"ื’ืึธืœื“ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ" ืื™ืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืง - ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก?

ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ "ื’ืึธืœื“ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ" ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืื ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ

ืžืขืŸ ื”ืืœื˜ ืื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ืกืขื’ืžืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืขืจืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืขืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืกืขื’ืžืขื ื˜, ื’ื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืืคื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ื ืคืืจื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ 1/1,618, ื•ื•ืืก ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข ื’ืจื™ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืึทืจืึธื•ื™ื ื’ ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจ ืืœื˜ืข ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ "ื’ืึธืœื“ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ." ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืคื™ืœืข ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจืึทืœ ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื– - ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื˜ื•ืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื, ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ - ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขื’ื™ืคึผื˜ื™ืึทืŸ ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ Le Corbusier - ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืข.
ืขืก ืื•ื™ืš ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ Fibonacci ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ, ื“ื™ ืกืคึผื™ืจืึทืœื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ื“ื–ืฉื™ืึทืžืขื˜ืจื™ืง ื’ืขืžืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืข.

ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื’ื•ืฃ (ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืœืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ืคึผื™ืง, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ืคึผื™ืง ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืึธืคึผ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืคึผ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜), ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื“ืขืึทืœ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืึธืจืฉืึทื ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ (ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจื•ื•ื•ื™ืึทืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืืื–"ื• ื• .), ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืจืึธืคึผืึธืžืขื˜ืจื™ืง ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืกืกืจ, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืข.

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึทื– ืขื ืœืขืš ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื‘ื™ื™ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ: ืžืึทืœืึทืกืง ืฉืขืœื–, ื“ื™ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ื•ื ืจื•ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื“ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื ืงืึธื ืขืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื™ืจืึทืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ 1,618 ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ "ื’ืขื˜ืœืขืš" - ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืกืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทืœืึทืงืกื™ืขืก ื’ืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• Fibonacci ืกืคึผื™ื™ืจืึทืœื–!

ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจื ืขืžืขืŸ:

  1. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืช "ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ",
  2. ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืจืึทืงืกืึทืžื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœื™ื˜ื™, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืึท ืึทื ื™ื•ื–ืฉื•ืึทืœื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ "ื’ืึธืœื“ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’" ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื.

ืื™ืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืง

Lorenz ื“ื™ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืœื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื™ื– ื”ื•ื™ื–ื’ืขื–ื™ื ื“ ื™ื ืงืึทืžื–. ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืžืึทืงืจืึธื•ื™ืงืึทื ืึทืžื™ืง ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืคื™ื™ื ืžืึทื ืฅ (ื“ืขืกื™ืœ ืงืึธื•ืึทืคื™ืฉืึทื ื˜, ื’ื™ื ื™ ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก) ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืึธืกื™ืึธ-ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืื›ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจื™ ื“ื™ืกื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจื•ื ื’, ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ , ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ืœืึทื ื“ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคึผืœืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช.

ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื•ื•ืึธื›ืขื“ื™ืง ื‘ืื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื›ื ืึธืกืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ Google ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ ... ืึทืžื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ืœื™, ืื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ืงืฉืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืึธืจืขื ื– ื“ื™ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื (ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืงื‘ืึทืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ-ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืฅ).

ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืขืจื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜.ืž. ื‘ื•ืขื•ื•ืึท. ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกืขืจื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืฆื• ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืงืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืจื™ ืึธืฃ ืคืึทืจืžืก.

ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ, V.V. ืžืึทื˜ืึธื›ื™ืŸ (ืงืขื’ื ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื) ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื– ื“ืขื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ื•ื•ืึธื’. ืžืึทื˜ืึธื›ื™ืŸ, ืึท ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืง ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’, ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืงื ืึทืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ืกื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื–, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืกืกืขืกืก ื“ื™ ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก.

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ V. Matokhin ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื (Matochin, 1995), (Antoniou et al., 2002), (Kryanev, et al., 1998), (Matochin et al. 2018) . ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ืึทื˜ืึทื“ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืึทืงืึทื“ืขืžื™ืง ื˜ืขืงืกืฅ.

ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™

ืจืขืคืœืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทืคืก ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ.

1. ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึทื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื "ื”ื•ื™ืš-ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืกื•ืคึผืขืจืงืึธื ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™". (Matochin, 1995)
"ื’ืึธืœื“ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ" ืื™ืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืง - ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก?
ืคื™ื’.1. ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืขืจืœืขืš ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก ืื™ืŸ 1988-1994.
ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขืจืœืขืš ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข 3, ื•ื•ื• SN ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื™ืขืจืœืขืš ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื’ืขืœื˜ (ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืœ), ืื•ืŸ N ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก ืคื™ื ืึทื ืกื˜. ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขืš ื–ืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ ื–ืฉื•ืจื™, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ ื‘ื•ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ (ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ 1991 ืจืขืคืึธืจื ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš), ื“ื™ ืคืขืกื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืจื•ื•ืขืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทืžื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ื‘ืึทืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืžืขื ืึทืœ ืคื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ.

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
S 273 362 432 553 345 353 253 X
Sn 143.1 137.6 136.9 411.2 109.4 920 977 Y

ื˜ื™ืฉ 3

2. ืงืึธืกื˜ ื•ื™ืกื‘ื™ื™ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ืึธืจื™ (ืงืึธื˜ืœื™ืึทืจ, 1989)
"ื’ืึธืœื“ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ" ืื™ืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืง - ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก?
ืคื™ื’.2

3. ืฆืึธืœ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึทืœืขืจื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ

ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข, ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ "ื•ื•ืขื“ืึธืžืึธืกื˜ื™: ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ื™ืขืจืœืขืš ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜ ืคึผืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื™" (ืกื•ื•ื•ืึธืจืึธื•ื•, 2014) ("ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื ื’").

ื’ืึธืžื‘ืข ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜ (ืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ.)
ืคึผืึธืœืงืึธื•ื•ื ื™ืง 585
ืœื•ื˜ืขื ืึทื ื˜ ืคึผืึธืœืงืึธื•ื•ื ื™ืง 351
ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ 292
ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ื•ืก 243
ืงื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืขืจืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจ 117
ืึทื“ื“ื–ืฉื•ื˜ืึทื ื˜ 117
ืงืึธืžื™ืกื™ืึธื ืขืจ 98
... ...

"ื’ืึธืœื“ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ" ืื™ืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืง - ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก?
ืจื™ื™ืก. 3. ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืึธืจืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขืจืœืขืš ืกืึทืœืขืจื™ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืจื™ื™

4. ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ (ืžื™ื ืฆื‘ืขืจื’, 1973)
"ื’ืึธืœื“ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ" ืื™ืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืง - ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก?
ืคื™ื’.4

ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืขืจื“ื™ื™ื–ื“ ื’ืจืึทืคืก ืคึฟืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืœื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืจืŸ. ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทื“ื™ืงืึทืœ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืกืชึผืžื ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืขื ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทืคืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืงื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ื ื“ืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ืึทืœืก ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก, ื“ื™ ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื™ื ื˜ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืฉืึธืจืข ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ื”ืขืกืงืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืคึผืึทืจืขื˜ืึธ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ: 20% ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ 80% ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืขืคึผืขืก ืขื ืœืขืš ืื™ื– ืงืœืืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ื“ืึธ. ื“ื™ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืข ื’ืจืืคืขืŸ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืืŸ ืขืžืคื™ืจื™ืฉืข ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืืก ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืœืืจืขื ืฅ ื“ื™ืื’ืจืืžืข, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืืœืคื ืขืงืกืคืื ืขื ื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืฆื• 2. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืขืงืกืคืื ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœืืจืขื ื– ื“ื™ืื’ืจืืžืข ืื™ืŸ ื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงืจื™ื™ื–.

ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืกื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ื ื™ืฆืœ. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืึทื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ืฆืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“, ื“ื™ ื ื™ืฆืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืกื™ืึธ-ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ ืฆื• ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืจืง ื˜ื ืึธื™ื.

ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื– ืึท ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื“ืขืึทืœ (ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทืœืฃ ืขืงืกืคึผืึธื ืขื ื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืฆื• 2, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืก "ืึทืจื•ื ื“ืขื ืงืจื™ื™ึทื–") ื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืืคื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืคืึธืจืขื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธื•ื˜ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื™ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึทืกืขืก ืึทื–ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ืคึผืจืึทืคื™ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื“ืึธ. ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืงืึธื•ืึทืคื™ืฉืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื“ืขืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืคื™ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ (Bueva, 2002).

ื˜ื™ืฉ (ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜)

ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื, ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ (%) ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืงืึธื•ืึทืคื™ืฉืึทื ื˜
1 ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ื™ื•ื ื™ื˜ืึทืจื™ ืขื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื™ื– ืคึผ / ื• "ื•ื•ืึธืœื–ืฉืกืงื™ื™ึทืึท" ื•ื•ืึธืœื–ืฉืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงื˜ 13,0 0,336
2 SPK p/f "Gornomariyskaya" 11,1 0,18
3 UMSP s-z "ื–ื•ื•ืขื ื™ื’ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™" 33,7 0,068
4 ืงื“ื–ืฉืกืง "ืžืึทืจื™ืกืงืึธืข" ืžืขื“ื•ื•ืขื“ืขื•ื•ืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงื˜ 7,5 0,195
5 ื“ื–ืฉืกืง "ื˜ืขืคึผืœื™ื˜ืฉื ืึธืข" ืžืขื“ื•ื•ืขื“ืขื•ื•ืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงื˜ 16,3 0,107
...
47 ืกืขืง (ืง-ื–) "ืจืึทืกืกื•ื•ืขื˜" ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงื˜ 3,2 0,303
48 ื ื•ื• "ื‘ืจืึธื ืขื•ื•ื™ืง" ืงื™ืœืขืžืืจืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงื˜ 14,2 0,117
49 ืกืขืง ืึทื’ืจื™ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจืึทืœ ืึทืงืึทื“ืขืžื™ "ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ื’ืึทืจื“" ืžืึธืจืงื™ื ืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงื˜ 6,5 0,261
50 ืฉืึท ืง-ื– ื™ื. ืคึผืขื˜ืจืึธื•ื• ืžืึธืจืงื™ื ืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงื˜ 22,5 0,135

ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึทื ืงืœื•ื–ืฉืึทื ื–

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึทื•ืกื›ืึธื•ืœื“ื–, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึท Lorenz ื•ื™ืกื‘ื™ื™ื’ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื“ืขืึทืœ. ื“ื™ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื™ื“ืขืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ืžืขืจ ืžืกืชึผืžื ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ. ืึทื–ืึท ืคึผืจืึทืงืกื™ืžืึทื˜ื™ ืงืึทื ืคืขืจืžื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื“ืึทืคึผืึทื–ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืขืžืคึผื™ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ื’ืขื–ืขืฆืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืขื˜ืึธ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืึธ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคืึธื•ืงื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืจืึทืคื™ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืึทืงืกืึทืžื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึทืคื™ืฅ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื“ืขืจื ื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืคื™ืจืžืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืึทื ื“ืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœื™ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืžืึทืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืก ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื•ื™ืกื‘ื™ื™ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึธืคึผื ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจื™ื™ึทื–.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘-ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืขืงืื ืืžื™ืข, ื“ื™ ืœืึธืจืขื ื– ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ืŸ ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจื™ื™ึทื–. ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทืกื™ื™ื–ื“ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืก ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื•ื™ืกื‘ื™ื™ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื™ึทื– ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืจื™ืกืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืงืจื™ืกื˜ ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืึธืŸ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ืึทืคึผืก (ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ), ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜-ื’ืจืึธื•ื ื“ืขื“, ืงื•ื•ืึทืœืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืคืึธืจืงืึทืกืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื•ื™ื ืžืขื’ืœืขืš.

ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทืกืึทืก, ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืก ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื•ื™ืกื‘ื™ื™ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื™ึทื– ืึทื•ื˜ื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง ืจืขื’ื•ืœื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืึทื ืงืจืึธื˜. ืฆื• ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทืกืึทืก, ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืืจืฃ, ื•ื•ืึธืก, ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ืึทืคึผืก, ืื™ื– ืึทื ืœื™ื™ืงืœื™ ืฆื• ืขืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคืขืœื“.

ืึธื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืึท ืžืกืงื ื

ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืื‘ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืžืข ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืฆื• 1995 (Matochin, 1995). ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืกืœ-ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื™ืงืึทืœืœื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืœื™ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ืงืึทื ืึทืžื™ืก, ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจื™ืข ...

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