Gẹgẹbi awọn oluka wa ṣe mọ, Qrator.Radar n ṣe ailagbara lati ṣawari Asopọmọra BGP agbaye bii Asopọmọra agbegbe. Niwọn igba ti "Internet" jẹ kukuru fun "awọn nẹtiwọki ti o ni asopọ" - "awọn nẹtiwọki ti o ni asopọ", ọna ti o dara julọ lati rii daju pe didara giga ati iyara iṣẹ rẹ jẹ ọlọrọ ati oniruuru Asopọmọra ti awọn nẹtiwọki kọọkan, ti idagbasoke rẹ jẹ iwuri nipataki nipasẹ idije.
Ifarada ẹbi ti asopọ intanẹẹti ni eyikeyi agbegbe tabi orilẹ-ede ti o ni ibatan si nọmba awọn ipa-ọna omiiran laarin awọn eto adase - AS. Sibẹsibẹ, bi a ti sọ leralera ninu Resilience ti orilẹ-ede ti awọn apakan WAN, diẹ ninu awọn ọna di pataki ju awọn miiran lọ (fun apẹẹrẹ, awọn ọna si awọn olupese irekọja Tier-1 tabi awọn olupin DNS ti o ni aṣẹ) - eyi tumọ si pe wiwa ọpọlọpọ awọn ipa-ọna omiiran bi o ti ṣee ṣe ni Laini isalẹ ni ọna ti o le yanju nikan lati rii daju igbẹkẹle ti eto (ni ori AS).
Ni akoko yii, a yoo wo ẹrọ diẹ sii ti apakan Intanẹẹti ti Russian Federation. Awọn idi wa lati tọju abala yii: gẹgẹbi data ti a pese nipasẹ data iforukọsilẹ RIPE, 6183 ASs lati 88664 ti o forukọsilẹ ni agbaye jẹ ti Russian Federation, eyiti o jẹ 6,87%.
Iwọn ogorun yii fi Russia si ipo keji ni agbaye ni itọka yii, ni kete lẹhin Amẹrika (30,08% ti AS ti a forukọsilẹ) ati ṣaaju Brazil, eyiti o ni 6,34% ti gbogbo awọn eto adase. Awọn ipa ti o dide lati awọn ayipada ninu Asopọmọra Russian, , ti o gbẹkẹle tabi nitosi si asopọ yii ati, nikẹhin, ni ipele ti fere eyikeyi olupese Ayelujara.
Akopọ
Aworan 1. Pipin awọn eto adase laarin awọn orilẹ-ede ni IPv4 ati IPv6, awọn orilẹ-ede 20 ti o ga julọ
Ni IPv4, awọn ISPs lati Russian Federation polowo 33933 ninu 774859 awọn asọtẹlẹ nẹtiwọki ti o han ni agbaye, eyiti o jẹ aṣoju 4,38% ti o si fi apakan Intanẹẹti Rọsia si ipo karun ni idiyele yii. Awọn ami-iṣaaju wọnyi, ti a kede ni iyasọtọ lati apakan RU, bo 4,3 * 10^7 awọn adirẹsi IP alailẹgbẹ lati 2,9 * 10 ^ 9 ti a kede ni kariaye - 1,51%, aaye 11th.
Aworan 2. Pipin awọn asọtẹlẹ nẹtiwọki laarin awọn orilẹ-ede ni IPv4, awọn orilẹ-ede 20 oke
Laarin IPv6, awọn ISP lati Russian Federation n kede 1831 ninu 65532 awọn ami-iṣaaju agbaye ti o han, eyiti o duro fun 2,79% ati aaye 7th. Awọn asọtẹlẹ wọnyi bo awọn adirẹsi IPv1.3 alailẹgbẹ 10 * 32 ^ 6 lati 1,5 * 10 ^ 34 ti a kede ni kariaye - 0,84% ati ipo 18th.
Aworan 3. Pipin awọn asọtẹlẹ nẹtiwọki laarin awọn orilẹ-ede ni IPv6, awọn orilẹ-ede 20 oke
adani iwọn
Ọkan ninu ọpọlọpọ awọn ọna lati ṣe iṣiro isopọmọ ati igbẹkẹle ti Intanẹẹti ni orilẹ-ede kan ni lati ṣe ipo awọn eto adase ti o jẹ ti agbegbe kan nipasẹ nọmba awọn ami-iṣaaju ti ipolowo. Ilana yii, sibẹsibẹ, jẹ ipalara si idinku ipa-ọna, eyiti o jẹ iwọntunwọnsi diẹdiẹ nipa sisẹ awọn ami-iṣaaju isọdipọ pupọ lori ohun elo ISP, nipataki nitori idagba igbagbogbo ati idagbasoke ti ko ṣeeṣe ti awọn tabili ipa-ọna ti o gba iranti.
Iye ti o ga julọ ti 20 IPv4
Iye ti o ga julọ ti 20 IPv6
ASN
AS Orukọ
Nọmba awọn ami-iṣaaju
ASN
AS Orukọ
Nọmba awọn ami-iṣaaju
2279
56
1283
51
1197
30
930
26
521
20
44050
PIN AS
366
42385
RIPN
20
197695
AS-REGRU
315
51604
EKAT-AS
19
12772
ENFORTA AS
291
51819
YAR-AS
19
41704
OGS-AS
235
50543
SARATOV-AS
18
57129
EN-SERVERSGET-KRSK
225
52207
TULA-AS
18
31133
MF-MGSM-AS
216
206066
TELEDOM-AS
18
49505
Yan
213
57026
CHEB-AS
18
12714
TI-AS
195
49037
MGL-AS
17
15774
TTK-RTL
193
41682
ERTH-TMN-BI
17
12418
OWO
191
21191
ASN-SEVERTTK
16
50340
SELECTEL-MSK
188
41843
ERTH-OMSK-AS
15
28840
TATTELECOM AS
184
42682
ERTH-NNOV-AS
15
50113
SuperServersDatacenter
181
50498
LIPETSK AS
15
31163
MF-KAVKAZ-AS
176
50542
VORONEZH-BI
15
21127
ZSTTKAS
162
51645
IRKUTSK-BI
15
Table 1. AS iwọn nipa nọmba ti ipolowo ìpele
A lo iwọn apapọ ti aaye adirẹsi ti o polowo bi metric ti o lagbara diẹ sii fun ifiwera awọn iwọn ti awọn eto adase, eyiti o pinnu agbara rẹ ati iwọn eyiti o le ṣe iwọn si. Metiriki yii kii ṣe deede nigbagbogbo ni IPv6 nitori awọn ilana ipin adiresi RIPE NCC IPv6 lọwọlọwọ ati apọju ti a ṣe sinu ilana naa.
Diẹdiẹ, ipo yii yoo jẹ iwọntunwọnsi nipasẹ idagba ni lilo IPv6 ni apakan Russian ti Intanẹẹti ati idagbasoke awọn iṣe fun ṣiṣẹ pẹlu ilana IPv6.
Iye ti o ga julọ ti 20 IPv4
Iye ti o ga julọ ti 20 IPv6
ASN
AS Orukọ
Nọmba awọn adirẹsi IP
ASN
AS Orukọ
Nọmba awọn adirẹsi IP
8994816
2.76*10^30
2228864
2.06*10^30
1206272
1.43*10^30
1162752
1.35*10^30
872608
1.27*10^30
31200
NTK
566272
34241
NCT-AS
1.27*10^30
42610
NCNET AS
523264
202984
egbe-ogun
1.27*10^30
25513
ASN-MGTS-USPD
414464
12695
DINET-AS
9.51*10^29
39927
Imọlẹ AS
351744
206766
INETTECH1-AS
8.72*10^29
20485
TRANSTELECOM
350720
20485
TRANSTELECOM
7.92*10^29
8342
RTCOMM-AS
350464
12722
RECONN
7.92*10^29
28840
TATTELECOM AS
336896
47764
mairu-bi
7.92*10^29
8369
INTERSVYAZ-AS
326912
44050
PIN AS
7.13*10^29
28812
JSCBIS-BI
319488
45027
INETTECH AS
7.13*10^29
12332
PRIMORYE-BI
303104
3267
RUNNET
7.13*10^29
20632
PETERSTAR AS
284416
34580
UNITLINE_MSK_NET1
7.13*10^29
8615
CNT-AS
278528
25341
LINIYA-AS
7.13*10^29
35807
SkyNet-SPB-AS
275968
60252
OST-LLC-AS
7.13*10^29
3267
RUNNET
272640
28884
MR-SIB-MTSAS
6.73*10^29
41733
ZTELECOM AS
266240
42244
ESERVER
6.44*10^29
Table 2. AS iwọn nipa nọmba ti ipolongo IP adirẹsi
Awọn metiriki mejeeji - nọmba awọn ami-iṣaaju ti ipolowo ati iwọn apapọ aaye adirẹsi - jẹ anfani fun ifọwọyi. Botilẹjẹpe a ko rii iru ihuwasi bẹ lati AS ti a mẹnuba lakoko iwadii naa.
Asopọmọra
Awọn oriṣi akọkọ mẹta ti awọn ibatan laarin awọn eto adase:
• Onibara: sanwo AS miiran fun ọna gbigbe;
• Alabaṣepọ ẹlẹgbẹ: AS ṣe pàṣípààrọ ara rẹ ati ijabọ alabara fun ọfẹ;
• Olupese: n gba awọn owo gbigbe ọna gbigbe lati awọn AS miiran.
Nigbagbogbo, iru awọn ibatan wọnyi jẹ kanna fun eyikeyi awọn olupese Intanẹẹti meji, eyiti o jẹrisi ni agbegbe ti Russian Federation ti a gbero. Bibẹẹkọ, o ma n ṣẹlẹ nigbakan pe awọn ISP meji ni awọn oriṣiriṣi awọn ibatan ti o yatọ ni awọn agbegbe oriṣiriṣi, bii paṣipaarọ fun ọfẹ ni Yuroopu ṣugbọn nini ibatan iṣowo ni Esia.
Iye ti o ga julọ ti 20 IPv4
Iye ti o ga julọ ti 20 IPv6
ASN
AS Orukọ
Nọmba awọn onibara ni agbegbe naa
ASN
AS Orukọ
Nọmba awọn onibara ni agbegbe naa
818
94
667
82
589
77
467
72
313
70
20764
RASCOM AS
223
9049
ERTH-transit-BI
58
9049
ERTH-transit-BI
220
8359
MTS
51
8732
COMCOR AS
170
29076
CITYTELECOM AS
40
2854
ROSPRINT-BI
152
31500
GLOBALNET AS
32
29076
CITYTELECOM AS
143
3267
RUNNET
26
29226
MASTERTEL BI
143
25478
IHOME AS
22
28917
Fiord-AS
96
28917
Fiord-AS
21
25159
SonicDUO-BI
94
199599
CIREX
17
3267
RUNNET
93
29226
MASTERTEL BI
13
31500
GLOBALNET AS
87
8732
COMCOR AS
12
13094
SFO-IX-AS
80
35000
PROMETEY
12
31261
GARS-AS
80
49063
DTLN
11
25478
IHOME AS
78
42861
FOTONTELECOM
10
12695
DINET-AS
76
56534
PIRIX-INET-AS
9
8641
NAUKANET AS
73
48858
Milecom-bi
8
Table 3. AS Asopọmọra nipa nọmba ti ibara
Nọmba awọn alabara ti AS ti a fun ni ṣe afihan ipa rẹ bi olupese taara ti awọn iṣẹ Asopọmọra Intanẹẹti si awọn alabara iṣowo.
Iye ti o ga julọ ti 20 IPv4
Iye ti o ga julọ ti 20 IPv6
ASN
AS Orukọ
Nọmba awọn alabaṣiṣẹpọ ẹlẹgbẹ ni agbegbe naa
ASN
AS Orukọ
Nọmba awọn alabaṣiṣẹpọ ẹlẹgbẹ ni agbegbe naa
638
266
579
201
498
189
497
177
474
176
41268
LANTA-AS
432
3267
RUNNET
86
15672
TZTELECOM
430
31133
MF-MGSM-AS
78
39442
UNICO AS
424
60764
TK Telecom
74
39087
PAKT-AS
422
12389
ROSTELECOM AS
52
199805
UGO AS
418
42861
FOTONTELECOM
32
200487
FASTTVPS
417
8359
MTS
28
41691
SUMTEL-BI-GBON
399
20764
RASCOM AS
26
13094
SFO-IX-AS
388
20485
TRANSTELECOM
17
60357
MEGAGROUP AS
368
28917
Fiord-AS
16
41617
SOLID-IFC
347
31500
GLOBALNET AS
14
51674
Mehanika-AS
345
60388
TRANSNEFT-TELECOM-BI
14
49675
SKBKONTUR-BI
343
42385
RIPN
13
35539
INFOLINK-T-BI
310
3216
SOVAM-AS
12
42861
FOTONTELECOM
303
49063
DTLN
12
25227
ASN-AVANTEL-MSK
301
44843
OBTEL-AS
11
Table 4. AS Asopọmọra nipa nọmba ti peering awọn alabašepọ
Nọmba nla ti awọn alabaṣiṣẹpọ ẹlẹgbẹ le mu ilọsiwaju pọ si ti gbogbo agbegbe ni pataki. Pataki, bi o tilẹ jẹ pe ko ṣe pataki, Awọn Iyipada Ayelujara (IX - Internet Exchange) - awọn ISP ti o tobi julọ nigbagbogbo ko ni ipa ninu awọn iyipada agbegbe (pẹlu awọn imukuro diẹ bi NIXI) nitori iru iṣowo wọn.
Fun olupese akoonu, nọmba awọn alabaṣepọ ẹlẹgbẹ le ṣiṣẹ ni aiṣe-taara bi itọkasi iwọn didun ti ijabọ ti ipilẹṣẹ - iwuri lati ṣe paṣipaarọ awọn iwọn nla rẹ fun ọfẹ jẹ ifosiwewe iwuri (to fun ọpọlọpọ awọn olupese Intanẹẹti agbegbe) lati rii oludije ti o yẹ. fun awọn ẹlẹgbẹ ẹlẹgbẹ ni olupese akoonu. Awọn ọran iyipada tun wa, nigbati awọn olupese akoonu ko ṣe atilẹyin eto imulo ti nọmba pataki ti awọn asopọ agbegbe, eyiti o jẹ ki itọkasi yii ko ni deede pupọ fun iṣiro iwọn awọn olupese akoonu, iyẹn ni, iye ijabọ ti wọn ṣe.
Iye ti o ga julọ ti 20 IPv4
Iye ti o ga julọ ti 20 IPv6
ASN
AS Orukọ
Iwọn konu onibara
ASN
AS Orukọ
Iwọn konu onibara
3083
335
2973
219
2587
205
2463
183
2318
166
8359
MTS
2293
3216
SOVAM-AS
143
20764
RASCOM AS
2251
8359
MTS
143
9049
ERTH-transit-BI
1407
3267
RUNNET
88
29076
CITYTELECOM AS
860
29076
CITYTELECOM AS
84
28917
Fiord-AS
683
28917
Fiord-AS
70
3267
RUNNET
664
9049
ERTH-transit-BI
65
25478
IHOME AS
616
31500
GLOBALNET AS
54
43727
KVANT-TELECOM
476
25478
IHOME AS
33
31500
GLOBALNET AS
459
199599
CIREX
24
57724
DDOS-oluso
349
43727
KVANT-TELECOM
20
13094
SFO-IX-AS
294
39134
UNITEDNET
20
199599
CIREX
290
15835
MAP
15
29226
MASTERTEL BI
227
29226
MASTERTEL BI
14
201706
AS-SERVICEPIPE
208
35000
PROMETEY
14
8641
NAUKANET AS
169
49063
DTLN
13
Table 5. AS Asopọmọra nipa ose konu iwọn
Konu onibara jẹ ṣeto ti gbogbo AS ti o gbẹkẹle taara tabi laiṣe taara lori eto adase ni ibeere. Lati oju wiwo ọrọ-aje, AS kọọkan laarin konu alabara jẹ, taara tabi ni aiṣe-taara, alabara ti n sanwo. Ni ipele ti o ga julọ, nọmba AS laarin konu onibara, bakanna bi nọmba awọn onibara taara, jẹ itọkasi bọtini ti asopọ.
Lakotan, a ti pese sile fun ọ tabili miiran ti o ka Asopọmọra si ipilẹ RuNet. Nipa agbọye eto ti mojuto Asopọmọra agbegbe, ti o da lori nọmba awọn alabara taara ati iwọn konu alabara fun eto adase kọọkan ni agbegbe naa, a le ṣe iṣiro bii wọn ti jinna si awọn olupese Intanẹẹti irekọja ti o tobi julọ ni agbegbe naa. Isalẹ awọn nọmba, awọn ti o ga ni Asopọmọra. "1" tumọ si pe fun gbogbo awọn ọna ti o han ni asopọ taara si agbegbe agbegbe.
IPv4 oke 20
IPv6 oke 20
ASN
AS Orukọ
Asopọmọra Rating
ASN
AS Orukọ
Asopọmọra Rating
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.07
1.05
13238
YANDEX
1.1
8470
MAcomnet
1.17
3216
SOVAM-AS
1.11
12389
ROSTELECOM AS
1.19
48061
GPM-TECH-BI
1.11
41722
MIRAN-AS
1.2
31133
MF-MGSM-AS
1.11
8359
MTS
1.22
8359
MTS
1.12
60879
SYSTEMPROJECTS-BI
1.25
41268
LANTA-AS
1.13
41268
LANTA-AS
1.25
9049
ERTH-transit-BI
1.16
44020
CLN-AS
1.25
20485
TRANSTELECOM
1.18
29226
MASTERTEL BI
1.25
29076
CITYTELECOM AS
1.18
44943
RAMNET AS
1.25
12389
ROSTELECOM AS
1.23
12714
TI-AS
1.25
57629
IVI-EN
1.25
47764
mairu-bi
1.25
48297
Ilẹkun
1.25
44267
IESV
1.25
42632
MNOGOBYTE-BI
1.25
203730
SVIAZINVESTREGION
1.25
44020
CLN-AS
1.25
3216
SOVAM-AS
1.25
12668
MIRALOGIC-BI
1.25
24739
SVEREN-TELECOM
1.29
Table 6. AS Asopọmọra nipasẹ ijinna si agbegbe Asopọmọra mojuto
Kini o le ṣe lati mu ilọsiwaju apapọ pọ si ati, bi abajade, iduroṣinṣin, igbẹkẹle ati aabo ti orilẹ-ede eyikeyi, Russian Federation ni pataki? Eyi ni diẹ ninu awọn iwọn:
- Awọn iyokuro owo-ori ati awọn anfani miiran fun awọn oniṣẹ agbegbe ti awọn aaye paṣipaarọ ijabọ, bakannaa wiwọle si ọfẹ si wọn;
- Ọfẹ tabi irọrun olowo poku ti ilẹ fun fifi awọn laini ibaraẹnisọrọ okun opiki;
- Ṣiṣe awọn ikẹkọ ati awọn akoko ikẹkọ fun awọn oṣiṣẹ imọ-ẹrọ ni awọn agbegbe latọna jijin, pẹlu awọn idanileko ati awọn ọna kika miiran fun kikọ awọn iṣẹ ti o dara julọ fun ṣiṣẹ pẹlu BGP. RIPE NCC ṣeto diẹ ninu wọn, .
Awọn data ti a gbekalẹ loke jẹ abajade lati inu iwadi ti a ṣe nipasẹ Qrator Labs lori aaye ayelujara ti agbegbe keji ti o tobi julọ ni agbaye ti Russian Federation (ti a tun mọ ni "Runet") ti o da lori awọn data ṣiṣi ti a gba ati ti ni ilọsiwaju laarin iṣẹ naa. . Igbejade ti iwadi ni kikun jẹ ikede bi idanileko (idanileko) laarin ni Keje. Ibere fun data ti o jọra fun awọn apakan ti awọn orilẹ-ede miiran ati awọn agbegbe ni a le fi ranṣẹ si adirẹsi imeeli .
orisun: www.habr.com