ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืกืงืจืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืึธื‘ืึธื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš

ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืึทื– ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืงื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ "ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข" ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืกื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง (ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืฆื• ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ - ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ). ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืกืคึผืจืขื“ ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื“ื•ืกื™ื ื’ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืœืขืจ-ื‘ืœืึธืง ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืžืึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ืžืขืจ ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ. ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ.

ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืกืงืจืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืึธื‘ืึธื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš

2009-2010. ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืจื“ื•ื™ื ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืกืงืจืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืžืืก. ืึทืคืึธืจื“ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืงืึทื ื’ืงืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขื ื˜ื•ื–ื™ืึทืกืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจืขืจืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืกื•ื•ื™ื ื’ (ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“) ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึผืœืึทืฅ.

ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, Scratch, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 1.4 ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื”ืื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’. ืขืก ื™ื ืงืœื•ื“ื– ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ Lego WeDo (ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก) ืื•ืŸ PicoBoard ื‘ืึธืจื“ื–.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื˜ Arduino ืื•ืŸ ืจืึธื•ื‘ืึทืฅ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืก, ืคึผืจืขืคืขืจืึทื‘ืœื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึทืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ ืึทืจื“ื•ื™ื ืึธ ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื– ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื“ ืื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืขื“ ื“ื™ ืกื›ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืก (ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ "ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืื•ื™ืก") ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžื•ื•ืึทืจืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืึทืงืกืขืก (ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ ). ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื™ืงืขืจ, ScratchDuino ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ 2010 (ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื™ืจืžืข).

ื "ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืคึผืึทื˜ืจืึธืŸ" ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ (ืจืขืžืึทื ื™ืกืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืงืจืึธ: ื‘ื™ืกืœ?), ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืžืึทื•ื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจืึธื‘ืึธื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืงืจืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ืก ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜-ืื™ืŸ ืกืขื ืกืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–.

ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืกืงืจืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืึธื‘ืึธื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš

ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืกืงืจืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืึธื‘ืึธื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš

ื“ืขืจ ืจืึธื‘ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉื ืึทืœื™ ื‘ื“ืขื” ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื’ืึธ-ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ:

ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืกืงืจืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืึธื‘ืึธื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš

ืื™ืŸ 2011, ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ (ื ืึธืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืœื™ื ืงืก ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ 2013) ืขืก ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ROBBO.

ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืกืงืจืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืึธื‘ืึธื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš

ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื˜ืขื ื”ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืคืจืื™ืขืงื˜ืŸ. ื™ืึธ, ื“ื™ S4A ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื™ืžืขื“ ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ Arduino ืกื˜ื™ืœ (ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœืึธื’ ืึทื•ื˜ืคึผื•ืฅ) ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทื“ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืงืจืึทืฆืŸ, ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืงืขืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ "ื•ื•ืึทื ื™ืœ" ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข (ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ. ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืžืึทื“ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ืกืคึผืึทืกื™ืคื™ืงืœื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืขื ืกืึธืจืก 1 ืฆื• 4).

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืขืก ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก Scratch 2.0 ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืคึผืœื•ื’ื™ื ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ Arduino ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก ืจืึธื•ื‘ืึทืฅ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ Scratch 3.0 ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืกื˜ืœ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึธื•ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืก.

ื‘ืœืึธืงืœื™. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึธืœืงืก ืจืึธื•ื‘ืึทืฅ ื•ื•ื™ MBot (ื•ื•ืึธืก, ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืื•ื™ืš ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึท ืžืึทื“ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืกืงืจืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ), ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื’ืจืึทืžื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืง ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืกืงืจืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึท ืžืึทื“ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืœืึธืงืงืœื™ ืคึฟื•ืŸ Google. ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฆื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื™ื ืคืœื•ืึทื ืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ื™ึทืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ื™ Scratchduino ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ Blockly ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ 2013, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืขืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึธื•ื‘ืึทืฅ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ืึธืš.

ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืกืงืจืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืึธื‘ืึธื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš

ืื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืœืึธืงืœื™ ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืจืึธื•ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ืง ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ืงืจื™ื™ื– ืจืึธื•ื‘ืึทืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ืึท ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก (ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืกืึทื ื’ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึทื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ืึทืŸ) ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืคืขื“ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงืจืึทืฆืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ "ืงืึทื ืคืจืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ" ืžื™ื˜ ืœืขื’ืึธ :)

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ื ืึธืš 2013? ืื™ืŸ 2014, ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ PROSTOROBOT (aka SIMPLEROBOT) ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื˜ ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืจื™ื™ึท. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงืจืึทืฅ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ื™ื™ืŸ.

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ื“ื™ื•ื•ืขืœืึทืคึผืžืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืจืึธื‘ืึธื˜ ืžืึธื“ืขืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืกืงืจืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืึทืžืœื™ื ื’ ืกื ืึทืคึผ!
ื“ื™ PDF ื˜ืขืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื•ื ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ ะฟะพ ััั‹ะปะบะต, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ. ืึทืœืฅ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 3 ืคื•ืŸ ืกืงืจืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ.

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืจืึธื•ื‘ืึทืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืกืงืจืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ืึธืจื“ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ืงืจื™ื™ื– ืฉืคึผื™ืœ "Battle of the Golems. ืงืึธืจื˜ ืœื™ื’ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคึผืึทืจืจืึธื‘ืึธืฅ" ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ Crowdrepublic.

ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืกืงืจืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืึธื‘ืึธื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื•ืŸ "ืคื™ืœืŸ" ื˜ืจืขื ื“ืก ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืžืึทืกื™ื•ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืกืขื ืฉืึทืœื™ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืง, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึธืจืึทืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืืœืฅ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคื•ืกื™ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืงืจืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื“ื•ื™ื ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ืจืึธื•ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ืงืก ืืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’