ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ToaruOS 1.14 ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื•ืŸ Kuroko 1.1 ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš

ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ToaruOS 1.14 ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื, ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ืึท ื™ื•ื ื™ืงืก-ื•ื•ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืงืจืึทืฆืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืงืขืจืŸ, ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืœืึธื•ื“ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ C ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง, ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ, ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืึทืœ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธืกื™ื˜ืข ืคึฟืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ Python 3 ืื•ืŸ GCC. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ C ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ BSD ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ. ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ 14 ืžื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจืืคืงืืคื™ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ QEMU, VMware ืึธื“ืขืจ VirtualBox.

ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ToaruOS 1.14 ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื•ืŸ Kuroko 1.1 ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš

ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ 2010 ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืœืœื™ื ืึธื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื ื™ื™ึท ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืึทืœ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื–. ื–ื™ื ื˜ 2012, ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ToaruOS ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืึธืคึผืจื•ื˜ืขื’ ืคืขืจื“ืœ, ืคึผื™ืงื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืงื”ืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืคืึธืจืขื, ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ ืคึฟืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ื ืึทืžื™ืงืึทืœืœื™ ืœื™ื ื’ืงื˜ ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืื™ืŸ ELF ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜, ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ื˜ืึทืกืงื™ื ื’, ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ืกื˜ืึทืงืก.

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืขืงืœ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Python 3.6 ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ToaruOS-ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืึทืœ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืจืขื“ืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ, ืคึผื“ืฃ ืฆื•ืงื•ืงืขืจ, ืงืึทืœืงื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืจื™ื™ึท. ื“ืจื™ื˜-ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ToaruOS ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ Vim, GCC, Binutils, FreeType, MuPDF, SDL, Cairo, Doom, Quake, Super Nintendo ืขืžื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ, Bochs, ืขื˜ืง.

ToaruOS ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึท ื›ื™ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืœืขืจ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื– ืึท ืžืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืจื™ื™ืžื•ื•ืขืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืœืึธื•ื“ืึทื‘ืœืข ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืึธืจืขื ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ืกืง ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก (PATA ืื•ืŸ ATAPI), EXT2 ืื•ืŸ ISO9660 ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ, Framebuffer. , ืงื™ื‘ืึธืจื“ื–, ืžื™ืกืข, ื ืขืฅ ืงืึทืจื“ืก (AMD PCnet FAST, Realtek RTL8139 ืื•ืŸ Intel PRO/1000), ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก (Intel AC'97), ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ VirtualBox ืึทื“-ืึธื ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืึทืกื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ.

ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ืงืก ืคึฟืขื“ืขื, ื˜ื˜ื™, ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ื˜ื”ืจืขืึทื“ื™ื ื’, IPC, ืฉืขืจื“ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ, ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ื˜ืึทืกืงื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ext2 ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืฆื• ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ, ืึท ืคึผืกืขื•ื•ื“ืึธ-FS / ืคึผืจืึธืง ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก.

ืคึผืœืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ 2021 ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ 64-ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืงืก 86-64 ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ (ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ, ืึทืกืขืžื‘ืœื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ 32-ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืงืก 86 ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ) ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ (SMP). ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื’ืึธื•ืœื– ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืžื™ื˜ POSIX ืกืคึผืขืกืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก, ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ C ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ืฆื• ื“ื™ Newlib ืžื“ืจื’ื”, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข C ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื.

ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื“ื™ื ืึทืžื™ืฉ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, Kuroko, ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ืคึผื™ื˜ื”ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืžื ื”ื’ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืงืึธื“ืข ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืกื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืก ืจื™ื–ืขืžื‘ืึทืœื– ืคึผื™ื˜ื”ืึธืŸ (ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืึทื–ื™ืฉืึทื ื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคืึทืจืงื™ืจืฆื˜ ื“ื™ืืœืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ื˜ื”ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ืงืกืคึผืœื™ืกืึทื˜ ื“ืขืคึฟื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื‘ืึทืœื–) ืื•ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกืึธืœื™ื“ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืงืึธื“ืข ื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ืžื™ืกื˜ ืงืึทืœืขืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ื˜ื”ืจืขืึทื“ื™ื ื’ ืึธืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ืœืึทืงื™ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืจื“ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง (~ 500KB), ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืื•ืŸ ืขืงืกื˜ืขื ืกื™ื‘ืœืข ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ C API. ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ToaruOS, ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก, ืžืึทืงืึธืก, ื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืึธื•ื– ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืึทื•ื–ืขืจื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทืกืขืžื‘ืœื™.

ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ToaruOS ืคืึธื•ืงื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ C ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืจืึธืงืึธ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืžืึทื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทืงืข ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• libc. ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืื™ืŸ VirtualBox ืื™ืŸ EFI ืžืึธื“ืข ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“. ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืกืึธ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืื™ื– ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจืึทืŸ ื“ื™ืกืง ื‘ื™ืœื“.

ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Kuroko 1.1 ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืกื™ื ืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ, ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ื˜ื”ืจืขืึทื“ื™ื ื’, ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื– ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืžื™ื˜ Python 3, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทืกื™ื™ื ืžืึทื ืฅ, ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื– ื“ื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ C ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืึทื ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื–, ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ "ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ" ืื•ืŸ "ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ", ื“ื™ OS, dis, fileio ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“, ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ str, ืจืฉื™ืžื”, dict ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืก, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจื™ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืงืึธื“ืข ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื“ ืฆื• MIT (ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹MIT ืื•ืŸ ISC).

ืžืงื•ืจ: opennet.ru

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’