœ ืžื•ื•ื•ืžืึทื ืฅ ื•ื•ื™ "ื‘ืึทื ืงื™ื ื’" ืึธื“ืขืจ "ืจืขืึทืœ ืขืกื˜ืขื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ". ืฆื• ืึทืกืกืขืกืก ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืกืคึผืขืงืก, ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืคืขืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜, ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ (ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืก), ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืื‘ืขืก (ืœืžืฉืœ, 15-17 ื™ืืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉ ื“ื–ืฉืขืจื ืึทืœื–, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงื”ืœ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทืกื˜ ืื•ื™ื’ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกื•ืจื“ื–ืฉืขืจื™, ืจืึธื•ื‘ืึทืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ, ืœืึทืคึผืึทืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผื™ืง ืžืึทื ื™ืคึผื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ื•ืึธื›ืขื“ื™ืง ืคืึทืงื˜). ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืึทืงื•ืœื˜ื™ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข 2-3 ื™ืึธืจ; ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ. 

ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืง. ืขืคึฟืขื ืขืŸ "ืžื™ื™ึทืŸ ืกื™ืจืงืœืข" ืึธื“ืขืจ "ื”ืขืึทื“ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ", ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืคืึทืจื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ (ืžืืœ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื). ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜ ื™ื ื“ืขืงืกื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื– ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 10% ืคึผืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 5% ืคึผืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ N ื™ืึธืจ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืกื˜ืžืึทื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’, ืึท ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœ, ืืื–"ื• ื•. 

ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ึผืงืก ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืึธืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืฉื™ื™ื–ื“: ืžืืœ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ืžืึทืš ื›ืึธืจื™ื–ืึทื ื˜ืึทืœื™, ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ื•ืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืึทืจื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืžื“ืจื’ื” (ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืจืึธื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืจื™ืข). ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ ืื– ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืชื™ื›ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื ื‘ืืก, ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื ืืžืชืขืจ ืคืจืืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืžืืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืก. 

ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื• ื•ื•ื•ึผืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทื›ืžืึทืŸ ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข - ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืง. ื ืคึผืจืึธืคืขืกื™ืึธื ืึทืœ ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ืจื˜ ื›ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ (ืื•ืŸ ืืžืืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืืš). ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืงืึธืจืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ืก ื™ืฆืจ ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืš (ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืึท ื™ื™ื ื’ืœ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืขืžื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืึธืœืึธื’ื™, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคื•ื™ืœ ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœ ืึทื– ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทื›ืžืึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื›ืึทื ื’ื’ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืก: ืึธืคื˜ ื ืึธืš ืงืึธืœืขื’ืข ืึท ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ื’ืœื™ืง ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืข ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ื™ืœืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื“ืึทื ืกืึทื ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ื“ื ืข ื’ืขืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ?

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืฉื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืคืึทืš, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื (ืื™ืš ื’ืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท "ื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ"). ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ, ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืงื•ืง ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก, ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ (ืœืขืคื™ืขืจืขืš ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ ืฆื• ืœืึทืžื‘ืึทื“ืึท ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืš ืงืœืึทืก ื‘. ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืฆืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื“ืึทื ืกื™ื ื’, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืื™ืจ ื–ืืœ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืขืก). 

  • ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฅ - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ: "ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ", "ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ", "ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ", "ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ". ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืึธืŸ ื™ื ืงืœืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื–. ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืฉื™ืคืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ. ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ื–ืื’ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ืคืึธื•ืงื™ืกื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉืžื•ืขืก, ืฆื™ ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึธื’ื™ืง ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืึทื ื˜ืึทื–ื™ืข ืื™ื–. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืึทื–ืึท ืึธื‘ืกืขืจื•ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื ื˜ืขืจื™ ืจื™ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ื– ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืขืกืฅ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึท 13-17 ื™ืึธืจ ืึทืœื˜ ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื ืึทืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืึทืœืฅ :)
  • ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ืก ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืžืข ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื™ื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืŸ, ืืคึฟืฉืจ ืึทืคึฟื™ืœื• ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืฆื• "ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ" ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื—ืœื•ื ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืš - ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื ืขืœืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ. ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืื ื“ืŸ ืงืขืจ ืื™ื ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืจื”, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ืขื’ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืœื™ื›ื˜ ("ืึทืœืข ืคึผืจืึธื•ื’ืจืึทืžืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืขืจื“ื–", "ืึท ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ ื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื˜ืึทืžืึธื•ื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’", "ื”ืึท ื”ืึท, ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืžืฉื•ื’ืข, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ื™ึทื›ืœ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืึธืจืกื™ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขืคึผืขืก", "ืึท ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ ืฉืึธืคืขืจ? ื™ืึธ, ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ" - ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ). ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืก: ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ-ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ, ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคืึทืš, ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื˜ืขื’. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜, ืขืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืคืœืึธืœืึทืกืœื™: ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืึธืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื™ืฉื•ื ื’ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜.
  • ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ: ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื™ื“ืœ ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืจืึทื“ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ืคืึธืจืกืžืึทื ื˜, ื“ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ื’ื•ื•ื™ืฉื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืกืึธื ืจื™, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 7 ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืึทื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ... ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื›ืžืึทื˜ืึธื•ื•ืึท ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืจืึทืจื˜ืฉ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืจ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื ืขืžืขืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื ืขืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื–ื ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืชึผืœืžื™ื“, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™. ื™ืึธ, ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฅ ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’: ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืŸ, ื”ืขืœืคืŸ, ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืืื–"ื• ื•. ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฅ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื™ึทืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืึทืกื˜ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกื™ื‘ื”.

ืขืก ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื– ืึทื– ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื“ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก, ื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืกืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืœืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜, ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ - ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืจืขื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืขืจืขืจืก, ื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืฆื”, ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืกื™ื™ืงืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืกื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืขืจื– (ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงื™ืœ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืจืึทืคึผืจืึทื ืขืจื– - ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ). ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกืžื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– 15 ื™ืึธืจ ืึทืœื˜, ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืจื™ ืงื™ื ื“, ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ื™ื ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืกื˜ืข ืึธืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ "ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก." ื“ืึธืก ืžืฒื“ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืžืึทืงืข ื”ืฒื-ื’ืขื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ืข ืงืึทื•ื•ืข, ื’ืจืึทืฆื™ืขื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืœืฒื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขื˜ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืึทื ื˜ื”ื™ืœึพืงืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜. โ€” ืงืึทื˜ื™ืข, ืื™ืจ ืžืฒื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜, ืึทื– ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐืŸ ืฐื™ ืึท ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืคึฟืข? "ื”ื™ื™, ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ืคึผืœืขื‘ืขื™ืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ืึทืงืึทื•ื ื˜ืึทื ื˜." ื ืคืืจื”ืื ื’.

ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ืฉื•ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืึท ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืš?

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืึท ืชึผืœืžื™ื“, ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืžืช ืžืื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ืจื•ืช, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขืžื“ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ืงืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ.

  • ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ื˜ื™ืŸ (ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 100% ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜) - ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื–, ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœ ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ, ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืจื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก, ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ : ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžื™ืกื˜ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืžื’ื™ืœื” (ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ืคืจื™ืœืึทื ืกืขืจ), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“; ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืจื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ื™ืคึผืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืง, ืึทืคึฟื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืึทืžื‘ื•ืœืึทื ืก ืึธืคื™ืฆื™ืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’; ืึทืŸ ืึทืกื˜ืจืึธื ืึทื•ื•ื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜, ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืึท ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก, ืืื–"ื• ื•. ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืš ืึธืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคึฟื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜; ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืจืึธืžืึทื ื˜ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜.
  • ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžื•ืžื›ืข. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืš, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง: ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงื•ืจืฅ ื•ื•ืึทืงืึทืฆื™ืข, ื‘ืึธืกืกืขืก, ืžืึธื ื“ื™ื™ึทืก, ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืกืึทื‘ืึธืจื“ืึทื ื™ื™ืฅ, ืืื–"ื• ื•. 
  • ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืขืกื˜ื™ื–ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืš ืงืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ - ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึฟื™ืœื• ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืจ ื’ืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ: ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืš ืฆื• ื’ืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžืึทืจืง.
  • ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื˜ืจืื’ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืก ืคืขืœื“ - ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื• ื”ืืกื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ื ืคืจืืคืขืกื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข/ืคืขื˜ืขืจ/ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ/ืคื™ืœื ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจืžืื’ื˜ ืขืก, ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื– ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื™ืœืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืขื ื“ืขืจื™ืŸ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ. ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืืคื’ืขื˜ืขืจ. 
  • ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ: ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฆื™ืœืŸ, ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข, ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ, "ืงืึทืกื˜ืึทืžืขืจื–" ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืš ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื•ื•ืึทืจืคืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ืคึฟืจื™ื“ื ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ positive ื–ืื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืœื™ืกื˜ืขื“ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืขืจ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืื™ืฆื˜ (ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ื’ืขืœื˜). 
  • ื ืœืื ื’ืข ืจื™ื™ื–ืข ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜ - ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืชื™ื›ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจื™ืžื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’. ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ืงืก, ืจืขืคึผืจืึธืึทื˜ืฉืขืก, ืžืขื ื˜ืึธืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœื–, ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืขืจืกืขืคึผื˜ื™ื‘ืึทืœ, ืงืœื™ื™ื ื˜ืฉื™ืง. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืึทื–ืึท ืฉืจื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงื˜ืจื• - ืึท ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช: ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืงืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืขืœ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’.

ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ืฉื•ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก

  • ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ื•ื“ื ืข - ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ื’ื™ื ืขืจื– ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ื˜ืึทืกืงืก, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืึทืœืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจื™ืคืขืจื™ืข, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืกื™ืงืก, ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ื‘ืขืœ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื—ื–ืจืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ื ื•ื“ื ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื ืึธืš ื˜ืึธื’. ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื–ืื›ืŸ ืึทื– ืึท ื™ื•ื ื’ ืžื•ืžื›ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ื•ืงื  ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืš. ื“ืขื ื‘ืึธืจื“ืึทื ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉืขืจื˜, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ืขืก.
  • ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขื–ื™ืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืคืขืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืคึผืึธืจืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืงื™ืขืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืš ืœืขืจื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืจืขืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทื›ืžืึทืŸ ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ืขืก, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืขื ื™ื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื• ืึทื“ืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื˜ืœื™ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื–. 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืคื™ืงืึทืœ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ืก ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก, ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš-ืจืขืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืžื•ืžื›ืข.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ?

ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื– ื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ื  ื–ื™ืš, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืื›ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจื™ื˜-ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืคืขืกืกื™ืึธื ืึทืœืก.

  • ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืคืึทื›ืžืึทืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก ืžื•ืžื›ืข - ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืคึผืึทืกื˜ ืึทืกืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“. ืึธืคื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืกื™ื™ืงืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืกืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืกื™ื ื’ HR ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ, ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื ืฅ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืกืกืขืกืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื›ืขืจื™ื™ื–ืึทื ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ.

ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ืฉื•ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืกื ืึธืš ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก ืžื•ืžื›ืข, ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜!

  • ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืกืคืขืงืฆื™ืข: ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื•ื•ื™, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ (ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืจื•ื˜ื™ืŸ), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืขืก ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืฆื• ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ. ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืกืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืงื™ืœื– ืึท ืคืึทืš ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ. 
  • ืžืึทืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึผืจืึทืคืขืฉืึทื ื– - ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืคืขืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก, ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก, ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืชึผืœืžื™ื“, ื“ื™ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื”ื•ื™ื›ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทื“ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืึทื“ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜. ืื–ื•ื™, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทื›ืžืึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ (ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื“ื™ ืจื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืคืขืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืึธื’ืจืึทืฃ, ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžื™ืกื˜, ืึธื˜ืึทืžืึธื•ื˜ื™ื•ื• ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืึทืŸ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ - ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœื˜ื™ื–, ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜; ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืกืคึผืขืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืš, ืึทืกืกืขืกืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืืื–"ื• ื•. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก). 
  • ืฉื•ืœืข ืœืขืจืขืจืก - ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึทื‘ื–ืขืจื•ื•ืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ 'ืก ื•ื•ื•ึผืงืก, ืžืืœ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ื‘ืคึฟืจื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœืขืงื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืžื•ืžื›ืข. ืจืขื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทื›ืžืึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทื‘ื–ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ. 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’.

ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ืฉื•ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืกื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ืึท ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืกืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืชืื•ื•ืช, ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– (ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืึธื ืขืก) ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžืึทืจืง ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ - ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื!ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ืฉื•ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก

ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ืึท IT ืžื•ืžื›ืข?

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึท ื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืขืจ (ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืกืขืจ, ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ 12 ื™ืืจ ืึทืœื˜) ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ, ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื– ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืขืจื™ืข ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืื›ืŸ, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ:

  1. ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืง - ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทื›ืžืึทืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ; ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทื›ืžืึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžื™ืกื˜ ืจืึทืจืขืœื™ ืึธืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ;
  2. ืงืœืึทื‘ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจืึธื•ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ - ืžืขื ื˜ืึธืจืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืคืขืจื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื ื“ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื–, ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื–, ืงืึทื ืกืขืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืก ืคืขืœื“ (ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ, ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ, ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, ื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืขืจ, ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’, ืืื–"ื• ื•);
  3. ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ - ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืžืขืก, ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืงืขื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืงืึทื‘ื•ืœืึทืจื™, ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื ืขื ื˜ (ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžื™ื•ื ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผื™ืจื– ืื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกืงื™ืคึผืข ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืœื™ื“ื™ื™ึทืก ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืฉื•ืœืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืœืื’ืขืจืŸ);
  4. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึธื•ื‘ืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืงื™ืฅ - ืื™ืฆื˜ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื’ืจืึทืžืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืจืึธื•ื‘ืึทืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ืœืขืงืฆื™ืขืก ืึทืกื™ื™ื ืžืึทื ืฅ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืคึผืึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ;
  5. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื ืงืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ Arduino ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ื™ืงืกื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก, ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืึทืžืขืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ึทื“ื ืฉืึทืคื˜, ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื“ืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ ืคึผืจื™ื ืกืึทืคึผืึทืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ืง, ืžืื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜; ื–ื™ื™ ื ืึธืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืงื•ืœืงื™ื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœื™ื™ึทื“ื ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ (ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ืœื“ืขื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ).

ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ - ืžื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื: ืงืฉื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืŸ

ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ื™ื™ื“ื™ื“ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ 'ืก ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื“ืจืš ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜, ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืงื•ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืš. 

ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ "ื”ืึทืจืฅ" ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ?

ื•ื™ืกืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš ื˜ื™ืฃ, ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื ืึธืš ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื ื™ืคื™ืขื“ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืขืงืกืึทื ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืคืึทืš.

ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืžื™ื™ึทื›ืœ ื ื™ื˜-ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ?

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ืžื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขืš ืืžื‘ื™ืฆื™ืขืก - ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ืคืึธืจืŸ, ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื˜ืขืกืฅ, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคื™ืœ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™. ืื•ื™ืกื ืขืžืขืŸ: ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™. 

ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืžืึทืกืข?

ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืœื™ืžืคึผื™ืึทื“ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข, ืึธืŸ ื’ื•ื–ืžืข. ื–ื™ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ, ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืคืึธืงื•ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื•ืจืฅ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืึทื– ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื•ื•ืœื™, ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืงื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš-ืคึผืจืขื–ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ / ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ืขืงืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืœื™ืžืคึผื™ืึทื“ืก, ืงืึทื ืคืจืึทื ืกืึทื– ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ื™ืฉืึทื ื–.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ; ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ.

ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืœืข ื ืึธืš 8/9 ืงืœืึทืก?

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ื–ื™ืš. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืœืข + ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืกื›ืขืžืข, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจ ืึทื“ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื–. ืื‘ืขืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ.

ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉื•ืœืข ืฆื• ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืฉื•ืœืข?

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงืขื“ื™ื™ึทื™ืง ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืก - ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื ื™ืคื™ืขื“ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืขืงืกืึทื ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืš ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ (ื ื•, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืึทื ื’ ื™ื’ื–ืึทืžื–, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ - ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื”ืขื›ืขืจ). ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกื™ื›ืืœืื’ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ืžืข; ื˜ืฉืึทื ื’ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื™ึทืœืข: ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกืžื™ื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกืžื™ื™ืฅ ืคื™ืœ ืคืจื™ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื• ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜. ืื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืคื•ืœ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืจื™ืจื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื ืึทื•ื•ืขืง, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ืึธืš ืงืœืืกืŸ.

ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืฉื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜?

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช: ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“. ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ (ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ), ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืึทื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜, ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœ (ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ืขืก), ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ (ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ืš).

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ?

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืงืฉื™ื - ืื™ื– ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื™ื—ื™ื“. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 9 ืื•ืŸ 10, 10 ืื•ืŸ 11 ื’ืจืึทื“ืขืก - ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜, ื•ื•ื™ ืจื™ืกืคึผืึทื ืกืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืจืึทื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื”ื™ื™ื˜ / ื ื™ื˜-ืคืจื™ื™ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ. ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึท ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืคื™ืœ ื“ืจื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžืึทืกืข - ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืขื ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืกื˜ื™ื“, ื“ื™ ืžืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ.

ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืžืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืึท ื˜ื™ืฃ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’. ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉื•ืœืขืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืคืึทืš, ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ "ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜, ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ. ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ืงืึธืจืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืฉ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึท ืคื™ืฉืขืจื™ื™ึท ืจื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืขืก. ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœืข ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืžื™ื™ึทื›ืœ ืขืก ืจื™ืกืคึผืึทื ืกืึทื‘ืœื™ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื: ืจืขืกืคึผืขืงื˜, ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข. ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืึท ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืžืึธืœ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืขืคึผื™ื–ืึธื“, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคื™ื ืฃ / ื–ืขืงืก ืงืึธืจื™ื“ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืงืึธืจืกืึทื– ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืฆื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืืจืฃ ืึธื“ืขืจ "ืืคึฟืฉืจ, ืฆื• ื’ืขื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื“ื™ืคึผืœืึธื?" ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจืŸ!

ื–ืฉืขื“ื ืข ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜

ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ื ื˜ - ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท IT ืžื•ืžื›ืข, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึฟืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืข. ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืขืœืึทืคึผืžืึทื ืฅ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืงืึทื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืจื˜ืฉืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜, ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืขืœืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื•ื•ืคึผืก, ื’ื™ื™ ืฆื• RUVDS ื•ื•ืขื‘ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœ - ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ.

ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ืฉื•ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’