Ṣiṣẹ lori ọgbọn ti lilo akojọpọ ati iworan data ni Python

Hey Habr!

Loni a yoo ṣiṣẹ lori ọgbọn ti lilo awọn irinṣẹ fun ṣiṣe akojọpọ ati wiwo data ni Python. Ninu ohun ti a pese dataset lori Github Jẹ ki a ṣe itupalẹ awọn abuda pupọ ki o kọ eto iworan kan.

Gẹgẹbi aṣa, ni ibẹrẹ, jẹ ki a ṣalaye awọn ibi-afẹde:

• Awọn data ẹgbẹ nipasẹ akọ-abo ati ọdun ati foju inu wo awọn agbara gbogbogbo ti oṣuwọn ibimọ ti awọn mejeeji;
• Wa awọn orukọ olokiki julọ ni gbogbo igba;
• Pin gbogbo akoko akoko ni data si awọn ẹya 10 ati fun ọkọọkan, wa orukọ olokiki julọ ti akọ-abo kọọkan. Fun orukọ kọọkan ti a rii, wo awọn agbara rẹ ni gbogbo igba;
• Fun ọdun kọọkan, ṣe iṣiro iye awọn orukọ ti o bo 50% ti eniyan ki o wo inu (a yoo rii awọn oriṣiriṣi awọn orukọ fun ọdun kọọkan);
• Yan awọn ọdun 4 lati gbogbo aarin ati ifihan fun ọdun kọọkan pinpin nipasẹ lẹta akọkọ ni orukọ ati nipasẹ lẹta ti o kẹhin ni orukọ;
• Ṣe atokọ ti ọpọlọpọ awọn eniyan olokiki (awọn alaṣẹ, awọn akọrin, awọn oṣere, awọn oṣere fiimu) ati ṣe iṣiro ipa wọn lori awọn agbara ti awọn orukọ. Kọ a iworan.

Awọn ọrọ ti o dinku, koodu diẹ sii!

Ati, jẹ ki a lọ.

Jẹ ki a ṣe akojọpọ data naa nipasẹ akọ-abo ati ọdun ki a foju inu wo awọn agbara gbogbogbo ti oṣuwọn ibimọ ti awọn mejeeji:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

years = np.arange(1880, 2011, 3)
datalist = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesm/pydata-book/2nd-edition/datasets/babynames/yob{year}.txt'
dataframes = []
for year in years:
    dataset = datalist.format(year=year)
    dataframe = pd.read_csv(dataset, names=['name', 'sex', 'count'])
    dataframes.append(dataframe.assign(year=year))

result = pd.concat(dataframes)
sex = result.groupby('sex')
births_men = sex.get_group('M').groupby('year', as_index=False)
births_women = sex.get_group('F').groupby('year', as_index=False)
births_men_list = births_men.aggregate(np.sum)['count'].tolist()
births_women_list = births_women.aggregate(np.sum)['count'].tolist()

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
fig.set_size_inches(25,15)

index = np.arange(len(years))
stolb1 = ax.bar(index, births_men_list, 0.4, color='c', label='Мужчины')
stolb2 = ax.bar(index + 0.4, births_women_list, 0.4, alpha=0.8, color='r', label='Женщины')

ax.set_title('Рождаемость по полу и годам')
ax.set_xlabel('Года')
ax.set_ylabel('Рождаемость')
ax.set_xticklabels(years)
ax.set_xticks(index + 0.4)
ax.legend(loc=9)

fig.tight_layout()
plt.show()

Jẹ ki a wa awọn orukọ olokiki julọ ninu itan-akọọlẹ:

years = np.arange(1880, 2011)

dataframes = []
for year in years:
    dataset = datalist.format(year=year)
    dataframe = pd.read_csv(dataset, names=['name', 'sex', 'count'])
    dataframes.append(dataframe)

result = pd.concat(dataframes)
names = result.groupby('name', as_index=False).sum().sort_values('count', ascending=False)
names.head(10)

Jẹ ki a pin gbogbo akoko akoko ni data si awọn ẹya 10 ati fun ọkọọkan a yoo rii orukọ olokiki julọ ti akọ-abo kọọkan. Fun orukọ kọọkan ti a rii, a foju inu wo awọn agbara rẹ ni gbogbo igba:

years = np.arange(1880, 2011)
part_size = int((years[years.size - 1] - years[0]) / 10) + 1
parts = {}
def GetPart(year):
    return int((year - years[0]) / part_size)
for year in years:
    index = GetPart(year)
    r = years[0] + part_size * index, min(years[years.size - 1], years[0] + part_size * (index + 1))
    parts[index] = str(r[0]) + '-' + str(r[1])

dataframe_parts = []
dataframes = []
for year in years:
    dataset = datalist.format(year=year)
    dataframe = pd.read_csv(dataset, names=['name', 'sex', 'count'])
    dataframe_parts.append(dataframe.assign(years=parts[GetPart(year)]))
    dataframes.append(dataframe.assign(year=year))
    
result_parts = pd.concat(dataframe_parts)
result = pd.concat(dataframes)

result_parts_sums = result_parts.groupby(['years', 'sex', 'name'], as_index=False).sum()
result_parts_names = result_parts_sums.iloc[result_parts_sums.groupby(['years', 'sex'], as_index=False).apply(lambda x: x['count'].idxmax())]
result_sums = result.groupby(['year', 'sex', 'name'], as_index=False).sum()

for groupName, groupLabels in result_parts_names.groupby(['name', 'sex']).groups.items():
    group = result_sums.groupby(['name', 'sex']).get_group(groupName)
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(18,10))

    ax.set_xlabel('Года')
    ax.set_ylabel('Рождаемость')
    label = group['name']
    ax.plot(group['year'], group['count'], label=label.aggregate(np.max), color='b', ls='-')
    ax.legend(loc=9, fontsize=11)

    plt.show()

Fun ọdun kọọkan, a ṣe iṣiro iye awọn orukọ ti o bo 50% eniyan ati wo data yii:

dataframe = pd.DataFrame({'year': [], 'count': []})
years = np.arange(1880, 2011)
for year in years:
    dataset = datalist.format(year=year)
    csv = pd.read_csv(dataset, names=['name', 'sex', 'count'])
    names = csv.groupby('name', as_index=False).aggregate(np.sum)
    names['sum'] = names.sum()['count']
    names['percent'] = names['count'] / names['sum'] * 100
    names = names.sort_values(['percent'], ascending=False)
    names['cum_perc'] = names['percent'].cumsum()
    names_filtered = names[names['cum_perc'] <= 50]
    dataframe = dataframe.append(pd.DataFrame({'year': [year], 'count': [names_filtered.shape[0]]}))

fig, ax1 = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(22,13))
ax1.set_xlabel('Года', fontsize = 12)
ax1.set_ylabel('Разнообразие имен', fontsize = 12)
ax1.plot(dataframe['year'], dataframe['count'], color='r', ls='-')
ax1.legend(loc=9, fontsize=12)

plt.show()

Jẹ ki a yan awọn ọdun 4 lati gbogbo aarin ati ṣafihan fun ọdun kọọkan pinpin nipasẹ lẹta akọkọ ni orukọ ati nipasẹ lẹta ti o kẹhin ni orukọ:

from string import ascii_lowercase, ascii_uppercase

fig_first, ax_first = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(14,10))
fig_last, ax_last = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(14,10))

index = np.arange(len(ascii_uppercase))
years = [1944, 1978, 1991, 2003]
colors = ['r', 'g', 'b', 'y']
n = 0
for year in years:
    dataset = datalist.format(year=year)
    csv = pd.read_csv(dataset, names=['name', 'sex', 'count'])
    names = csv.groupby('name', as_index=False).aggregate(np.sum)
    count = names.shape[0]

    dataframe = pd.DataFrame({'letter': [], 'frequency_first': [], 'frequency_last': []})
    for letter in ascii_uppercase:
        countFirst = (names[names.name.str.startswith(letter)].count()['count'])
        countLast = (names[names.name.str.endswith(letter.lower())].count()['count'])

        dataframe = dataframe.append(pd.DataFrame({
            'letter': [letter],
            'frequency_first': [countFirst / count * 100],
            'frequency_last': [countLast / count * 100]}))

    ax_first.bar(index + 0.3 * n, dataframe['frequency_first'], 0.3, alpha=0.5, color=colors[n], label=year)
    ax_last.bar(index + bar_width * n, dataframe['frequency_last'], 0.3, alpha=0.5, color=colors[n], label=year)
    n += 1

ax_first.set_xlabel('Буква алфавита')
ax_first.set_ylabel('Частота, %')
ax_first.set_title('Первая буква в имени')
ax_first.set_xticks(index)
ax_first.set_xticklabels(ascii_uppercase)
ax_first.legend()

ax_last.set_xlabel('Буква алфавита')
ax_last.set_ylabel('Частота, %')
ax_last.set_title('Последняя буква в имени')
ax_last.set_xticks(index)
ax_last.set_xticklabels(ascii_uppercase)
ax_last.legend()

fig_first.tight_layout()
fig_last.tight_layout()

plt.show()

Jẹ ki a ṣe atokọ ti ọpọlọpọ awọn olokiki eniyan (awọn alaṣẹ, awọn akọrin, awọn oṣere, awọn oṣere fiimu) ati ṣe iṣiro ipa wọn lori awọn agbara ti awọn orukọ:

celebrities = {'Frank': 'M', 'Britney': 'F', 'Madonna': 'F', 'Bob': 'M'}
dataframes = []
for year in years:
    dataset = datalist.format(year=year)
    dataframe = pd.read_csv(dataset, names=['name', 'sex', 'count'])
    dataframes.append(dataframe.assign(year=year))

result = pd.concat(dataframes)

for celebrity, sex in celebrities.items():
    names = result[result.name == celebrity]
    dataframe = names[names.sex == sex]
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(16,8))

    ax.set_xlabel('Года', fontsize = 10)
    ax.set_ylabel('Рождаемость', fontsize = 10)
    ax.plot(dataframe['year'], dataframe['count'], label=celebrity, color='r', ls='-')
    ax.legend(loc=9, fontsize=12)
        
    plt.show()

Fun ikẹkọ, o le ṣafikun akoko igbesi aye olokiki si iworan lati apẹẹrẹ ti o kẹhin lati le ṣe ayẹwo ni kedere ipa wọn lori awọn agbara ti awọn orukọ.

Pẹlu eyi, gbogbo awọn ibi-afẹde wa ni aṣeyọri ati imuse. A ti ni idagbasoke ọgbọn ti lilo awọn irinṣẹ fun kikojọpọ ati wiwo data ni Python, ati pe a yoo tẹsiwaju lati ṣiṣẹ pẹlu data. Gbogbo eniyan le fa awọn ipinnu ti o da lori ṣiṣe ti a ti ṣetan, data wiwo funrara wọn.

Imọye si gbogbo eniyan!

orisun: www.habr.com