FreeBSD 13 ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื›ืึทืงื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ WireGuard ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–

ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ FreeBSD 13 ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ, ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ WireGuard VPN ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ, ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืกื“ืจ ืคื•ืŸ Netgate ืึธืŸ ื‘ืึทืจืึทื˜ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ WireGuard, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœ ืจื™ืœื™ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ pfSense ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’, ืื™ื– ืกืงืึทื ื“ืึทืœื™ืึทืก. ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ. ื ืึธืš ืงืึธื“ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆื•ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจืš Jason A. Donenfeld, ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื•ื•ื™ืจืขื’ื•ืึทืจื“, ืขืก ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– FreeBSD ืก ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจืขื’ื•ืึทืจื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืงืึธื“, ืจื™ื™ื“ืึทื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืคืขืจ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจืคืœืึธื•ื– ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ GPL.

ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื“ ืงืึทื˜ืึทืกื˜ืจืึธืคื™ืง ืคืœืึธื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ ืงืึธื“, ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ WireGuard ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื”ื™ืคึผืขืจื˜, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืคึผืึทืกื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ื‘ืึทืคืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื‘ืก ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉืขืงืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ "ืืžืช", ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ืึทื’ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ืคืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืžื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ืจืึทืกืข ื˜ื ืึธื™ื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“.

ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืึทืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธ_ืงืกืึธืจ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื“ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ WireGuard ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืœืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ GPL ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ. ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, Jason Donenfield, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ Kyle Evans ืื•ืŸ Matt Dunwoodie (ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ WireGuard ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ OpenBSD), ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืงื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืš, ื’ืึธืจ ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ ื›ื™ื™ืขืจื“ ื“ื•ืจืš Netgate . ื“ื™ ืžืึทื“ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉืึทื–, ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ WireGuard ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ FreeBSD.

ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ืœื™, ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜; Netgate, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืฆื• ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ WireGuard ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ pfSense ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’, ื›ื™ื™ืขืจื“ Matthew Macy, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ FreeBSD ืงืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ืกื˜ืึทืง, ืื™ื– ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืง ืคื™ืงืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืžื™ื™ืกื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคืœืขืงืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื“ืœื™ื™ื ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื“ื˜ืขืจื ื˜ืฉืขืงืก. ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืกื™ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ FreeBSD ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ืื™ื ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ืึทืœืึทื ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทื›ืžืึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ืงืก ื•ื•ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื“ ืึทื“ืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื˜ืœื™ ืฆื• ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง. ื“ื™ ื ืขื‘ืขืš ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ WireGuard ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืงืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ FreeBSD ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื™ื‘ืขืจืจืึทืฉืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™.

ื ืึธืš 9 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืžื™ื™ืกื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ HEAD ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ FreeBSD 13 ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’, ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ืขืจ ืจืขืฆืขื ื–ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’. OpenBSD ืื•ืŸ NetBSD ืคึผืึธืจืฅ. ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืืจ, Netgate ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ WireGuard ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ pfSense 2.5.0 ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ืขื“ ืฉื™ืคึผื™ื ื’ ืคื™ื™ืจื•ื•ืึทืœืœืก ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืก. ื ืึธืš ื™ื™ื“ืขื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก, ื“ื™ WireGuard ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ pfSense.

ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืงืึธื“ ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ 0-ื˜ืึธื’ ืขืงืกืคึผืœื•ื™ืฅ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ Netgate ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคืจื•ื•ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ WireGuard ืคื•ืŸ ืื ืคืืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ืขื’ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ืึทืคืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก ืคืืจื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืžื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงืึธื“ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื™ื’ื–ืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืžืึทื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก, ืขืจ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืง ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื“ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ FreeBSD, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ื™ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืœืข ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. (ื ืขื˜ื’ืึทื˜ืข ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืจืขืฆืขื ื–ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2020, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืคืจืขืขื‘ืกื“ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ Phabricator ื“ื™ ืจืขืฆืขื ื–ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ื™ืกื™ ืึธืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื’ื ืึธืจื™ืจื˜). ื“ื™ FreeBSD ืงืึธืจ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืจืึทืžืึทืกื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึธื“ ืจืขืฆืขื ื–ื™ืข ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื–.

Matthew Macy, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง FreeBSD ืคึผืึธืจื˜, ืงืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ืึทื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื’ืจื™ื™ึทื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜. ืžื™ื™ืกื™ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœ ื‘ืขืจื ืึทื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืึธืกื˜-ืงืึธื•ื•ื™ื“ ืกื™ื ื“ืจืึธื•ื. ื’ืœืฒื›ืฆืฒื˜ื™ ืง ื”ื ื˜ ืžื™ืกื™ ืง ื ื™ืฉ ื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืข ืŸ ื“ืข ื ื‘ืืฉืœืืก ืŸ ืฆ ื• ืคืืจืœืื– ืŸ ื“ ื™ ืคืืจืคืœื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ , ืฐื ืก ืข ืจ ื”ื ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ ืŸ ื–ื™ ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ , ืื• ืŸ ืคืจื•ื‘ ื˜ ืฆ ื• ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืง ืŸ ื“ืข ื ืคืจืื™ืขืงื˜ .

ืžื™ื™ืกื™'ืก ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืืคืขืงื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืคืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ื•ืจืžืข ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืืก ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืื•ืžืœืขื’ืืœ ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื˜ืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืœืืงืื˜ืืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื•ืืก ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื’. ืื ืฉื˜ืื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืืจืืคื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืœ-ืฉื˜ืืœืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืื›ืŸ ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืœืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ื“ืืก ื”ื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ืžืื›ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืื•ื•ืื•ื™ื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืจืขืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ื•ื•ืื•ื™ื ืขืจ, ืืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขื ืข ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื—ืคืฆื™ื (ื“ื™ ืืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืœืืกื™ืจื˜ ืืœืก ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”). ื›ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืคืืจืื ื˜ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืœื™ื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืืงืฆื™ืขืก, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื™ืกื™ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื ื˜ืœืืคืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืืœื™ืข, ืื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืื™ื™ื ื™ื’ื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืจ ื™ืืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืจืžืข.

ืžืงื•ืจ: opennet.ru

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’