ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืกืึทื‘ืึธื˜ืึทื–ืฉ: ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื ื™ืง ืงืœื™ืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืก ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฅ

ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืกืึทื‘ืึธื˜ืึทื–ืฉ: ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื ื™ืง ืงืœื™ืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืก ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฅ

ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคืึทื ื’ื–, ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื“ื–ืฉืึธื–, ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืขืื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืจืขื“ืึทื˜ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ืคึผืก ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืขื’ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ื™ื‘, ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื– ืคืึธื•ืœื“ื™ื“ (ืคืœื™ื’ืœ, ื›ื•ื•ื•ื–, ืคืœื™ืคึผืขืจื–, ืืื–"ื• ื•) ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืึทื ื•ื•ืึธื ื˜ื™ื“ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื’ืขืกื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืขื“ืึทื˜ืขืจ. ื˜ืฒืœ ืฐืขืจืŸ ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืึทืคืœืึทื–ืฉ, ื˜ืฒืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืกื, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืฒืœ ืฐืืจืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืฒื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืขืจ (ื”ืขืœื ื™ื ืงื™ื•ืงืึทืžืขืจื–). ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื™ื™ึทื˜ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–. ืžืึธื˜ื”ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืœื™ื‘ื˜ ืขืกื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฅ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืœืข ืžื™ืœื™ืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ ืคึผืึทืœื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื•ื ื“ ืกืงื™ืœื–. ืžื™ืกืข ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืจื•ื™ื‘, ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืก ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ ืคึผืจืขื“ืึทื˜ืขืจื–. ืื‘ืขืจ "ืคืึธืจื•ื•ืึธืจื ื“ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจืึทืจืžื“" ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึธื˜ืก, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ "ืจืึทื“ื™ืึธ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ืจืึทื ืก" ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ืกืจืึทืคึผืฅ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื ื™ืง "ื–ืขืื•ื ื’" ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฅ. ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 100% ื˜ื•ื™ื‘, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœืคึผื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜? ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข. ื’ื™ื™.

ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื™ืงืขืจ

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ื  ืึทืฃ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื ืึทื›ื˜, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ืจื™ืข, ืึท ืฉืึทืจืฃ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขืงืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืคืœืขื“ืขืจืžื•ื™ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืงืึธืœืึธืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ื•ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทืฅ. ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ื’ื™ื™ืขื’ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืœื™ืžืึทืฅ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ื“ื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืกื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’. ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืกืขืงืฅ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื ืึทื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืกืŸ ื ืึธืš 18:00 ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ.

ื‘ืึทืฅ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื•ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืจื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื“ื™ ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜: ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ 130-150 ื›ื–, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ 30-40 ื›ื–.

ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืกืึทื‘ืึธื˜ืึทื–ืฉ: ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื ื™ืง ืงืœื™ืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืก ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฅ

ื‘ืฉืขืช ื’ื™ื™ืขื’, ื‘ืึทืฅ "ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืœืึธื–ืŸ" ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื ื™ืง ื›ื•ื•ืืœื™ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก "ืงืจืึทืš" ืื™ืŸ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืึทืจื•ื ื–ื™ื™, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืจื•ื™ื‘. ื“ื™ ืฉืคื™ื’ืœื˜ ื›ื•ื•ืืœื™ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื›ืืคื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคืœืขื“ืขืจืžื•ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžืึทื ื•ื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื ื™ืขื•ืช ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคืึธืงื•ืก ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืจื•ื™ื‘.

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื˜ืืœืื ื˜ืŸ, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืœ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื ื™ืง ืจืึทืฉ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืœืฉ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ึทื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืœืขื“ืขืจืžื•ื™ื– ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ืขื“ืึทื‘ืึทืœ. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืก ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ื“ื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ื“ืขื ื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ: ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืงืจื™ืงืึทืฅ "ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ" ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ? ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื“ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืœ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืกืึทื ืึธืจืึทืก, ื‘ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึทืœืึทื ื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกื™ืงืึทื“ืึทืก.

ืึทืŸ ืึธืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธื•ื ื“ืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืงื•ืกืกื™ืึธืŸ "ืงืึทืกื˜ืึทื ืขืฅ" - ืžืึทื“ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืึทื˜ืึทืœ ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื– (ื™ืึธ, ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืœืขื›ื˜-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืงืึทืกื˜ืึทื ืขืฅ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ืฉืขืคึฟืขืจื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜?).

ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืก ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื˜ื™ืžื‘ืึทืœืก (ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึทืœืก) - ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืงื•ื˜ื™ืงื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืคืึธืจืžื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœื•ืคื˜ "ืงื™ืฉืŸ" ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜, ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืก Yponomeuta, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžื™ื ื™ื (ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™) ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืจืกืขื ืึทืœ - ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืœื•ืกืึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ Cu1b ื•ื•ืขื™ื ืก
ืื•ืŸ ืงื•2. ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื’ืขื’ื ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ื“ื•ืจืš ืกื˜ืจื™ื“ื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ (ืขืคืฉืขืจ).

ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืกืึทื‘ืึธื˜ืึทื–ืฉ: ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื ื™ืง ืงืœื™ืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืก ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฅ
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก (ื) ื“ื™ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืœื•ืกืึทื ื˜ ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืึทื•ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืก, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ (ื‘) SEM ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜.

ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื• ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืŸ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืื’ืขืก: ืฆื™ ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืœื•ืกืึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื•ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ืขืก (ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื–), ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืกืึธื•ื ื“ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ.

ื“ ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ึพืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ , ืฐืขืœื› ืข ื”ืื‘ ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืืจืค ื˜ ื”ืขืœืค ืŸ ืฆ ื• ื’ืขืคื™ื ืข ืŸ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื˜ ืื•ื™ ืฃ ื“ ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ื ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ ืข ืคืจืื’ืŸ , ื–ืฒื ืข ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืข ืŸ ืคืขืจื–ืื ืข ืŸ ืคื• ืŸ ืฆืฐ ืฒ ื–ื’ื™ ืŸ ืžืื˜ ืŸ โ€” ื™ ืขื•ื•ืึธื ื™ืžืขืœื ืข ืื• ืŸ ื™ .

ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืกืึทื‘ืึธื˜ืึทื–ืฉ: ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื ื™ืง ืงืœื™ืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืก ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฅ
ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ 10 ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื–: Y. evonymella (ืœื™ื ืงืก) ืื•ืŸ Y. cagnagella (ืจืขื›ื˜).

ื“ื™ ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœ ื‘ื™ื ืข. ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผื•ืคึผืึทืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื– 297 ืงืก 159 ืงืก 102 ืžื ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืึท ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ 21 ยฐC.

ืึธื‘ืกืขืจื•ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ

ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“ ืคึฟืจื™ื™ึท ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืคืœื™ื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ: 15 ืคืจื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ 2 ืคืึทืจืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืคืœื™ื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ ืขื•ื•ืึธื ื™ืžืขืœืœืึท; 9 ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“ ืคืœื™ื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ ืงืึทื’ื ืึทื’ืขืœืœืึท. ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืคืœื™, ื“ื™ ืžืึธื˜ืก ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ื™ืงืึทืœ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื ื™ืง ืงืœื™ืงืก ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคืœื™ื’ืœื‘ื™ื˜ (ื’ืจืึทืคืก ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ).

ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืกืึทื‘ืึธื˜ืึทื–ืฉ: ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื ื™ืง ืงืœื™ืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืก ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฅ
ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื ื™ืง ืงืœื™ืงืก ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืœ.

ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืžืึทืœื˜ื™-ื‘ื•ื ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ (ืจื•ื™ื˜) ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธื•ื ื“ืก ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืึธื˜ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื‘ืคืึทืžื™ืœื™ ืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืึทืข ืงืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฅ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข (ื‘ืœื•ื™) ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืึธื“ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื Eptesicus fuscus.

ื ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื ื™ืง ืคึผืึทืœืกื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ืžืึทืš: ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืš. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ืงืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ืงืก ืคึผืขืจ ื“ื•ื™ืคืขืง, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืฉืคื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทื‘ื–ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืงืึธื•ื™ื ืกื™ื™ื“ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ืคึผืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืœื•ืกืึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜. ืื™ืŸ Y. evonymella, ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ืงืก ืคึผืขืจ 1 ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื ื™ืง ื“ื•ื™ืคืขืง ืื™ื– 12.6 ยฑ 1.7, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 11 ืžืœืงื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืœื•ืกืึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ (ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกืขื ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ).

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืžื‘ืึทืœืก (ืึท ืฉื˜ื— ืคื•ืŸ 260 X 800 ฮผm) ืคื•ืŸ 12 Y. evonymella ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“ ืกืึธื•ื ื“ืก ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืœื™ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ืงืก ืคึผืขืจ 100 ืžื™ื– ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขืงื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 3 ืคืœื™ื’ืœ ื‘ื™ืฅ.

ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ืงืก ื ืึธืš ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’, ืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 1 ืงืœื™ืงืก, ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืงืœื™ืงืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจืข ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืึทืžืคึผืœื™ื˜ื•ื“. ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจ, ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืžื‘ืึทืœ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ (ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืœื•ืกืึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ) ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืงืกืงืœื•ื“ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก.

ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืœื™, ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืึทื– ืžืึธื˜ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืกืึธื•ื ื“ืก. ืื™ืฆื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจ (20 ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื Y. evonymella ืื•ืŸ 4 ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Y. cagnagella).

ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ื’ืขืฉืคื™ืœื˜ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื•ื ื“ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืคืœื• ืคืจื™ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื. ื“ืขืจ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจื™ืคึผื™ื˜ื™ื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื–, ื•ื•ื• ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•. ืื• ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืข ืจ ื”ื ื˜ ืงืฒื ืข ืจ ื–ื™ ืš ืืคื™ืœ ื• ื ื™ืฉ ื˜ ื‘ืืฐืขื’ื˜ .

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜, ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ 10 ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ ืขื•ื•ืึธื ื™ืžืขืœืœืึท ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ ืงืึทืžืขืจ, ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืฆื• ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขืกืฅ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื“ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ? ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืžืึธื˜ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืกืึธื•ื ื“ืก. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืœ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ืคืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ.


ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ื ื’.

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืœื•ืกืึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืœ ืก ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื ื˜ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ืžืึทืš. ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ืงืก ืขืคืขืก ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืจืึธื•ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื ื“ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ืฆื• ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืคืึทืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ื ื’.

ื ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ื“ื•ืจื›ืงื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืกื•ืคึผื™ื ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ (ืจืึธื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืึทืœ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ื’ืœื™ื“) ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทื˜, ื“ื™ ืึทื ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื•ื’ืึทืœ ืกืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ ืคืึทืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื™ืจื™ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืึทืœ ื ืึธืจืข.


ืžืึธืœ ืคืœื™, ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’.

ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืึทืงืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืœื•ืกืึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“. ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขื, ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื ื™ืง ืงืœื™ืงืก ืคืึทืœืŸ.

ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืกืึทื‘ืึธื˜ืึทื–ืฉ: ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื ื™ืง ืงืœื™ืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืก ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฅ

ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขืŸ ืงืœื™ืงืก ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ (90 ยฐ) ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืข ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ (14 Y. evonymella ืื•ืŸ 9 Y. cagnagella). ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจืึทืœ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก, ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืžืคึผืœื™ื˜ื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืึทืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ืงืก (5 ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 8 ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ) ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ื˜ืึทืœ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ (0 ยฐ, 45 ยฐ, 90 ยฐ ืื•ืŸ 180 ยฐ).

ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืกืึทื‘ืึธื˜ืึทื–ืฉ: ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื ื™ืง ืงืœื™ืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืก ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฅ
ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื›ื˜ ื™ ืขื•ื•ืึธื ื™ืžืขืœืœืึท ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ืขืก: 0 ยฐ - ืžื™ืงืจืึธืคืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืœ, 45 ยฐ - ืคืจืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜, 90 ยฐ - ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜, 180 ยฐ - ืฆื•ืจื™ืง.

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื–: 0 ยฐ ืื•ืŸ 45 ยฐ, ื– = 0,3, ืคึผ = 1,0; 0 ยฐ ืื•ืŸ 180 ยฐ, ื– = -2,3, ืคึผ = 0,13; 45 ยฐ ืื•ืŸ 180 ยฐ, ื– = -2,4, ืคึผ = 0,11.

ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืกืึทื‘ืึธื˜ืึทื–ืฉ: ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื ื™ืง ืงืœื™ืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืก ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฅ

ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ืื•ื™ืš ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข ืคืœืขื“ืขืจืžื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข. ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜: 6.0 ยฑ 0.4 ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ 0 ยฐ, 6.5 ยฑ 0.4 ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ 45 ยฐ, 7.9 ยฑ 0.7 ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ 90 ยฐ ืื•ืŸ 5.6 ยฑ 0.4 ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ 180 ยฐ. ื“ื™ ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืึทื˜ืึธืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉืึทืจื˜ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ (ะ’).

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ะ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืžืคึผืœื™ื˜ื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคื™ื’ืœื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ -35 ... -43 ื“ื‘ ื‘ื™ื™ ืคืจื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 20 ... 160 ื›ื–.

ื“ืึธ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืึทื•ื“ื™ืึธ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธื•ื ื“ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืœ.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืš ืจืขืงืึธืžืขื ื“ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜.

ืขืคึผื™ืœืึธื’

ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืกื™ืคึผืœืขื“, ืจื—ืžื ื•ืชื“ื™ืง, ืžืึธื“ื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื™ืจืึทื ื™ืง, ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื˜ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื’ืึธืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื‘, ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฉืขืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืŸ ืึท "ืงื•ืœ". ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืœื•ืกืึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ื ื’, ืžืึธื˜ืก ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื ื™ืง ืงืœื™ืงืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆืขืžื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทืฅ ืœืึธืขื˜ ืฆื• ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™.

ืื–ื ืื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ืœื™ื›ืข ืื“ืืคื˜ืืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื ืคืืงื˜, ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืืš ืืกืืš ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ ืื–ื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขื•ื•ืืœื•ืฆื™ืื ืขืจืข ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืื˜ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื–ื ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืื• ืขืก ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœืขืก ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ.

ืžื™ืจ ืึทืžืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืืฉืขืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืคื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืืœืื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ.

ืื•ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืึธืคื˜ืึธืคึผื™ืง ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ืื’:


ื“ืึธ, ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ืœื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืขืคืึธื‘ื™ืข (ืžื•ืจื ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืœ) ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ.

ื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ, ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึธืคึผืจื•ื˜ืขื’ ื’ื™ื™ื–.

ื“ืื ืง ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–. ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ? ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜? ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืึท ืกื“ืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืคืจืขื ื“ื–, 30% ืึทืจืึธืคึผืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ Habr ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืึทื ืึทืœืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ: ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืืžืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 ืงืึธืจืขืก) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps ืคึฟื•ืŸ $20 ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืึท ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ? (ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืžื™ื˜ RAID1 ืื•ืŸ RAID10, ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 24 ืงืึธืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 40GB DDR4).

VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 ืงืึธืจืขืก) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps ืคืจื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื– ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืงืก ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืกื“ืจ ื“ืึธ.

Dell R730xd 2 ืžืืœ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ? ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธ 2 x Intel Dodeca-Core Xeon E5-2650v4 128GB DDR4 6x480GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TV ืคึฟื•ืŸ $249 ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื˜ื”ืขืจืœืึทื ื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ USA! ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธืจืคึผ. ืงืœืึทืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 9000 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคึผืขื ื™?

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’