ื˜ืขืžืข: ื‘ืœืึธื’

ื’ื•ื’ืœ'ืก ื“ื•ืจื›ื‘ืจื•ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ืฅ ื”ืื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืจื•ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืืงืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืงืึทื ื˜ืŸ.

ื’ื•ื’ืœ'ืก ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืจื‘ืึธืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืกื™ืข ืžืขื˜ืึธื“ืข ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื“ืจื•ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืึทืงืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืžื•ืจื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ื˜ืขื ื”ื˜ ืงืขืŸ ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ืฅ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืžืึธื“ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืงืก, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ืฉื•ื•ืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ ืึท ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ. ื“ืื ืขืจืฉื˜ืื’, ื“ื™ ืึทืงืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ SK Hynix ืื•ืŸ [โ€ฆ]

SpaceX ื”ืื˜ ืžื•ื“ื” ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืื– ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื ืคื™ืœืŸ ื“ืขื ืืจื‘ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืžื™ืœื™ืืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ืฅ ืกืื˜ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ.

SpaceX'ืก ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ืข ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 1 ืžื™ืœื™ืืŸ ืกืื˜ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืืœืข ื“ืื˜ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจืก ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœื™ืš, ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืืœืข ืงืื ืกื˜ืขืœืืฆื™ืข ื’ืจื™ื™ืก. ื“ื™ ืืคืœื™ืงืืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื™ื•.ืขืก. ืคืขื“ืขืจืืœืข ืงืืžื•ื ื™ืงืืฆื™ืขืก ืงืืžื™ืกื™ืข (FCC) ืื•ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื‘ื™ืขืงืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืืกื˜ืจืื ืืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืง ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื–ืืจื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคืืจืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’, ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืคืœื•ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืื˜ืžืืกืคืขืจืข, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืืขื ื˜-ืขืจื“ ืกืคืขื™ืก. [โ€ฆ]

ื ื ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทืœื“ื•ืจืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ 3 ืงืึธืจื™ื’ื™ืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ืข ื˜ืขื•ืชื™ื.

ื ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืคืึทื ื˜ืึทื–ื™ืข ืจืึธืœืข-ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ื‘ืึทืœื“ื•ืจืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ 3 ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื’ื™ืฉืข ืœืึทืจื™ืึทืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืจื™ื›ื˜ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืข ืกื™ื™ื•ื•ืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืœืึทืจื™ืึทืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทืœื“ื•ืจืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ 3 ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืฆืึธืœ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ-ืงืจืึทืฉืŸ. ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทื ืงื˜ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคึฟืึทืจืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืฆื• [โ€ฆ]

Ubuntu 26.04 ื‘ื™ืชื ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’

ื“ื™ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื• 26.04 "ืจืขืกืึธืœื•ื˜ ืจืึทืงืึธืŸ" ื‘ื™ืชื ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข, ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืคึผืขืงืœ-ืคึฟืจื™ื– ืื™ืžืคึผืœืขืžืขื ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’-ืคึฟื™ืงืกืขืก. ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืŸ 23ืกื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ. ื“ื™ 26.04 ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’ ืื™ื– ืึท ืœืึทื ื’-ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืข (LTS) ืื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึท 15-ื™ืึธืจ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ (ืคึฟื™ื ืฃ ื™ืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืคึฟื ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื™ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืคึผืœื•ืก ื ืึธืš 10 ื™ืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ [โ€ฆ]

ื“ืขืจ ืกืึทืžืกื•ื ื’ ื’ืึทืœืึทืงืกื™ ื–ื™ ืคืึธืœื“8 ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ โ€“ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคืึธืœื“ืึทื‘ืึทืœืŸ ืื™ื™ืคืึธื•ืŸ.

ืกืึทืžืกื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ืคืึธื•ืœื“ ืกืžืึทืจื˜ืคืึธื•ื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ื˜ื™ืคึผืŸ. ื–ื™ ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคืึธื•ืœื“ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืื™ื™ืคืึธื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืึทืœืึทืงืกื™ ื– ืคืึธื•ืœื“8 ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“, ืกืงื™ืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืขืœืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืขื˜ ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืคืึทืจื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ [โ€ฆ]

AMD ื”ืื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื˜ ื“ืขื Ryzen 9 9950X3D2 Dual Edition ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง 3D V-Cache โ€“ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ 22ืกื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ.

AMD ื”ืื˜ ืืคื™ืฆื™ืขืœ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื Ryzen 9 9950X3D2 ื“ื•ืขืœ ืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคืจืืกืขืกืืจ. ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื 22ืกื˜ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ื”ืื˜ ื ืืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืžืืœื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื–ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืืœื“ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื–ืฉืขืง ื”ื•ื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ AMD'ืก ื’ืจืืคื™ืงืก ืืคื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’. ื“ืืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืกืงื˜ืืคึผ Ryzen ืคืจืืกืขืกืืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ 3D V-Cache ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืคืก. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืŸ 5 ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื–ืืจื’ื˜ 16 ืงืขืจื ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืข ืคืืจ [โ€ฆ]

ืืŸ ืขื ื˜ื•ื–ื™ืึทืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืขืœืข ืœืึทื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืœื‘ื ื” ื ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืง ืึท 40 ื™ืึธืจ ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ZX ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจื•ื ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ.

ื“ืขืจ ืกืคืขื™ืก ืขื ื˜ื•ื–ื™ืึทืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื’ืขืจ ืกืงืึธื˜ ืžืึทื ืœื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ "ื’ืขืœืึทื ื“ืขื˜" ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืœื‘ื ื” ื ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืง ืึท ื”ื™ื™ื ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 1980ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืœื•ื ืึทืจ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœ, ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืฆื˜ ื“ืขื 2015 ืกืคืขื™ืก ืคึฟืœื•ื’ ืกื™ืžื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืงืขืจื‘ืึทืœ ืกืคืขื™ืก ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœืข ืกืคืขื™ืกืฉื™ืฃ ื ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืง ืึท ZX ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจื•ื ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ. [โ€ฆ]

ื’ื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจ 1.0 ืื™ื– ืึท ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜-ื”ืึธืกื˜ืขื“ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ืขืก.

ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื’ื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจ, ื ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜-ื’ืขื”ืื•ืกื˜ืข ื’ื™ื˜ ืจืขืคืื–ื™ื˜ืืจื™ ืžืขื ืขื“ื–ืฉืžืขื ื˜ ืคืœืื˜ืคืืจืžืข ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืืกื˜, ืื™ื– ืคืืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคืœืื˜ืคืืจืžืข ืงืืžื‘ื™ื ื™ืจื˜ ืจืขืคืื–ื™ื˜ืืจื™ ื”ืื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื’, ืงืื ื˜ื™ื ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื’ืจืืฆื™ืข, ื ืงืื ื˜ืขื™ื ืขืจ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™, ื ืคืขืงืขื“ื–ืฉ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™, ื ืงื•ื‘ืขืจื ืขื˜ืขืก ื“ื™ืคืœื•ื™ืžืขื ื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืื•ื™ืคื’ืื‘ืข ืžืขื ืขื“ื–ืฉืžืขื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ "ืคื•ืœ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืกืฅ" ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจื™. ื“ื™ ืคืœืื˜ืคืืจืžืข ืคืืจื‘ืจื•ื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืš 100 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืืœืืฆื™ืข ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื“ืืงืขืจ ืงืืžืคืื– ืื•ืŸ ืคืืกื˜ื’ืจืขืกืงื™ื•. [โ€ฆ]

ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ ARM ื”ืื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืกื™ืœื™ืงืึธืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึธืจ.

ARM ื”ืื˜ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืงืื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื™ืกืขื ืกื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ื•ืจืŸ, ืื‘ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืื‘ืจื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืคืก ืฆื• ืงืื ืงื•ืจื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืื˜ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ IT ืžืืจืงืขื˜. ื“ื™ AGI CPU ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืื‘ืจื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื 3-ื ืื ืืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืคืจืืฆืขืก ื˜ืขื›ื ืืœืื’ื™ืข ื‘ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ื•ื•ืืŸ'ืก TSMC. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผ ื”ืื˜ 136 Neoverse V3 ืงืขืจื ืก. ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืืกืขืกืืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืขืจืคืืจืžืื ืก: ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืงืขืจืŸ ืคืจืืฆืขืกื™ืจื˜ ื ื“ืขื“ื™ืงื™ืจื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืคืื“ืขื ืืŸ ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ืื•ื ื’ืขื ืข [โ€ฆ]

ืคึฟืขื“ืึธืจืึท ืคึฟืึธืจื“ื–ืฉ ืงืึธืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜

ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžื™ื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจื™ื ื’ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ (CLE), ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ ืจืขื“ ื”ืขื˜ ืฆื• ืึทื“ืจืขืกื™ืจืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขื“ืึธืจืึท ืื•ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืึธืก ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜ืŸ, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ื ื’, ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจื™ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื•ื ื’, ื”ืื˜ ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขื“ืึธืจืึท ืคืึธืจื“ื–ืฉ ืงืึธืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข, ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื“ื–ืฉืึธ ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜. ืคืขื“ืึธืจืึท ืคืึธืจื“ื–ืฉ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืคึผืึทื’ื•ืจืข ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื“ืึธืจืึท [โ€ฆ]

ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืฆื• ืžื•ื ื“ืœื™ื›ืข ืขืงื–ืึทืžืขื ืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ืฅ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš.

ื“ื™ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ-ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ืฅ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคืจืืคืขืกืืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืืŸ ืืžืืœ ืคืืคื•ืœืขืจืข ืคืืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ-ืืคืฉืืฆื•ื ื’ - ืžื•ื ื“ืœื™ื›ืข ืขืงื–ืืžืขื ืก, ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื˜ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืืกืืกื™ืขื™ื˜ืขื“ ืคืจืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืžืื˜ ื ืขืžื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืืŸ AI ื˜ืฉืขื˜ื‘ืื˜ ืคืืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ. ืคืจืืคืขืกืืจืŸ ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืืื™ื•ื• ืฆื™ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื’ืขื ืขืจืื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข AI ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื-ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ ืคืจืื’ืข [โ€ฆ]

ื”ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ืืก ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืื˜ื•ืจืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจืขืงืืจื“ื™ืจื˜ โ€‹โ€‹ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ.

ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ืจืืคืขืื™ืฉืข ืกืคืขื™ืก ืื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ (ESA) ื”ืื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ื’ืข ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื–ืืžืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืกืื˜ื•ืจืŸ, ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืงืืœืื‘ืืจืืฆื™ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื ืืกื'ืก ื“ื–ืฉืขื™ืžืก ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืื‘ืœ ืกืคืขื™ืก ื˜ืขืœืขืกืงืืค. ืื™ื ืคืจืืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื‘ืืจืข ืื‘ื–ืขืจื•ื•ืืฆื™ืขืก ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ื•ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 2024 ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขืจ ืฆื• ื›ืืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืœืื ืขื˜'ืก ืื˜ืžืืกืคืขืจืข ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืื ื’ืก-ืคืขืจื™ืื“ ื•ื•ืืก ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 2025 ื’ืœื™ื™ื›ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื™ื’ืงื™ื™ื˜. ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืืจื˜ื™ื’ืข ืงืืžื‘ื™ื ืืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขื•ื•ืœืขื ื’ื˜ืก ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืŸ-ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื˜ืžืืกืคืขืจืข [โ€ฆ]