ืคื™ืจืขืคืึธืงืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืงืึทื˜ืขืจ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ / 3 ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ึท.

ืžืึธื–ื™ืœืœืึท ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฆื• ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืกื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ HTTP/3 ืื•ืŸ QUIC ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ Firefox 88, ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืคืจื™ืœ 19 (ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉื ืึทืœื™ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืคืจื™ืœ 20, ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืฉืคื˜ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืคื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’) . ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ / 3 ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก ืื•ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ื™ืฉื•ื–, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ึท. ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก, ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ / 3 ืื™ื– ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืจืฅ.

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืจื•ืคืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ / 3 ืื™ืŸ Firefox ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ neqo ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืึธื–ื™ืœืœืึท, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ QUIC ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื ืขื ื˜ ืงืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ HTTP/3 ืื•ืŸ QUIC ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ Rust. ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืฆื™ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ / 3 ืื™ื– ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ: ืงืึธื ืคื™ื’ ื’ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ "ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืง. ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ. ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ 3. ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“" ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข. ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’, ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืžืขื ืึทืœ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ / 3 ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืงืจืึธื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืจืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืื™ืŸ nginx, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท nginx ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ Cloudflare. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื‘ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜, HTTP / 3 ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ Google ืื•ืŸ Facebook ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก.

ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ / 3 ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืขืจื“ื™ื™ื–ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ IETF. ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ / 3 ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ QUIC ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ / 3, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ Alt-Svc ื›ืขื“ืขืจ (Firefox ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืกืคึผืขืง ื“ืจืึทืคืฅ 27 ืฆื• 32).

ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ / 3 ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื– ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ QUIC ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ / 2. ื“ื™ QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections) ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš Google ื–ื™ื ื˜ 2013 ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืึธืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ TCP + TLS ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื‘, ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืžื™ื˜ ืœืึทื ื’ ืกืขื˜ืึทืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ TCP ืื•ืŸ ื™ืœื™ืžืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ืœื™ื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืงื™ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ. QUIC ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื’ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ UDP ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ืขืงื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœืขื ื˜ ืฆื• TLS / SSL. ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IETF ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ, ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ืžืขืจื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืŸ, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ / 3, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš Google (ืงืจืึธื•ื ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก).

ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ QUIC:

  • ื”ื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• TLS (ื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ืงืœื™ QUIC ื’ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ TLS ืื™ื‘ืขืจ UDP);
  • ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ, ืคึผืจืขื•ื•ืขื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ;
  • ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ ืคืึทืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ (0-RTT, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 75% ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืกืขืก ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขื“ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืฉืจ ืกืขื˜ืึทืคึผ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜) ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืึทืœ ื“ื™ืœื™ื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืึท ื‘ืงืฉื” ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ (ืจื˜ื˜, ืจืึธื•ื ื“ ื˜ืจื™ืคึผ ืฆื™ื™ื˜);
  • ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืึท ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจื™ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื•ื•ื•ื™ื“ื– ืึทืžื‘ื™ื’ื™ื•ืึทื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืงื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื™ึทืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืžืึทื•ืฅ;
  • ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืึทืคืขืงืฅ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขืงืกืคึผืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืš ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืงืกืคึผืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ืžื– ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืงืฉืจ;
  • ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงืขืจืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ื ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ืœื™ื™ื– ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืจื™ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกืกื™ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ืคึผืึทืงื™ืฅ. ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœืข ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงืขืจืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืงืึธื•ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืจื™ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกืกื™ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ.
  • ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ื‘ืœืึธืง ื‘ืึทื•ื ื“ืจื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœื™ื™ื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ QUIC ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ื‘ืึทื•ื ื“ืจื™ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืึทื“ื•ืกืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืœืึธืกืกืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ืงืึธื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึทื‘ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ ืคึผืึทืงื™ืฅ;
  • ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจืื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืงืคึผ ืจื™ื™;
  • ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืฉืจ ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืึทื“ื•ืกืึทื– ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ื ืขืžื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ืจื™ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ;
  • ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข ืงืึทื ื“ื–ืฉืขืกื˜ืฉืึทืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืžื–;
  • ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึผืขืจ-ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ื˜ืจื•ืคึผื•ื˜ ืคืึธืจืงืึทืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืึทื– ืคึผืึทืงื™ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœ ืจื™ื™ืฅ, ืคึผืจืขื•ื•ืขื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื“ื–ืฉืขืกื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืึทืคืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ;
  • ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืคึผื•ื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ TCP. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื™ืึธื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืข, QUIC ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืคืขืจื™ื ื’ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึทื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื“ื™ืืก ืžื™ื˜ 30%.
  • ืžืงื•ืจ: opennet.ru

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’