ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ OpenBSD 6.5

ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™, ืงืจื™ื™ึทื–-ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข UNIX-ื•ื•ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืึธืคึผืขื ื‘ืกื“ 6.5. ื“ื™ OpenBSD ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš Theo de Raadt ืื™ืŸ 1995, ื ืึธืš ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ NetBSD ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก, ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก Teo ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืงื ื˜ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ NetBSD CVS ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, Theo de Raadt ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ื™-ืžื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื“ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืึธืคึฟืŸ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ NetBSD ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื™ื, ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืฆื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ (ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš 13 ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืก), ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืขืจื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข, ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื. ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื™ื™ึทื ืžืึธื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ISO ื‘ื™ืœื“ OpenBSD 6.5 ื‘ืึทื–ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– 407 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื–ื™ืš, ื“ื™ OpenBSD ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืกืคึผืจืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื–. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™: LibreSSL (ื’ืึธืคึผืœ OpenSSL), OpenSSH, ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ PF, ืจื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขืžืึธื ืก OpenBGPD ืื•ืŸ OpenOSPFD, ื ื˜ืคึผ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ OpenNTPD, ืคึผืึธืกื˜ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ OpenSMTPD, ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืงื–ืึทืœ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืคึผืœืขืงืกืขืจ (ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• GNU ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ) ื˜ืžื•ืงืก, ื“ืขืžืึธืŸ identd ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IDENT ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ, ืึท BSDL ืื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืฆื• ื“ื™ GNU groff ืคึผืขืงืœ - mandoc, ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืฉื•ืœื“-ื˜ืึธืœืขืจืึทื ื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ CARP (Common Address Redundancy Protocol), ืœื™ื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ, ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ OpenRSYNC.

ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื ืึธื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: ืึท ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื‘ื’ืคึผื“ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขื , ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืืกื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืึทืก, ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Xenocara ืื•ืŸ tcpdump ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืื™ื– ื™ืœื™ืžืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“, ื“ื™ LDD ืœื™ื ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ amd64 ืื•ืŸ i386, MPLS ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืœื™ืžืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“. ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืขืงืกืคึผืœื•ื™ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื˜ืจืึทืงื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืจืงื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ, ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ ืจืขืงื•ืจืกื™ื•ื•ืข ื“ื ืก ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜, ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ rsync ื ื•ืฆืŸ. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขื .

ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืžืึทื ืฅ:

  • ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ amd64 ืื•ืŸ i386 ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจื–, ื“ื™ LDD ืœื™ื ืงืขืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ LLVM ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ mips64 ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืงืœืึทื ื’ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ;
  • ื ื™ื• ืคึผื•ื•ืงืœืึทืง ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืึทื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœื™ื–ืขื“ ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ึทืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืงืกืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ืขื˜ื”ืขืจื ืขื˜ 700. ื“ื™ ื•ืึทื•ื“ื™ืึธ ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ืกื‘ ืึทื•ื“ื™ืึธ 2.0.
  • ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืœื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก bwfm, iwn, iwm ืื•ืŸ athn. ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ RTM_80211INFO ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืœื™ืก ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ื”ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืจืฉืจื•ื˜ ืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื–. ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืœื™ืก ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ - ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื“ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธ-ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื”, OpenBSD ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฅ ืฆื• ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก (ืฆื• ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ื ืขืฅ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื”);
  • ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทื“ื•ืกื™ื– ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ืคึผืข (ื‘ืึทืงื‘ืึธื ืข ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขื“ื–ืฉ) ืื•ืŸ mpip (MPLS IP ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข 2) ืคึผืกืขื•ื•ื“ืึธ-ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก. ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจ ืึธืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืจื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึธื•ืžื™ื™ื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ MPLS ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื–. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืœืึทืŸ ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื™ืคึผืึทืก ืจื™ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ื ืขืฅ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“. ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ txprio ืžืึธื“ืข ืฆื• ifconfig ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืงืึธื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืขื“ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืึทืœื“ ืคึผืึทืงื™ืฅ (ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืœืึทืŸ, ื’ืจืข, ื’ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ etherip ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก);
  • ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ bpf ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืคึผ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืึธืŸ ืงืึทืคึผื˜ืฉืขืจื™ื ื’ ืคึผืึทืงื™ืฅ. ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ tcpdump ืฆื• ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืžื™ื˜ืœ;
  • ื“ืขืจ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึธืœืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ rdsetroot ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืกืง ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ RAMDISK. ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ ืจื™ืœื™ืกื™ื– ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืื™ื– ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื“;
  • ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืจื•ืคืŸ ืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืึทืงืกืขืก. ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืขืœืขืš ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืกื™ื ื’ ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืคึผืึทื˜ืก. ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงื˜ื™ื“ ื˜ืขืงืข ื“ืจืš ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึธื•ื›ื™ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทื“. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ospfd, ospf6d, rebound, getconf, kvm_mkdb, bdftopcf, Xserver, passwd, spamlogd, spamd, sensorsd, snmpd, htpasswd ืื•ืŸ ifstated, ืฉื•ืฅ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“;
  • ืงืœืึทื ื’ ื”ืื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืœืึทืงื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืขืจ-ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ (ROP) ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืœื™ืžืึธืจืคื™ืง ื’ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืฅ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ i386 ืื•ืŸ ืึทืžื“64 ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจื–;
  • ืงืœืึทื ื’ ื”ืื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ
    ืฉื•ืฅ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื RETGUARD, ืึทื™ืžืขื“ ืฆื• ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืงืกืคึผืœื•ื™ืฅ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื‘ืึทืจืึธื•ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืจืขืงืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื“ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ-ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก. ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข, ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจืขื“ื–ืฉื™ืกื˜ืขืจื– ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ืงืึทืฉ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื™ืคื™ืฉืึทื ื˜ืœื™ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ. RETGUARD ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืื ืขืœืŸ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ amd64 ืื•ืŸ arm64 ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ;

  • ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“: ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ MPLS ืคึผืึทืงื™ืฅ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• pcap-filter. ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจ ืจื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจื™ื™ืึธืจืึทื˜ื™ื– ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ospfd, ospf6d ืื•ืŸ ripd. ืื™ืŸ
    ืจื™ืคึผื“ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืฉื•ืฅ ืฆื•ื–ืึธื’. ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ sff ืื•ืŸ sffdump ืžืึธื“ืขืก ืฆื• ifconfig ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ืึทื’ื ืึธืกื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ืขืจ;

  • ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ืจืขืกืึธืœื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ืจืขืงื•ืจืกื™ื•ื•ืข ื“ื ืก ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืคึผืฅ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ 127.0.0.1.
    ืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื“ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืœืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืคึผืก, ืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืœื™ืก ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงืฅ ื‘ืœืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ DNS ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ื ืขืฅ, ืึธืคึผืจื•ืขืŸ ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื™ื– ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืงื•ืจืกื™ื•ื•ืข ื“ื ืก ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื“ ื“ื•ืจืš DHCP, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืฆื• ืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื™ืงืœื™ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื™ื ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ืึทื ื˜ืœื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ, ืขืก ืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื™ื ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ืึทื ื˜ืœื™ ืึทืงืกืขืก. ื“ื ืก ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก;

  • ืื™ืŸ bgpd, ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ, ืึท ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ (ืžืขืจื“ื–ืฉื– ืคึฟื™ืœื˜ืจื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜), ื“ื™ BGP MPLS VPN ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื“, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ IPv6 BGP MPLS VPN ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. , ืื•ืŸ "ื•ื•ื™-ืึธื•ื•ืขืจืจื™ื™ื“" ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจ AS ืฆื• ื”ื™ื’ืข AS ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืก, ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึทืžื™ื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ, ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื ื™ื™ึท ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ "*", "ืœืึธืงืึทืœ-ื•ื•ื™" ืื•ืŸ "ืฉืึธื›ืŸ" -ืึทืก, ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืกืขื˜ืึทืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื, ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืืจื•ืžื™ืงืข ืึธื˜ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืก ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ("ื‘ื’ืคึผืงื˜ืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข", "ื‘ื’ืคึผืงื˜ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข", "ื‘ื’ืคึผืงื˜ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืจื™ืคึผ ื—ื‘ืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข"), ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ BGP VPN ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• bgpctl. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธืœ, ืึท ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹OpenBGPD-ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜, ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ OpenBSD;
  • ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืงื•ื‘ืกืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ ืงืึทืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ OpenBSD ืงืขืจืŸ.
  • ื“ื™ tcpdump ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื™ืœื™ืžืึทื ื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื–;
  • ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ืžืึทืœืœืึธืง ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™-ื˜ืจืขื“ื™ื“ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–;
  • ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึทืฅ OpenRSYNC ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ rsync ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ;
  • ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ OpenSMTPD ืคึผืึธืกื˜ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืงืจื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืึธืŸ "ืคึฟื•ืŸ rdns" ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• smtpd.conf, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืกืขืฉืึทื ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ ื“ื ืก ื”ืึทื›ืœืึธื˜ืข (ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš IP). ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ;
  • ื“ื™ OpenSSH 8.0 ืคึผืขืงืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜, ืึท ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืžืึทื ืฅ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ;
  • ื“ื™ LibreSSL ืคึผืขืงืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜, ืึท ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืžืึทื ืฅ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืึทื ืึทื•ื ืกื™ื– 2.9.0 ะธ 2.9.1;
  • Mandoc ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ HTML ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืจืขื ื“ืขืจื™ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท "-ืึธ" ืคืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืขืคึฟืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืคึฟื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ;
  • ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Xenocara ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืก ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื“: ื“ื™ X ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืขื˜ื•ื™ื“ ืคืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ. ื“ื™ ืจืึทื“ืขืึธื ืกื™ ืžืขืกืึท ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืกืึธื•ื˜ื”ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื ื–ืœืขืŸ (ืจืึทื“ืขืึธืŸ ื”ื“ 7000) ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืื™ื ื–ืœืขืŸ (ืจืึทื“ืขืึธืŸ ื”ื“ 8000) ื’ืคึผื•ืก;
  • C ++ ืคึผืึธืจืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืœืึทื ื’ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœื“ ืžื™ื˜ GCC ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจืฅ. ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึทืžื“64 ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 10602, ืคึฟืึทืจ aarch64 - 9654, ืคึฟืึทืจ i386 - 10535. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจืฅ, ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜:
    • ืึทืกื˜ืขืจื™ืกืง 16.2.1
    • Audacity 2.3.1
    • ืžืึทื›ืŸ 3.10.2
    • ื›ืจืื 73.0.3683.86
    • ืคืคืžืคึผืขื’ 4.1.3
    • GCC 4.9.4 ืื•ืŸ 8.3.0
    • GNOME 3.30.2.1
    • ื’ื™ื™ 1.12.1
    • JDK 8u202 ืื•ืŸ 11.0.2+9-3
    • LLVM/Clang 7.0.1
    • ืœื™ื‘ืจืขืึธืคืคื™ืกืข ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก
    • ืœื•ืึท 5.1.5, 5.2.4 ืื•ืŸ 5.3.5
    • ืžืึทืจื™ืึทื“ื‘ 10.0.38
    • ืžืึธื ืึธ 5.18.1.0
    • ืžืึธื–ื™ืœืœืึท ืคื™ืจืขืคืึธืงืก 66.0.2 ืื•ืŸ ESR 60.6.1
    • ืžืึธื–ื™ืœืœืึท ื˜ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื‘ื™ืจื“ ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก
    • Node.js 10.15.0
    • OpenLDAP 2.3.43 ืื•ืŸ 2.4.47
    • ืคืคึผ 7.1.28, 7.2.17 ืื•ืŸ 7.3.4
    • ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืคื™ืงืก 3.3.3 ืื•ืŸ 3.4.20190106
    • ืคึผืึธืกื˜ื’ืจืขืกืงืœ 11.2
    • ืคึผื™ื˜ื”ืึธืŸ 2.7.16 ืื•ืŸ 3.6.8
    • ืจ ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก
    • ืจื•ื‘ื™ 2.4.6, 2.5.5 ืื•ืŸ 2.6.2
    • ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืขืจ 1.33.0
    • ืกืขื ื“ืžืึทื™ืœ 8.16.0.41
    • SQLite3 3.27.2
    • Meerkat 4.1.3
    • ื˜ืงืœ/ื˜ืง 8.5.19 ืื•ืŸ 8.6.8
    • ื˜ืขืงืก ืœื™ื™ื•ื• 2018
    • ื•ื•ื™ื 8.1.1048 ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืึธื•ื•ื™ื 0.3.4
    • Xfce 4.12
  • ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ OpenBSD 6.5:
    • Xenocara ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืก ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ X.Org ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ 1.19.7 ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉืึทื–, ืคืจืขืขื˜ื™ืคึผืข 2.9.1, fontconfig 2.12.4, Mesa 18.3.5, xterm 344, xkeyboard-config 2.20;
    • LLVM / Clang 7.0.1 (ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉืึทื–)
    • GCC 4.2.1 (ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉืึทื–) ืื•ืŸ 3.3.6 (ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉืึทื–)
    • ืคึผืขืจืœ 5.28.1 (ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉืึทื–)
    • NSD 4.1.27
    • ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ 1.9.1
    • ื ืงื•ืจืกืขืก 5.7
    • Binutils 2.17 (ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉืึทื–)
    • Gdb 6.3 (ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉืึทื–)
    • ืื•ื™ื’ื•ืกื˜ 10, 2011
    • ืขืงืกืคึผืึทื˜ 2.2.6

ืžืงื•ืจ: opennet.ru

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’