Lainos Alpine nigbagbogbo ni iṣeduro bi aworan ipilẹ fun Docker. O sọ fun ọ pe lilo Alpine yoo jẹ ki awọn ile rẹ kere si ati ilana kikọ rẹ yiyara.
Ṣugbọn ti o ba lo Alpine Linux fun awọn ohun elo Python, lẹhinna o:
- Mu ki awọn kikọ rẹ lọra pupọ
- Ṣe awọn aworan rẹ tobi
- Nfi akoko rẹ jafara
- Ati ni ipari o le fa awọn aṣiṣe ni akoko asiko
Jẹ ká wo idi ti Alpine ti wa ni niyanju, ṣugbọn idi ti o si tun yẹ ki o ko lo o pẹlu Python.
Kini idi ti awọn eniyan ṣeduro Alpine?
Jẹ ki a ro pe a nilo gcc gẹgẹbi apakan ti aworan wa ati pe a fẹ lati ṣe afiwe Alpine Linux vs Ubuntu 18.04 ni awọn ofin ti iyara kikọ ati iwọn aworan ipari.
Ni akọkọ, jẹ ki a ṣe igbasilẹ awọn aworan meji ki o ṣe afiwe awọn iwọn wọn:
$ docker pull --quiet ubuntu:18.04
docker.io/library/ubuntu:18.04
$ docker pull --quiet alpine
docker.io/library/alpine:latest
$ docker image ls ubuntu:18.04
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID SIZE
ubuntu 18.04 ccc6e87d482b 64.2MB
$ docker image ls alpine
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID SIZE
alpine latest e7d92cdc71fe 5.59MB
Bii o ti le rii, aworan ipilẹ fun Alpine kere pupọ. Jẹ ki a gbiyanju lati fi gcc sori ẹrọ ati bẹrẹ pẹlu Ubuntu:
FROM ubuntu:18.04
RUN apt-get update &&
apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y gcc &&
apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
Kikọ Dockerfile pipe kọja ipari ti nkan yii.
Jẹ ki a wiwọn iyara ijọ:
$ time docker build -t ubuntu-gcc -f Dockerfile.ubuntu --quiet .
sha256:b6a3ee33acb83148cd273b0098f4c7eed01a82f47eeb8f5bec775c26d4fe4aae
real 0m29.251s
user 0m0.032s
sys 0m0.026s
$ docker image ls ubuntu-gcc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu-gcc latest b6a3ee33acb8 9 seconds ago 150MB
A tun ṣe kanna fun Alpine (Dockerfile):
FROM alpine
RUN apk add --update gcc
A pejọ, wo akoko ati iwọn ti apejọ naa:
$ time docker build -t alpine-gcc -f Dockerfile.alpine --quiet .
sha256:efd626923c1478ccde67db28911ef90799710e5b8125cf4ebb2b2ca200ae1ac3
real 0m15.461s
user 0m0.026s
sys 0m0.024s
$ docker image ls alpine-gcc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine-gcc latest efd626923c14 7 seconds ago 105MB
Gẹgẹbi a ti ṣe ileri, awọn aworan ti o da lori Alpine ni a gba ni iyara ati pe wọn kere: 15 aaya dipo 30 ati iwọn aworan jẹ 105MB dipo 150MB. O dara pupọ!
Ṣugbọn ti a ba yipada si kikọ ohun elo Python, lẹhinna ohun gbogbo ko rosy pupọ.
Python aworan
Awọn ohun elo Python nigbagbogbo lo pandas ati matplotlib. Nitorinaa, aṣayan kan ni lati ya aworan ti o da lori Debian ni lilo Dockerfile yii:
FROM python:3.8-slim
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
Jẹ ki a gba:
$ docker build -f Dockerfile.slim -t python-matpan.
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM python:3.8-slim
---> 036ea1506a85
Step 2/2 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
---> Running in 13739b2a0917
Collecting matplotlib
Downloading matplotlib-3.1.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (13.1 MB)
Collecting pandas
Downloading pandas-0.25.3-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (10.4 MB)
...
Successfully built b98b5dc06690
Successfully tagged python-matpan:latest
real 0m30.297s
user 0m0.043s
sys 0m0.020s
A gba aworan ti 363MB ni iwọn.
Njẹ a yoo ṣe dara julọ pẹlu Alpine? Jẹ ki a gbiyanju:
FROM python:3.8-alpine
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
$ docker build -t python-matpan-alpine -f Dockerfile.alpine .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM python:3.8-alpine
---> a0ee0c90a0db
Step 2/2 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
---> Running in 6740adad3729
Collecting matplotlib
Downloading matplotlib-3.1.2.tar.gz (40.9 MB)
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /usr/local/bin/python -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/
tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'rn'"'"', '"'"'n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/pip-egg-info
...
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
The command '/bin/sh -c pip install matplotlib pandas' returned a non-zero code: 1
Kilo n ṣẹlẹ?
Alpine ko ni atilẹyin awọn kẹkẹ
Ti o ba wo ikole, eyiti o da lori Debian, iwọ yoo rii pe o ṣe igbasilẹ matplotlib-3.1.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl.
Eyi jẹ alakomeji fun kẹkẹ. Alpine ṣe igbasilẹ awọn orisun `matplotlib-3.1.2.tar.gz` niwon o ko ni atilẹyin bošewa .
Kí nìdí? Pupọ awọn pinpin Lainos lo ẹya GNU (glibc) ti ile-ikawe boṣewa C, eyiti o nilo ni otitọ nipasẹ gbogbo eto ti a kọ sinu C, pẹlu Python. Ṣugbọn Alpine nlo `musl`, ati pe niwọn igba ti awọn alakomeji wọnyẹn jẹ apẹrẹ fun `glibc`, wọn kii ṣe aṣayan lasan.
Nitorinaa, ti o ba lo Alpine, o nilo lati ṣajọ gbogbo koodu ti a kọ sinu C ni package Python kọọkan.
Oh, bẹẹni, iwọ yoo ni lati wa atokọ ti gbogbo iru awọn igbẹkẹle ti o nilo lati ṣajọ funrararẹ.
Ni idi eyi a gba:
FROM python:3.8-alpine
RUN apk --update add gcc build-base freetype-dev libpng-dev openblas-dev
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
Ati pe akoko kikọ yoo gba ...
... 25 iṣẹju 57 aaya! Ati iwọn aworan jẹ 851MB.
Awọn aworan ti o da lori Alpine gba to gun pupọ lati kọ, wọn tobi ni iwọn, ati pe o tun nilo lati wa gbogbo awọn igbẹkẹle. O le dajudaju dinku iwọn ijọ nipa lilo ṣugbọn iyẹn tumọ si paapaa iṣẹ diẹ sii nilo lati ṣee.
Iyẹn kii ṣe gbogbo rẹ!
Alpine le fa awọn idun airotẹlẹ ni akoko ṣiṣe
- Ni imọran, musl ni ibamu pẹlu glibc, ṣugbọn ni iṣe awọn iyatọ le fa ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣoro. Ati pe ti wọn ba jẹ, wọn yoo jẹ alaiwu. Eyi ni diẹ ninu awọn iṣoro ti o le dide:
- Alpine ni iwọn akopọ okun ti o kere ju nipasẹ aiyipada, eyiti o le ja si
- Diẹ ninu awọn olumulo ti rii iyẹn nitori ọna ti musl ṣe pin iranti (yatọ si glibc).
- Ọkan ninu awọn olumulo
Nitootọ awọn aṣiṣe wọnyi ti ni atunṣe tẹlẹ, ṣugbọn tani o mọ iye diẹ ti yoo jẹ.
Maṣe lo awọn aworan Alpine fun Python
Ti o ko ba fẹ lati ṣe wahala pẹlu awọn ile nla ati gigun, wiwa fun awọn igbẹkẹle ati awọn aṣiṣe ti o pọju, maṣe lo Alpine Linux bi aworan ipilẹ. .
orisun: www.habr.com