ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Python 3.8 ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš

ื ืึธืš ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคึผื™ื˜ื”ืึธืŸ ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก. ืงืขืจืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ Python 3.8 ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’ ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ 18 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ 5 ื™ืึธืจ ื‘ื™ื– ืืงื˜ืื‘ืขืจ 2024. ืงืขืจืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ 3.8 ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืงืขืจืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ Python 3.8.1 ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ.

ืฆืฐื™ืฉ ืŸ ื“ ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืข ื™ื ืึธื•ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–:

  • ะŸะพะดะดะตั€ะถะบะฐ ืึทืกื™ื™ื ืžืึทื ื˜ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืงืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ":=" ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทืกื™ื™ื ืžืึทื ื˜ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืงืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธืคึผืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืจื•ืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ื“ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืžืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืœื•ืคึผืก:

    ืื•ื™ื‘ (n := ืœืขื  (ืึท)) > 10:
    ...

    ื‘ืฉืขืช (ื‘ืœืึธืง := f.read(256)) != ":
    ...

  • ะŸะพะดะดะตั€ะถะบะฐ ื ื™ื™ึท ืกื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ื ื•ืžืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืึท ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ื“ืขืคึฟื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืข, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืึท "/" ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืกื™ื™ื ื“ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกื“ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ื•ืžืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืจื•ืคืŸ, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืกื™ื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ (ื•ื•ืึทืจื™ืึทื‘ืœืข = ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืกื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืก)). ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜, ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ Python ืฆื• ื’ืึธืจ ืขืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ C, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื ืขืžืขืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜.

    ื“ื™ "/" ืคืึธืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ "*" ืคืึธืŸ, ืกืขืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื‘ืึทืœื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ืึทืกื™ื™ื ืžืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื "ื•ื•ืึทืจื™ืึทื‘ืœืข = ื•ื•ืขืจื˜" ืื™ื– ืึธื ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืœืขืš. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข "ื“ืขืฃ ืค (ืึท, ื‘, /, C, ื“, *, E, F):" ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื‘ืึทืœื– "ืึท" ืื•ืŸ "ื‘" ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืกื™ื™ื ื“ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื“ืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ืกื˜ืขื“ ,
    ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื‘ืึทืœื– "E" ืื•ืŸ "F", ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืึทืกื™ื™ื ืžืึทื ื˜ "ื•ื•ืึทืจื™ืึทื‘ืœืข = ื•ื•ืขืจื˜", ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื‘ืึทืœื– "C" ืื•ืŸ "ื“" ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ:

    f(10, 20, 30, 40, e=50, f=60)
    f(10, 20, s=30, d=40, e=50, f=60)

  • ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท C API
    ืฆื• ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจ ืคึผื™ื˜ื”ืึธืŸ ื™ื ื™ื˜ื™ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก, ืึทืœืึทื•ื™ื ื’ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึทืœืข ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืกื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–. ื“ื™ ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืึทืคึผื™ ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื™ืžื‘ืขื“ ืคึผื™ื˜ื”ืึธืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืขืจ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข C ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–;

  • ื™ืžืคึผืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืขื“ ื ื™ื™ึท ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจืงืึทืœืœ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ C ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš. ืื™ืŸ CPython 3.8, ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• Vectorcall ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ื ื•ืฆืŸ; ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืึทื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขืš ืฆื•ื˜ืจื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืึทืคึผื™ืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ CPython 3.9;
  • ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืฆื• Runtime Audit Hooks, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืึทืžืขื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืื™ืŸ Python ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– (ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผื•ืจ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืคื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื–, ืขืคืŸ ื˜ืขืงืขืก, ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืึท ืฉืคึผื•ืจ, ืึทืงืกืขืก ื ืขืฅ ืกืึทืงืึทืฅ, ืคืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืงืึธื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืขืงืกืขืง, ืขื•ื•ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื _ืžืึธื“);
  • ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข pickle ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืงืงืœืข 5 ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ, ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื™ืจื™ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืกืขืจื™ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ. ืคึผื™ืงืงืœืข ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึทืžืึทื•ื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผื™ื˜ื”ืึธืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™-ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™-ื ืึธื“ืข ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ื ืึธืš ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ-ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืฉืึทืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื–. ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื ืึธื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืก-ืคื•ืŸ-ื‘ืึทื ื“ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข ืžืึธื“ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขื“ ืกืขืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืœื™ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคึผื™ืงืึทืœ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืš.
  • ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืงืงืœืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ื‘ื™ื– ืึทื”ืขืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืจืขื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ;
  • ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผื™ื ื’ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขื :
    • ืกืึธืจื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืกืกืึธืกื™ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืขืจื™ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ ("TypedDict('Point2D', x=int, y=int, label=str)").
    • ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืžืžืฉ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืจืขื“ืขืคื™ื ืขื“ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ("ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืœ ['ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ', 'ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื“']").
    • ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ "ืœืขืฆื˜", ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื‘ืึทืœื–, ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื–, ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืืกืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื“ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจื™ืึทืกื™ื™ื ื“ ("ืคึผื™: ืคื™ื ืึทืœ [ืคืœืึธื•ื˜] = 3.1415926536").
  • ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœื“ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืึธื“, ื’ืขืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ FS ื‘ื•ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืืคื’ืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉืคึผืึธืจืŸ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืงืึธื“ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข "-X pycache_prefix";
  • ื™ืžืคึผืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืขื“ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ืึทื’ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ Python ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึท ABI ื™ื™ื“ืขื ื™ืงืึทืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืœืึธื“ืŸ ื™ืงืกื˜ืขื ืฉืึทื ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ SI ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœ ืจื™ืœื™ืกื™ื–, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ืึทื’ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ;
  • f-ืกื˜ืจื™ื ื’ืก (ืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืœ ืคึผืจืขืคื™ืงืก ืžื™ื˜ 'f') ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ = ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ (ืœืžืฉืœ, "f'{ืขืงืกืคึผืจ=}'"), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืฆื• ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืึทื’ื™ื ื’. ืœืžืฉืœ:

    โ€บโ€บโ€บ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ = 'ืขืจื™ืง_ื™ื™ื“ืœืข'
    โ€บโ€บโ€บ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“_ื–ื™ื ื˜ = ื˜ืึธื’ (1975, 7, 31)
    โ€บโ€บโ€บ f'{User=} {member_since=}'
    "User='eric_idle' member_since=datetime.date (1975, 7, 31)"

  • ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง "ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸยป ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืง ืœืขืกืึธืฃ;
  • ื ื™ื™ึท ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืคึผืจืึธืกืขืกืกื™ื ื’.ืฉืึทืจืขื“_ืžืขืžืึธืจื™, ืึทืœืึทื•ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืขืจื“ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืกืขื’ืžืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืคึผืจืึธืกืขืกืก ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–;
  • ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ Windows ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข, ื“ื™ ืึทืกื™ื ืกื™ืึธ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืืจืŸ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึทืก ืคึผืจืึธืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืขื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืœืึธืึธืคึผ;
  • ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ LOAD_GLOBAL ืœื™ืžืขื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 40% ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืงืึทื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ืงืึธื“.

ืžืงื•ืจ: opennet.ru

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’