ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืึท ื‘ืึทื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ื‘ืœืึธืง ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืœืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืคึผ: ืึท ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืžื“ืจื’ื”

ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืึท ื‘ืึทื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ื‘ืœืึธืง ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืœืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืคึผ: ืึท ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืžื“ืจื’ื”

ืคื™ืœืข ื’ื™ื™ืžืขืจื– ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืกื‘ืึธืงืก 360 ื˜ืงื•ืคืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึทื ืกืึธื•ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขืŸ ืคึผืจืขื’ืœืขืŸ ืขื’ื’ืก. ื ืขื ืœืขืš ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืึทืงืขืจื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืงืึทื ืกืึธื•ืœื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึธื ืขืก, ืœืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืคึผืก, ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ, ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืœืึทืคึผ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจืงืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ "ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื‘ื•ื" ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืจื™ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ืฉืึธื“ืŸ. ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืื ืคืืจื“ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜, ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ืง ืคื•ืจื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืืžื™ืงืก, ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ื ืฉื™ืœื“ ื•ื•ืืก ื‘ืืฉื™ืฆื˜ ื”ื™ืฅ-ืฉืขื ืกื™ื•ื•ืข ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืื ื™ืฉืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ, ืืœืก ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜, ืคืืจืžื™ื™ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆืขื‘ืจืื›ืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื’ืขืจืื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืฉื™ืœื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ืขืก? ืžื™ืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข. ื’ื™ื™.

ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื™ืงืขืจ

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื›ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคืึธืœืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœืื–, ืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ืคื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืจืึทื“ื™ืึทืฆื™ืข ื™ื ืกืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื–. ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืจื™ืึทืœืึทื˜ื™ื–, ื“ืขื ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืฆื• ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก ืึธืŸ ืœื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ื™ื ืกืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ืขืก. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกืขืจื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ.

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืึทื ืึธืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ื™ื ืกืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื•ื•ืœืขื ื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœืึทื ืฅ (ืคืึธื ืึธื ืก*) ืื™ื– ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืงื™ืจืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื•ื˜ืึทื ื–.

ืคืึธื ืึธืŸ* - ืึท ืงื•ื•ืึทื–ื™ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืึทืœ ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธืกืึธื ื™ืง ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธื ืึธื ืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ืึธื•ืœื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉ (ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆืึธืœ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจื–), ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื”ื™ืฅ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืึธืœื™ื“ืก.

ื‘ื™ื– ืึทื”ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืœื™ื“ืก, ื•ื•ื™ ืจื™ืกืขืจื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืึทื ืึธืœืึทืžื™ื ืึทื˜ืข ืคื™ืœืžืก ืื•ืŸ ืกื•ืคึผืขืจืœืึทื˜ืึทืกืึทื– ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืึทืœ ื“ื™ืกืึธืจื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืกื™ืœื™ืฆื™ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืžืึทื ื™ื•ื ื ืึทื ืึธื•ื•ื™ืจืขืก ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืคืึธื ืึธืŸ ืฆืขื•ื•ืึธืจืคืŸ.

ืฆื• ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ื™ื ืกืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ืคืึทื“ืึทื ื˜ืœื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก, ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื™ืงืกื™ื“ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทื˜ืึธืžืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืึธื’. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืœืก (ื•ื•ื“ื•) ืคึฟืึทืจื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ื“ื™ืŸ 2 ื“ ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ.

ื•ื•ืืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืœืก ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช* - ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืžืึธืœืขืงื•ืœืึทืจ / ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคืึธืจืกืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹10-20 ืงื“ื–ืฉ / ืžืึธืœ.

ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืง ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ืึท 2 ื ื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ื“ื•ื• ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืึท 2 nm ื“ื™ืง SiO300 (ืกื™ืœื™ืฆื™ื•ื ื“ื™ื™ืึทืงืกื™ื™ื“) ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื“ื•ื• ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืขื˜ืขืจืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื™ืึทืก XNUMX ื“ ืžืึธื ืึธืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืžืึทืกืข ื“ืขื ืกืึทื˜ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืก.

ืึทื–ื•ื™, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืฅ ืก ื•ื•ืึธื ืฆืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืžื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’.

ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ

ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื“ื•ื• ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืก ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ.

ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืึท ื‘ืึทื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ื‘ืœืึธืง ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืœืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืคึผ: ืึท ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืžื“ืจื’ื”
ื‘ื™ืœื“ #1

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ 1 ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืึท ืงืจื™ื™ึทื–-ืกืขืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ืคื™ืจ-ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทื ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ (ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืฆื• ื“ื ืึธ): ื’ืจืึทืคืขื ืข (ื’ืจ), ืžืึธืกืข 2, ืžืึธืก 2, ื•ื•ืก 22 ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ืึธ 2 / ืกื™ ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜. ืฆื• ื™ื‘ืขืจืงื•ืงืŸ ืึทืœืข ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืกืœื™, ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืจืึทืžืึทืŸ ืœืึทื–ืขืจ* ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ื•ื•ืœืขื ื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 532 ื ื.

ืจืึทืžืึทืŸ ืœืึทื–ืขืจ* - ืึท ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื–ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืึทืžืคึผืœืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืจืึทืžืึทืŸ ืฆืขื•ื•ืึธืจืคืŸ.

ืจืึทืžืึทืŸ ืฆืขื•ื•ืึธืจืคืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืจ, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื™ื ืึทืœืึทืกื˜ื™ืง ืฆืขื•ื•ืึธืจืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืจืึทื“ื™ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืœืึทืงื™ื•ืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื™ืึทืฆื™ืข.

ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืึทืœ, ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ื›ืึธื•ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ: ืกืงืึทื ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผื™ (STEM), ืคืึธื˜ืึธืœื•ืžื™ื ืขืกืขื ืกืข ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจืึทืกืงืึธืคึผื™ (PL), ืงืขืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืึธื ื“ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผื™ (KPM), ืกืงืึทื ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผื™ (SThM), ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืจืึทืžืึทืŸ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจืึทืกืงืึธืคึผื™ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžืึธืžืขื˜ืจื™ .

ะ˜ะทะพะฑั€ะฐะถะตะฝะธะต 1b ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืึทืŸ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจ / ืžืึธืกืข 2 / ืžืึธืก 2 / ื•ื•ืก 22 ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืกื™ืึธ 2 / ืกื™ ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื˜ ืื ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ืกื™ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื ืึธืœื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืžืขื ื’ืข, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื›ืกื™ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืกื™ ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜.

ืื•ื™ืฃ 1c-1f ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“ STEM ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจ / ืžืึธืกืข 2 / ืžืึธืก 2 / ื•ืกืข 22 ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ (1 ืก) ืื•ืŸ Gr/MoS2/WSe22 ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจืขืก (1d-1f) ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืœืึทื˜ืึทืก ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. STEM ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ื“ื•ื• ื’ืึทืคึผืก ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ืึทืžืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืึทืœืึทื•ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœืขืœื“ื™ืง ื’ืจืขื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจืขืก ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง. ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืœื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืงืึทืคึผืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืกืงืึทื ื™ื ื’ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืึธืœื•ืžื™ื ืขืกืขื ืกืข (PL) ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผื™ (1g). ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืึธืœื•ืžื™ื ืขืกืขื ื˜ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืกืึทืคึผืจืขืกื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืžืึธื ืึธืœื™ื™ึทืขืจ. ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืœื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฆืึธืœ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืœื™ื™ึทืขืจ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืึทื ื™ืœื™ื ื’.

ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืึท ื‘ืึทื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ื‘ืœืึธืง ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืœืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืคึผ: ืึท ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืžื“ืจื’ื”
ื‘ื™ืœื“ #2

ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฅ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคึผืขืจืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืงื•ืœืึทืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืคึผืœื™ื™ื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื’ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ-ื–ืึธื ื“ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก. ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ืคึผืึทืœืœืึทื“ื™ื•ื (ืคึผื“) ื™ืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื•ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื›ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจืึทืžืึทืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืžืขื˜ืจื™ ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ืฅ.

ื“ืขื ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ื‘ืึทื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ ืžืึทื›ื˜. ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื‘ืึทื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ, ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ, ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ืžื•ื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื‘ื–ืึธืจืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืงืึธื•ืึทืคื™ืฉืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก.

ืื•ื™ืฃ 2 ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืึท ืคื™ืจ-ื–ืึธื ื“ ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ื˜ ืงืจื™ื™ึทื–, ืื•ืŸ 2b ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“. ืคึผืœืึทืŸ 2 ืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ื’ืขืžืืกื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ืฅ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื’ืจืึทืคืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ Gr/WSe22 ืื•ืŸ Gr/MoSe2/WSe22 ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืขืจื™ื™ื–. ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื ืฅ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืึทืžื‘ื™ืคึผืึธืœืึทืจ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึทืคืขื ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืจื™ืก.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืงืึทื ื“ืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข (ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืŸ), ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื™ืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ืงืึทื ื“ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ ืื™ื– ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึธืจื“ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื’ื ืึทื˜ื•ื“ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืŸ MoS2 ืื•ืŸ WSe22.

ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืึธื•ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืขืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืึธื ื“ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผื™ (KPM) ืื•ืŸ ืกืงืึทื ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผื™ (SThM). ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉืึทืจื˜ 2d KPM ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ SThM ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 2e. ื“ืึธ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื™ืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืงืœื™ ื”ืขืึทื˜ืขื“ Gr/MoS2/WSe22 ื˜ืฉืึทื ืึทืœื–, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ืึทืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ื‘ืึทื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื’.

ื“ื™ ืกืงืึทื ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ STHM, ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ืึธื•ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื›ืึธื•ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ืฉื•ืึทื ื˜ ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืจืึทืžืึทืŸ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจืึทืกืงืึธืคึผื™ (ื“"ื” ืจืึทืžืึทืŸ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจืึทืกืงืึธืคึผื™).

ืึทืœืข ื“ืจื™ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ื— ืคื•ืŸ ~ 40 ฮผm2. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 9 ืžื•ื•, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื‘ื–ืึธืจื‘ื“ ืœืึทื–ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ~5 ฮผW ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœืึทื–ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜ ืฉื˜ื— ืคื•ืŸ ~0.5 ฮผืž2.

ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืึท ื‘ืึทื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ื‘ืœืึธืง ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืœืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืคึผ: ืึท ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืžื“ืจื’ื”
ื‘ื™ืœื“ #3

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉืึทืจื˜ 3 ืึท ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ (โˆ†T) ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจ / ืžืึธืก2 / ื•ืกืข22 ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื–.

ื“ื™ ืกืœืึธืคึผืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ (ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข) ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ (Rth=โˆ†T/P) ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฅ ื–ื™ื ืงืขืŸ. ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜, ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื ืึธ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืึทืœ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ (WL).

ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื• ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืึทืœ ืœืขื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืึธ2 ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื˜ืขืจืึทืœ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ื‘ืึทื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืœืขื ื’, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ~0.1 ฮผื.

ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื•ืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก:

Rth,Si โ‰ˆ (WL)1/2 / (2kืกื™)

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข kืกื™ โ‰ˆ 90 ื•ื• ืž-1 ืง-1, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืึทื ื“ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ ื“ืึทืคึผื˜ ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜.

ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ Rth,WSe2 ืื•ืŸ Rth,Si ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืกืึทื›ืึทืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ 2 ื ื ื“ื™ืง SiO100 ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ (TBR) ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ WSe2/SiO2 ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“.

ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงืฅ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึทื– Rth, MoS2 - Rth, WSe2 = TBRMoS2/WSe2, ืื•ืŸ Rth, Gr - Rth, MoS2 = TBRGr/MoS2. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง 3 ืึท ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ื“ื™ TBR ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ WSe2/SiO2, MoS2/WSe2 ืื•ืŸ Gr/MoS2 ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื–.

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจืขืก, ื’ืขืžืืกื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืจืึทืžืึทืŸ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผื™ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผื™ (3b).

ื‘ื™ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจ ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกื™ืึธ 2 ื™ื’ื–ื™ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทื“ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 220 ืฆื• 280 ืž 2 ืง / ื’ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืงื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ 2 ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืจืขื‘ ืคื•ืŸ 290 ืฆื• 360 ื ื. ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจืขืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื™ืงืกื™ื“ 2 ื ื (1d-1f), ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืึทื ื“ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ ืื™ื– 0.007-0.009 ื•ื• ืžโˆ’1 ืงโˆ’1 ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ.

ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืึท ื‘ืึทื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ื‘ืœืึธืง ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืœืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืคึผ: ืึท ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืžื“ืจื’ื”
ื‘ื™ืœื“ #4

ื‘ื™ืœื“ 4 ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืคื™ืจ ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืงืึทื ื“ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ (ื˜ื‘ืง) ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืžืืกื˜ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ (ื˜ื‘ืง = 1 / ื˜ื‘ืจ).

ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกืขืจื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ื˜ื‘ืง ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื ืึธืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก (2 ื“ / 2 ื“), ืกืคึผืึทืกื™ืคื™ืงืœื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ WSe2 ืื•ืŸ SiO2 ืžืึธื ืึธืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก.

ื“ื™ ื˜ื‘ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืึธื ืึธืœื™ื™ึทืขืจ WSe2 / SiO2 ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจ WSe2 / SiO2 ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื ืึธืœื™ื™ึทืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจืข ื‘ืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืคืึธื ืึธืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืก ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข. ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื“ื™ TBC ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 2D ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ TBC ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ 2D ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 3D SiO2 ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ (4b).

ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืš ืจืขืงืึธืžืขื ื“ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ะธ ื ืึธืš ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก ืฆื• ืื™ื.

ืขืคึผื™ืœืึธื’

ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธื“ืขืจืŸ, ื’ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื–. ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ ื”ื™ืฅ-ื™ื ืกืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืขื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœื– ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื–, ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก.

ื“ื™ ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจืขืก ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืœื™ื“ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ "ืฉื™ืœื“ื–", ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืจื™ืžื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืก ืกืคึผืึทืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืง. ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžืึธื•ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’.

ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทื ืคืขืจืžื– ืึทื– ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืžืขืก ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ "ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจื”ื•ื˜," ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคึฟืŸ ืึท ื ืึทืจื™ืฉ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ื•ึผืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืข ืžื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ื™ื ืึธื•ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–.

ื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ, ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ืึธืš ื’ื™ื™ื–! ๐Ÿ™‚

ื“ืื ืง ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–. ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ? ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜? ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืึท ืกื“ืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืคืจืขื ื“ื–, 30% ืึทืจืึธืคึผืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ Habr ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืึทื ืึทืœืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ: ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืืžืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 ืงืึธืจืขืก) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps ืคึฟื•ืŸ $20 ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืึท ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ? (ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืžื™ื˜ RAID1 ืื•ืŸ RAID10, ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 24 ืงืึธืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 40GB DDR4).

Dell R730xd 2 ืžืืœ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ? ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธ 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TV ืคึฟื•ืŸ $199 ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื˜ื”ืขืจืœืึทื ื“ืก! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - ืคึฟื•ืŸ $99! ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธืจืคึผ. ืงืœืึทืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 9000 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคึผืขื ื™?

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’