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Ṣiṣẹda aworan Ubuntu kan fun ARM “lati ibere”

Nigbati idagbasoke ba bẹrẹ, igbagbogbo ko ṣe alaye iru awọn idii yoo lọ si awọn rootfs ibi-afẹde.

Ni awọn ọrọ miiran, o ti ni kutukutu lati mu LFS, buildroot tabi yocto (tabi nkan miiran), ṣugbọn o nilo tẹlẹ lati bẹrẹ. Fun awọn ọlọrọ (Mo ni 4GB eMMC lori awọn apẹẹrẹ awaoko) ọna kan wa lati pin kaakiri si awọn olupilẹṣẹ pinpin ti yoo gba wọn laaye lati yarayara jiṣẹ nkan ti o nsọnu lọwọlọwọ, ati lẹhinna a le gba awọn atokọ ti awọn idii nigbagbogbo ati ṣẹda atokọ kan fun awọn rootfs afojusun.

Nkan yii kii ṣe tuntun ati pe o jẹ itọnisọna daakọ-lẹẹmọ ti o rọrun.

Idi ti nkan naa ni lati kọ awọn rootfs Ubuntu fun awọn igbimọ ARM (ninu ọran mi, da lori Colibri imx7d).

Ṣiṣe aworan kan

A pejọ awọn rootfs afojusun fun ẹda.

Unpacking Ubuntu Mimọ

A yan itusilẹ funrararẹ da lori iwulo ati awọn ayanfẹ tiwa. Nibi ti mo ti fun 20.

$ mkdir ubuntu20
$ cd ubuntu20
$ mkdir rootfs
$ wget http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/releases/20.04/release/ubuntu-base-20.04-base-armhf.tar.gz
$ tar xf ubuntu-base-20.04-base-armhf.tar.gz -C rootfs

Ṣiṣayẹwo atilẹyin BINFMT ninu ekuro

Ti o ba ni pinpin ti o wọpọ, lẹhinna atilẹyin wa fun BINFMT_MISC ati pe ohun gbogbo ti tunto, ti kii ba ṣe bẹ, lẹhinna Mo ni idaniloju pe o mọ bi o ṣe le mu atilẹyin BINFMT ṣiṣẹ ninu ekuro.

Rii daju pe BINFMT_MISC ti ṣiṣẹ ninu ekuro:

$ zcat /proc/config.gz | grep BINFMT
CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF=y
CONFIG_COMPAT_BINFMT_ELF=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_SCRIPT=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC=y

Bayi o nilo lati ṣayẹwo awọn eto:

$ ls /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
qemu-arm  register  status
$ cat /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-arm
enabled
interpreter /usr/bin/qemu-arm
flags: OC
offset 0
magic 7f454c4601010100000000000000000002002800
mask ffffffffffffff00fffffffffffffffffeffffff

O le forukọsilẹ pẹlu ọwọ, fun apẹẹrẹ, nibi ni awọn ilana wọnyi.

Eto soke qemu aimi apa

Bayi a nilo apẹẹrẹ qemu ti o pejọ.

!!! AKIYESI !!!
Ti o ba gbero lati lo apoti kan lati kọ nkan kan, ṣayẹwo:
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=23960
https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1805913
Lẹhinna fun x86_64 alejo gbigba ati apa o nilo lati lo ẹya i386 ti qemu:
http://ftp.ru.debian.org/debian/pool/main/q/qemu/qemu-user-static_5.0-13_i386.deb

$ wget http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/q/qemu/qemu-user-static_5.0-13_amd64.deb
$ alient -t qemu-user-static_5.0-13_amd64.deb
# путь в rootfs и имя исполняемого файла должно совпадать с /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-arm
$ mkdir qemu
$ tar xf qemu-user-static-5.0.tgz -C qemu
$ file qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static
qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=be45f9a321cccc5c139cc1991a4042907f9673b6, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped
$ cp qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm
$ file rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm
rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=be45f9a321cccc5c139cc1991a4042907f9673b6, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped

kroot

Iwe afọwọkọ ti o rọrun:

ch-oke.sh

#!/bin/bash

function mnt() {
    echo "MOUNTING"
    sudo mount -t proc /proc proc
    sudo mount --rbind /sys sys
    sudo mount --make-rslave sys
    sudo mount --rbind /dev dev
    sudo mount --make-rslave dev
    sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts dev/pts
    sudo chroot 
}

function umnt() {
    echo "UNMOUNTING"
    sudo umount proc
    sudo umount sys
    sudo umount dev/pts
    sudo umount dev

}

if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;
then
    mnt $1 $2
elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
    umnt $1 $2
else
    echo ""
    echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or both parameters were missing"
    echo ""
    echo "1'st parameter can be one of these: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"
    echo "2'nd parameter is the full path of rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"
    echo ""
    echo "For example: ch-mount -m /media/sdcard/"
    echo ""
    echo 1st parameter : 
    echo 2nd parameter : 
fi

A nifẹ si abajade:

$ ./ch-mount.sh -m rootfs/
# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04 LTS"
VERSION_ID="20.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=focal
UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal
# uname -a
Linux NShubin 5.5.9-gentoo-x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT Mon Mar 16 14:34:52 MSK 2020 armv7l armv7l armv7l GNU/Linux

Kan fun igbadun, jẹ ki a wọn iwọn ṣaaju ati lẹhin fifi sori ẹrọ ti o kere ju (fun mi) ṣeto ti awọn idii:

# du -d 0 -h / 2>/dev/null
63M     /

Jẹ ki a ṣe imudojuiwọn:

# apt update
# apt upgrade --yes

Jẹ ki a fi sori ẹrọ awọn idii ti a nifẹ si:

# SYSTEMD_IGNORE_CHROOT=yes apt install --yes autoconf kmod socat ifupdown ethtool iputils-ping net-tools ssh g++ iproute2 dhcpcd5 incron ser2net udev systemd gcc minicom vim cmake make mtd-utils util-linux git strace gdb libiio-dev iiod

Awọn faili akọsori ekuro ati awọn modulu jẹ ọrọ lọtọ. Nitoribẹẹ, a kii yoo fi sori ẹrọ bootloader, ekuro, awọn modulu, igi ẹrọ nipasẹ Ubuntu. Wọn yoo wa si wa lati ita tabi a yoo ko wọn jọ funrara tabi wọn yoo fun wa nipasẹ olupese igbimọ, ni eyikeyi idiyele eyi ko kọja ipari ti itọnisọna yii.

Ni iwọn diẹ, iyatọ ti ikede jẹ itẹwọgba, ṣugbọn o dara lati mu wọn lati kọ ekuro.

# apt install --yes linux-headers-generic

Jẹ ki a wo ohun ti o ṣẹlẹ ati pe o yipada pupọ:

# apt clean
# du -d 0 -h / 2>/dev/null
770M    /

Maṣe gbagbe lati ṣeto ọrọ igbaniwọle kan.

Iṣakojọpọ aworan naa

$ sudo tar -C rootfs --transform "s|^./||" --numeric-owner --owner=0 --group=0 -c ./ | tar --delete ./ | gzip > rootfs.tar.gz

Ni afikun, a le fi sori ẹrọ etckeeper pẹlu eto autopush

O dara, jẹ ki a sọ pe a pin apejọ wa, iṣẹ naa bẹrẹ lori bi o ṣe dara julọ lati pejọ awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti eto wa nigbamii.

etckeeper le wa si iranlọwọ wa.

Aabo jẹ ọrọ ti ara ẹni:

  • o le daabobo awọn ẹka kan
  • ṣe ina bọtini alailẹgbẹ fun ẹrọ kọọkan
  • mu agbara titari
  • ati be be lo. ...
# ssh-keygen
# apt install etckeeper
# etckeeper init
# cd /etc
# git remote add origin ...

Jẹ ki a ṣeto autopush

A le, dajudaju, ṣẹda awọn ẹka lori ẹrọ ni ilosiwaju (jẹ ki a sọ pe a ṣe akosile tabi iṣẹ kan ti yoo ṣiṣẹ ni igba akọkọ ti o ṣe ifilọlẹ).

# cat /etc/etckeeper/etckeeper.conf
PUSH_REMOTE="origin"

Tabi a le ṣe nkan ti o ni ijafafa...

Ọna ọlẹ

Jẹ ki a ni diẹ ninu iru idanimọ alailẹgbẹ, sọ nọmba ni tẹlentẹle ti ero isise (tabi MAC - awọn ile-iṣẹ to ṣe pataki ra sakani):

o nran / proc / cpuinfo

# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor       : 0
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 60.36
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm 
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xc07
CPU revision    : 5

processor       : 1
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 60.36
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm 
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xc07
CPU revision    : 5

Hardware        : Freescale i.MX7 Dual (Device Tree)
Revision        : 0000
Serial          : 06372509

Lẹhinna a le lo fun orukọ ẹka ti a yoo tẹ si:

# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Serial | cut -d':' -f 2 | tr -d [:blank:]
06372509

Jẹ ki a ṣẹda iwe afọwọkọ ti o rọrun:

# cat /etc/etckeeper/commit.d/40myown-push
#!/bin/sh
set -e

if [ "$VCS" = git ] && [ -d .git ]; then
  branch=$(cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Serial | cut -d':' -f 2 | tr -d [:blank:])
  cd /etc/
  git push origin master:${branch}
fi

Ati pe iyẹn ni gbogbo - lẹhin igba diẹ a le wo awọn ayipada ati ṣẹda atokọ ti awọn idii fun famuwia ibi-afẹde.

Awọn ohun elo ti a ṣe iṣeduro

BINFMT_MISC
Atilẹyin Kernel fun Awọn ọna kika alakomeji oriṣiriṣi (binfmt_misc)
Iṣakojọpọ pẹlu qemu olumulo chroot
Ṣiṣe awọn rootfs Ubuntu fun ARM
Bii o ṣe le ṣẹda aṣa Ubuntu ifiwe lati ibere
Crossdev qemu-aimi-olumulo-chroot
etckeeper

getdents64 isoro

readdir() da NULL pada (errno=EOVERFLOW) fun 32-bit user-static qemu lori agbalejo 64-bit
Ext4 64 bit elile fi opin si 32 bit glibc 2.28+
compiler_id_detection kuna fun armhf nigba lilo imudara ipo olumulo QEMU
CMake ko ṣiṣẹ daradara labẹ qemu-apa

orisun: www.habr.com