ื•ื•ืขื‘ 3.0 - ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ืึทืœ

ื•ื•ืขื‘ 3.0 - ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ืึทืœ

ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข.

ื•ื•ืขื‘ 1.0 ืื™ื– ืึท ื ืขืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธื•ื ืขืจื–. ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืง HTML ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ, ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ-ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข, ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืขืจืœื™ื ื’ืงืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื™ื– ืึท ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ืœ. ื“ื™ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื™ื ื’ ืึธืคืคืœื™ื ืข ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ: ื“ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื˜ื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืกืงืึทื ื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ (ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืงืึทืžืขืจืึทืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ).

ื•ื•ืขื‘ 2.0 ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ. ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื–, ื’ืขื˜ื•ื‘ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ืœืขืš. ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื“ื™ื ืึทืžื™ืฉ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš, ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื˜ืึทื’ื™ื ื’, ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืกื™ื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืžืึทืฉ-ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, AJAX, ื•ื•ืขื‘ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก. ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก, ื‘ืœืึธื’ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืงืก. ื“ื™ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจ.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ "ื•ื•ืขื‘ 1.0" ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืึทื“ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "ื•ื•ืขื‘ 2.0" ืฆื• ืึธืคึผืฉื™ืงืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 3.0. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจืงืึทืžื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืจื˜ืงืึธืžื™ื ื’ืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ 2.0.

Netscape.com ืกืขืึธ Jason Calacanis ืื™ื– ื‘ืคึฟืจื˜ ื–ืืจื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื‘ืขืš ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ-ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืกื˜ื™ื“ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ "ื˜ืึทืœืึทื ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ" ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• "ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜" (ื•ื•ืขื‘ 3.0, ื“ืขืจ "ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืขืจ "ื“ืขืคึฟื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืข, 2007). ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื• ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš. ื ื•, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืกืขื‘ืึธืึธืง.

ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ "ื•ื•ืขื‘ 2.0," Tim O'Reilly, ืจื™ื–ืึทื ืึทื‘ืœื™ ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืกื˜ื™ื“ ืึทื– ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืึทื ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื“ื™ืขืจื™ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜. ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, Tim O'Reilly ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ 3.0 ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ "ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื”ื™ื ื’ืก" ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–.

ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืข ื•ื•ืขื‘, ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื ืขืจืก-ืœื™, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขืึทืœื™ื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’-ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง (1998) ื—ืœื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื‘. ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืŸ - ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ "ื•ื•ืขื‘ 3.0" ื‘ื™ื– ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ืžืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื‘, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืึท ื ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ื ื’ืคืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ, ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ-ืœื™ื™ื ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง. ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืึทืจื•ื 2010-2012 ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฉืึทื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ - ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 2.0. ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืง ืžืึทืจืงืึทืคึผ ืกื›ืขืžืข Schema.org ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ืจืึทืคืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืžืึธื ืกื˜ืขืจืก Google, ืžื™ื™ืงืจืึธืกืึธืคึฟื˜, ืคืึทืกืขื‘ืึธืึธืง ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืขื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื•ื•ื“.

ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื›ื•ื•ืืœื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ื›ื™ื“ืขืฉ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื‘. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื ื’ื–, ื˜ื™ืฃ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ื“ืจืึธื ืขืก, ืึทื’ืจืขืกื“ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึธื ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ืก ืึธืคืคืœื™ื ืข ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื–, ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื™ืกืขื ืฉืึทืœื™ ืึท ื ืขืฅ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืคึผื•ืœืึทืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ 2017-2018, ืขืก ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืœื™ื™ืžื“ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ (ื“ืขื ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืื™ื– ืจื™ืคึผื™ื˜ื™ื“ืœื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ื”ืขืจืขื•ื, ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืœื•ื‘ื™ืŸ).

ะะพ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปะพ ะฒั€ะตะผั, ะธ ัะปะพะฒะพ โ€œะฑะปะพะบั‡ะตะนะฝโ€ ัั‚ะฐะปะพ ะฐััะพั†ะธะธั€ะพะฒะฐั‚ัŒัั ัƒะถะต ะฝะต ั ะฟั€ะพั€ั‹ะฒะพะผ ะฒ ะฑัƒะดัƒั‰ะตะต, ะฐ ัะบะพั€ะตะต ั ะฝะตะพะฟั€ะฐะฒะดะฐะฝะฝั‹ะผะธ ะฝะฐะดะตะถะดะฐะผะธ. ะ˜ ะตัั‚ะตัั‚ะฒะตะฝะฝั‹ะผ ะพะฑั€ะฐะทะพะผ ะฒะพะทะฝะธะบะปะฐ ะธะดะตั ั€ะตะฑั€ะตะฝะดะธะฝะณะฐ: ะฐ ะดะฐะฒะฐะนั‚ะต ะผั‹ ะฝะต ะฑัƒะดะตั‚ ะณะพะฒะพั€ะธั‚ัŒ ะพ ะฑะปะพะบั‡ะตะนะฝะต, ะบะฐะบ ะพ ัะฐะผะพะดะพัั‚ะฐั‚ะพั‡ะฝะพะผ ะฟั€ะพะตะบั‚ะต, ะฐ ะฒะบะปัŽั‡ะธะผ ะตะณะพ ะฒ ัั‚ะตะบ ั‚ะตั…ะฝะพะปะพะณะธะน, ะพะปะธั†ะตั‚ะฒะพั€ััŽั‰ะธั… ะฒัะต ะฝะพะฒะพะต ะธ ัะฒะตั‚ะปะพะต. ะขัƒั‚ ะถะต ะดะปั ัั‚ะพะณะพ โ€œะฝะพะฒะพะณะพโ€ ะฝะฐัˆะปะพััŒ ะฝะฐะทะฒะฐะฝะธะต (ะฟั€ะฐะฒะดะฐ, ะฝะต ะฝะพะฒะพะต) โ€œweb 3.0โ€. ะ ั‡ั‚ะพะฑั‹ ะบะฐะบ-ั‚ะพ ะพะฟั€ะฐะฒะดะฐั‚ัŒ ัั‚ัƒ ะฝะตะฝะพะฒะธะทะฝัƒ ะฝะฐะทะฒะฐะฝะธั ะฟั€ะธัˆะปะพััŒ ะฒ ัั‚ะตะบ โ€œัะฒะตั‚ะปะพะณะพโ€ ะฒะบะปัŽั‡ะธั‚ัŒ ะธ ัะตะผะฐะฝั‚ะธั‡ะตัะบัƒัŽ ัะตั‚ัŒ.

ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ื’ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื‘ 3.0, ืงืึทื ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื–: ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื ื’ื–. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ื˜ืขืงืกืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจ ื“ืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึท ื’ื™ืœื’ื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ 3.0, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื’ืœื™ืง, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื• ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ: ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืึทื ืฅ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื‘ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ? ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ื˜ื™ืžื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ (ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื• ืคึผื™ืœืงืข, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืžืึทื ืฅ), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื’ื™ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ "ื•ื•ืขื‘ 3.0". ื ืึธืš, ืœืคึผื—ื•ืช ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ ื”ืืคืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ.

ืื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง. ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื‘ืขืงื™ืฆืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ื ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ืข ืคืจืื’ืขืก.

ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ื™ ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืง ื ืขืฅ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ? ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ื“ืึธ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืึท (ืึท ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธ-ืœื™ื ื’ืงื˜ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืœืขื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืึทืฆื™ืข, ืงืึธื ืกืขื ืกื•ืก ื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื“ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืฉื•ืฅ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึทื ืงื•ืงื -ืฆื•-ื™ื™ึทื ืงื•ืงื  ื ืขืฅ . ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื“ื™ ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื ืขืฅ ื ืขืžื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš ื“ื™ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืœืขื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืง ืžืึทืจืงืึทืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืจื™ื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื™ื ื’.

ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึท ืงืึทื ื“ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืงืก? ืึธื ื˜ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ ืื™ื– ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ื™ืง ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก. ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทื– ืึท ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืืจืœื ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื™ื™ึทื ืงื•ืงื -ืฆื•-ื™ื™ึทื ืงื•ืงื  ื ืขืฅ - ืึธื“ืขืจ, ืกื™ืžืคึผืœื™, ื“ื™ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื ืขืฅ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง - ื’ื™ื˜ ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ื˜ืึทืœ ืกืงื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืงืึทืœืœื™ ืคืจื™ื™ึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืžืคึผื™ื ื’ ืึทืœืฅ ื™ื ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ืžืึทื ืึทื˜ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ื ืึธื•ื“ื–.

ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื”ื™ื ื’ืก ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ? ืึทืœืฅ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ - ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืืจืฃ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜-ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื’ ืึทืงื˜ืขืจื– (ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ IoT ืกืขื ืกืึธืจืก) ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืงืก, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืกืขื’ืจืขื’ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ื™ืง ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื–, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืขืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืึทื ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื“ื–, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืขืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš IoT ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืžื™ื ื™ื ื’ืคืึทืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ึท ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ืึทืงื™ื•ืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืึทืคึผื™ืก.

ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืงืขื’ื ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ื ื•ืฅ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืง ื ืขืฅ? ื ื•, ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ื“ืึธ. ื•ื•ื•, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง, ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืงืึธืœืึธืกืึทืœ ืžืขื ื’ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื“ื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“, ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื“, ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืงืึทืœืœื™ ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื ื•ืจืึทื ื–? ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึทื ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ื ืขืฅ ืฆื• ืคื•ื ืึทื ื“ืขืจืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉืขื“ืœืขืš ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœื™ื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืฆื• ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืงืึทื ืกืขืคึผืก, ืกื™ื ืึธื ื™ืžืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืกืคึผืึทื?

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ 3.0 ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ. Jason Calacanis ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึทื– ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ึทื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ืึทืœืึทื ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื ืขืจืก-ืœื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ: ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืงืก ื›ึผืœืœื™ื. ืื•ืŸ Tim O'Reilly ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜: ื•ื•ืขื‘ 3.0 ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ "ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขืœื˜," ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืœืขืจืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจื” ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคืคืœื™ื ืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ "ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ."

ืžื™ื™ื ืข ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ื’ืข ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืข

  1. ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืคื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ (2012)
  2. ื“ื™ ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜. ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜. ื•ื•ืขื‘ 3.0 (ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื, 2013)
  3. ื•ื•ืขื‘ 3.0. ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ-ืฆืขื ื˜ืจื™ื–ื ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ-ืฆืขื ื˜ืจื™ื–ื, ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืจื›ื™ืข ืฆื• ืคึผืœื•ืจืึทืœื™ื–ื (2015)
  4. ื•ื•ืขื‘ 3.0 ืึธื“ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ืกื™ื˜ืขืก (2019)

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’