ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Python 3.10 ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš

ื ืึธืš ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Python 3.10 ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ ื™ืึธืจ, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ืจื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ ื™ืึธืจ, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคื™ืงืกื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื ืฆื• ืขืœื™ืžื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืึทืœืฃ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Python 3.11 ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ (ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ, ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื˜ืฉืึทื– ื“ื™ ืึทืœืฃ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’. ). ื“ื™ Python 3.11 ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืฃ ืจื™ืœื™ืกื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ื™ื™ึท ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงื˜. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ื‘ื™ืชื ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื›ื™ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ ืฆื• ืคื™ืงืกื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื’ื–. ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืื ืื˜ืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ืื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ืื•ื ื’ ืงืื ื“ื™ื“ืื˜, ื•ื•ืื• ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืงืข ืกื˜ืื‘ื™ืœื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ.

ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ Python 3.10 ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ:

  • ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทื“ "ื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ" ืื•ืŸ "ืคืึทืœ" ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ืงืึธื“ ืจื™ื“ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™, ืคืึทืจืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืึทืจื™ืฉ ืคึผื™ื˜ื”ืึธืŸ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืงืึธื“ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืง ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืคื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ "ื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ" ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ Scala, Rust ืื•ืŸ F #, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื– ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืขืจื ื– ืœื™ืกื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ "ืคืึทืœ" ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ.

    def http_error (ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืก): ื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืก: ืคืึทืœ 400: ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ "ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ" ืคืึทืœ 401|403|404: ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ "ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜" ืคืึทืœ 418: ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ "ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืฉื™ื™ึทื ื™ืง" ืคืึทืœ _: ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ "ืขืคึผืขืก ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ"

    ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ืคึผืึทืง ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ, ื˜ื•ืคึผืœืขืก, ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืึทืจื™ืฉ ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื‘ืึทืœื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ื ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืก, ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ืึธืš "ืื•ื™ื‘" ื˜ื ืึธื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ, ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืžืึทืกืงืก ("[ืจืขื ื˜ื’ืขื , ื™, * ืžื ื•ื—ื”]"), ืฉืœื™ืกืœ / ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžืึทืคึผื™ื ื’ื– (ืœืžืฉืœ, {"ื‘ืึทื ื“ื•ื•ื™ื“ื˜": ื‘, "ืœื™ื™ื˜ืึทื ืกื™) โ€: ืœ} ืฆื• ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ "ื‘ืึทื ื“ื•ื•ื™ื“ื˜" ืื•ืŸ "ืœื™ื™ื˜ืึทื ืกื™" ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืš), ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ืกื•ื‘ื˜ืขืžืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืก (":=" ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ), ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืืกืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืงืึทืกื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ "__match__ ()" ืื•ืคึฟืŸ.

    ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทืงืœืึทืกืก ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืคื™ืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทืงืœืึทืก @ื“ืึทื˜ืึทืงืœืึทืกืก ืงืœืึทืก ืคื•ื ื˜: x: int y: int def whereis (ืคื•ื ื˜): ื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ืคื•ื ื˜: ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ื ื˜ (0, 0): ื“ืจื•ืง ("ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ืŸ") ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ื ื˜ (ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก, ื™): ื“ืจื•ืง (ืค" ื™={ื™}") ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ื ื˜ (ืจืขื ื˜ื’ืขื , 0): ื“ืจื•ืง (ืค"ืจืขื ื˜ื’ืขื ={ืจืขื ื˜ื’ืขื }") ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ื ื˜ (): ื“ืจื•ืง ("ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ") ืคืึทืœ _: ื“ืจื•ืง ("ื ื™ื˜ ืึท ืคื•ื ื˜") ื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ืคื•ื ื˜: ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ื ื˜ (ืจืขื ื˜ื’ืขื , ื™) ืื•ื™ื‘ ืจืขื ื˜ื’ืขื  == ื™: ื“ืจื•ืง (ืค"ื™=ืจืขื ื˜ื’ืขื  ื‘ื™ื™ {ืจืขื ื˜ื’ืขื }") ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ื ื˜ (ืจืขื ื˜ื’ืขื , ื™): ื“ืจื•ืง (ืค"ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืึทื’ืึธื ืึทืœ") ืจื•ื™ื˜, ื’ืจื™ืŸ, BLUE = 0, 0, 1 ื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ืงืึธืœื™ืจ: ืงืึทืกืข RED: print ("ืื™ืš ื–ืขืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜!") ืงืึทืกืข GREEN: print ("ื’ืจืึธื– ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ืŸ") case BLUE: print ("ืื™ืš ืคื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื–: (")

  • ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืงืœืึทืžืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืคึฟื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืžืึทื ืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืจื– ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ืงืึธืžืข ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข: ืžื™ื˜ ( CtxManager1 () ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ1, CtxManager2 () ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ2, CtxManager3 () ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ3, ): ...
  • ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ืจื™ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ืึทื ืงืœืึธื•ื–ื“ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืกืึทื– ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืึธื˜ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืœ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืึทื ืงืœืึธื•ื–ื“ ื‘ืจืึทืกืข, ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืกื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืก ื˜ืขื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืœ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ืขืคืŸ ื‘ืจืึทืกืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ืฅ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืœืึธืง. ื˜ืขืงืข "example.py", ืฉื•ืจื” 1 ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ = {9:1, 18:2, 19:2, 27:3, 28:3, 29:3, 36:4, 37:4, ^SyntaxError: '{' ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืคืืจืžืื›ื˜

    ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืกื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืก ื˜ืขื•ืช ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ: ืคืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ":" ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืงืฉืึทื ืขืจื™ื–, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืกืขืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ื˜ื•ืคึผืœืข ืžื™ื˜ ืงืœืึทืžืขืจืŸ, ืคืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ืึท ืงืึธืžืข ืื™ืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืึท "ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ" ื‘ืœืึธืง ืึธืŸ "ื—ื•ืฅ" ืื•ืŸ "ืขื ื“ืœืขืš", ื ื™ืฆืŸ "= " ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "= =" ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจืึทืกืึทื ื–, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ *-ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ f-ืกื˜ืจื™ื ื’ืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืขืก ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืื™ื– ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“, ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘, ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื™ืงืกืคึผืœื™ืกืึทื˜ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืœืฉ ื™ื ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. >>> ื“ืขืค ืคืึธืึธ (): ... ืื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืœ: ... x = 2 ื˜ืขืงืข " ", ืฉื•ืจื” 3 ืจืขื ื˜ื’ืขื  = 2 ^ ื™ื ื“ืขื ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื˜ืขื•ืช: ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ ืึทืŸ ื™ื ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ื‘ืœืึธืง ื ืึธืš 'ืื•ื™ื‘' ื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” 2

    ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ื™ืคึผืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข, ืึท ืจืขืงืึธืžืขื ื“ืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜. >>>collections.namedtoplo ื˜ืจืึทืกืขื‘ืึทืง (ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืจื•ืคืŸ): ื˜ืขืงืข ยซ ", ืฉื•ืจื” 1, ืื™ืŸ ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ืขืจืจืึธืจ: ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข 'ื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ' ื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ 'ื ืึทืžืขื“ื˜ืึธืคึผืœืึธ'. ื”ืืกื˜ ื’ืขืžืฒื ื˜: ื ืืžืขืŸ?

  • ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืึทื’ื™ื ื’ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœืขืจืก, ืฉืคึผื•ืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืฉื•ืจื” ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืงืกืึทืงื™ื•ื˜ืึทื“ ืงืึธื“.
  • ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ sys.flags.warn_default_encoding ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืืจืขื ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ TextIOWrapper ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ () ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ UTF-8 ืขื ืงืึธื•ื“ื™ื“ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืึธืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ 'ืขื ืงืึธื“ื™ื ื’=ยปutf-8โ€ณ' ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข (ASCII ืงืึธื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜). ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืึทืŸ 'Encoding = "locale"' ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืœืึธืงืึทืœ.
  • ื ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผื™ื ื’ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืึทื ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืึทืœืึทื•ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืก "X | ื™" ืฆื• ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก (X ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ ื˜ื™ืคึผ). def square(ื ื•ืžืขืจ: int | ืคืœืึธื•ื˜) -> int | ืœืึธื–ื  ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ: ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ** 2 ืื™ื– ืขืงื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ: ื“ืขืฃ ืงื•ื•ืึทื“ืจืึทื˜ (ื ื•ืžืขืจ: ื™ื•ื ื™ืึทืŸ[ื™ื ื˜, ืœืึธื–ื  ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ]) -> ื™ื•ื ื™ืึทืŸ[ื™ื ื˜, ืœืึธื–ื  ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ]: ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ** 2
  • ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ืงืึทื˜ืขื ืึทื˜ืข ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ParamSpec ื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผื™ื ื’ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืง ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืงืึทืœืœืึทื‘ืœืข. ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผื™ื ื’ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืื•ื™ืš ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก TypeGuard ืฆื• ืึทื ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืฉื•ืฅ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ TypeAlias โ€‹โ€‹ืฆื• ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืึทืœื™ืึทืก. StrCache: TypeAlias โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹= 'Cache[str]' # ืึท ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืึทืœื™ืึทืก
  • ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืคึผ () ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ืึท ืึทืคึผืฉืึทื ืึทืœ "ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’" ืคืึธืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“, ื˜ืฉืขืงืก ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื˜ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืœืขื ื’. >>> ืจืฉื™ืžื” (ื–ื™ืคึผ (('ืึท', 'ื‘', 'c'), (1, 2, 3), ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ = ืืžืช)) [('ืึท', 1), ('ื‘', 2) , ('c', 3)] >>> ืจืฉื™ืžื” (ื–ื™ืคึผ (ืงื™ื™ื˜ (3), ['ืึธืคึผืฆืึธืœ', 'ืคื™', 'ืคืึธ', 'ืคื•ื'], ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ = ืืžืช)) ื˜ืจืึทืกืขื‘ืึทืง (ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืจื•ืคืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ): โ€ฆ ValueError: zip() ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ 2 ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ 1
  • ื ื™ื™ึท ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜-ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืึทื™ื˜ืขืจ () ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืขืงืกื˜ () ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืก ืึทื ืึทืœืึธื’ื•ืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ื™ื˜ืขืจ () ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ().
  • ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจ(), bytes() ืื•ืŸ bytearray() ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืื™ื– ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ 30-40%.
  • ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืคื™ืจ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืคึผื™ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ "python3 -m module_name" ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš 1.4 ืžืืœ ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื™ืžืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื“ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื– ืคื•ืŸ 69 ืฆื• 51.
  • ื“ื™ LOAD_ATTR ืœื™ืžืขื“ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึท ืงืึทื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืึธืคึผืงืึธื“ืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 36% ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืœืึธืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 44%.
  • ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืคึผื™ื˜ื”ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ "--enable-optimizations" ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข, ื“ื™ "-fno-semantic-interposition" ืžืึธื“ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืกืคึผื™ื“ื– ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 30% ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ "--enable-shared" "ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข.
  • ื“ื™ hashlib ืื•ืŸ ssl ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ OpenSSL 3.0.0 ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืืคื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ OpenSSL ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 1.1.1.
  • ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ ืคึผืึทืจืกืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ PEG (Parsing Expression Grammar) ืคึผืึทืจืกืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืื™ื– ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื™ืฃ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ asyncio API. ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื“ื™ืคึผืจื™ืฉื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ. ื“ื™ Py_UNICODE_str* ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืึทื ื™ืคึผื•ืœื™ืจืŸ Py_UNICODE* ืกื˜ืจื™ื ื’ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ.
  • ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกื˜ื•ื˜ื™ืœืก ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืคึผืจื™ืฉื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ Python 3.12. ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ืกื˜ื•ื˜ื™ืœืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขื˜ืึทืคึผ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืคึผืึทืงืงืึทื’ื™ื ื’, ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข, ืฉื•ื˜ื™ืœ, ืกื•ื‘ืคึผืจืึธืกืขืกืก ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกืงืึธื ืคื™ื’ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื–. ื“ื™ wstr ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ PyUnicodeObject ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืคึผืจื™ืฉื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’.

ืžืงื•ืจ: opennet.ru

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’