TL; DRNkan naa sọrọ nipa irọrun, iyara ati ọna igbẹkẹle lati ṣe idanimọ awọn eto Linux ti o kọ data si disiki, eyiti o ṣe iranlọwọ ni idamo ẹru nla tabi aibikita loorekoore lori eto inu disiki, ati pe o tun fun ọ laaye lati ṣe iṣiro oke ti eto faili naa. Eyi jẹ otitọ paapaa fun awọn SSD ni awọn PC, EMMCs, ati iranti Flash ni awọn kọnputa igbimọ ẹyọkan.
Lakoko kikọ nkan yii, Mo ṣe awari pe kikọ ọpọlọpọ awọn kilobytes ti data si eto faili faili BTRFS ni kikọ awọn megabytes 3 ti data gidi si disk.
Ifihan
“Oh, isọkusọ, awọn sẹẹli iranti lori awọn SSDs ode oni yoo kuna lẹhin awọn ewadun ti lilo deede, maṣe yọ ara rẹ lẹnu, gbigbe gbigbe pupọ diẹ sii, awọn ẹrọ foju ati folda profaili aṣawakiri si HDD” - idahun aṣoju si ibeere nipa Igbẹkẹle ti awọn awakọ ipinlẹ to lagbara pẹlu ẹri ≈150 TBW. Ti o ba ṣe iṣiro iye data ti sọfitiwia aṣoju le kọ, o dabi pe 10-20 GB fun ọjọ kan ti jẹ eeya nla tẹlẹ, jẹ ki o pọju 40 GB, pupọ diẹ sii. Fi fun awọn nọmba wọnyi, idahun jẹ ohun ti o tọ - o gba ọdun 10 lati ṣaṣeyọri ẹri awọn iye fun nọmba awọn sẹẹli ti a kọkọ, pẹlu 40 GB ti data ti o gbasilẹ lojoojumọ.
Sibẹsibẹ, ni ọdun 6 Mo ti lo SSD kẹta mi tẹlẹ: oludari akọkọ ti kuna, ati pe ekeji bẹrẹ gbigbe data laarin awọn sẹẹli ni ọpọlọpọ igba ni ọjọ kan, eyiti o yorisi awọn idaduro 30-aaya ni iṣẹ gbigbasilẹ.
Lẹhin awọn oṣu 7 ti lilo SSD tuntun, Mo pinnu lati ṣayẹwo iye data ti a kọ, bi a ti royin nipasẹ awakọ funrararẹ nipasẹ SMART.
19.7 TB.
Ni awọn oṣu 7 o kan, Mo lo 13% ti iye iṣeduro ti data ti o gbasilẹ, botilẹjẹpe o tunto ni ibamu pẹlu awọn iṣeduro fun tito awọn ipin ati ṣeto FS, Mo fẹrẹ ma lo swap, awọn disiki ẹrọ foju wa ni be. lori HDD!
Eyi jẹ eeya ti o tobi pupọ; ni iwọn yii, TBW atilẹyin ọja yoo kọja ṣaaju akoko atilẹyin ọja ọdun 5 ti de. Ati kọmputa mi ko le kọ 93 gigabytes fun ọjọ kan! A nilo lati ṣayẹwo iye data ti a kọ si disk ni iṣẹju 10…
Total:
Writes Queued: 24,712, 2,237MiB
Writes Completed: 25,507, 2,237MiB
Write Merges: 58, 5,472KiB
2.2 GiB, oh-ho-ho!
Ṣiṣe ipinnu iye data ti a kọ si ẹrọ disk kan
Ti ẹrọ rẹ ba ṣe atilẹyin SMART (SSD, EMMC, diẹ ninu MicroSD ile-iṣẹ), lẹhinna ohun akọkọ ti o yẹ ki o ṣe ni beere data lati inu awakọ nipa lilo awọn eto. smartctl, skdump tabi mmc (lati mmc-utils).
Iṣajade apẹẹrẹ lati eto smartctl
$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.0 2019-03-31 r4903 [x86_64-linux-5.3.11-200.fc30.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Samsung based SSDs
Device Model: Samsung SSD 860 EVO mSATA 250GB
Serial Number: S41MNC0KA13477K
LU WWN Device Id: 5 002538 e700fa64b
Firmware Version: RVT41B6Q
User Capacity: 250 059 350 016 bytes [250 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Form Factor: mSATA
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-4 T13/BSR INCITS 529 revision 5
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Tue Nov 19 01:48:50 2019 MSK
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x53) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 85) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 1
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 5171
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 459
177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0013 096 096 000 Pre-fail Always - 62
179 Used_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Tot 0x0013 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
181 Program_Fail_Cnt_Total 0x0032 100 100 010 Old_age Always - 0
182 Erase_Fail_Count_Total 0x0032 100 100 010 Old_age Always - 0
183 Runtime_Bad_Block 0x0013 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
187 Uncorrectable_Error_Cnt 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0032 058 039 000 Old_age Always - 42
195 ECC_Error_Rate 0x001a 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
199 CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
235 POR_Recovery_Count 0x0012 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 29
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 38615215765
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.SSD mi tọju iye data ti a kọ sinu paramita 241 Total_LBAs_Written, ni awọn bulọọki ọgbọn (LBA) ju awọn baiti lọ. Iwọn bulọọki ọgbọn ninu ọran mi jẹ awọn baiti 512 (o le rii ninu iṣelọpọ smartctl, ni Iwọn Apa). Lati gba awọn baiti, o nilo lati isodipupo iye paramita nipasẹ 512.
38615215765 × 512 ÷ 1000 ÷ 1000 ÷ 1000 ÷ 1000 = 19,770 ТБ
38615215765 × 512 ÷ 1024 ÷ 1024 ÷ 1024 ÷ 1024 = 17,981 ТиБEto naa skdump lori SSD mi o gbiyanju lati tumọ iye Total_LBAs_Written ni ọna tirẹ, eyiti o jẹ idi ti o fi han 1296217.695 TB, eyiti o han gbangba pe ko tọ.
Lati wa iye alaye ti o gbasilẹ ni ipele ẹrọ, a yoo lo eto naa btrace lati package blktrace. O ṣe afihan awọn iṣiro gbogbogbo mejeeji fun gbogbo akoko ti eto naa n ṣiṣẹ, ati awọn ilana kọọkan ati awọn okun (pẹlu awọn kernels) ti o ṣe igbasilẹ naa.
Ṣiṣe aṣẹ atẹle lati gba alaye ni iṣẹju mẹwa 10, nibiti / dev/sdb jẹ disk rẹ:
# btrace -w 600 -a write /dev/sdbAṣoju pipaṣẹ jade
…
8,16 0 3253 50.085433192 0 C WS 125424240 + 64 [0]
8,16 0 3254 50.085550024 0 C WS 193577744 + 64 [0]
8,16 0 3255 50.085685165 0 C WS 197246976 + 64 [0]
8,16 0 3256 50.085936852 0 C WS 125736264 + 128 [0]
8,16 0 3257 50.086060780 0 C WS 96261752 + 64 [0]
8,16 0 3258 50.086195031 0 C WS 94948640 + 64 [0]
8,16 0 3259 50.086327355 0 C WS 124656144 + 64 [0]
8,16 0 3260 50.086843733 15368 C WSM 310218496 + 32 [0]
8,16 0 3261 50.086975238 753 A WSM 310218368 + 32 <- (8,20) 291339904
8,16 0 3262 50.086975560 753 Q WSM 310218368 + 32 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3263 50.086977345 753 G WSM 310218368 + 32 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3264 50.086978072 753 I WSM 310218368 + 32 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3265 50.086979159 753 D WSM 310218368 + 32 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3266 50.087055685 0 C WSM 310218368 + 32 [0]
8,16 0 3267 50.087060168 753 A WSM 310218592 + 160 <- (8,20) 291340128
8,16 0 3268 50.087060367 753 Q WSM 310218592 + 160 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3269 50.087061242 753 G WSM 310218592 + 160 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3270 50.087061698 753 I WSM 310218592 + 160 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3271 50.087062361 753 D WSM 310218592 + 160 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3272 50.087386179 0 C WSM 310218592 + 160 [0]
8,16 0 3273 50.087436417 15368 A FWS 0 + 0 <- (253,1) 0
8,16 0 3274 50.087437471 15368 Q FWS [LS Thread]
8,16 0 3275 50.087440862 15368 G FWS [LS Thread]
8,16 0 3276 50.088300047 0 C WS 0 [0]
8,16 0 3277 50.088470917 753 A WFSM 18882688 + 8 <- (8,20) 4224
8,16 0 3278 50.088471091 753 Q WFSM 18882688 + 8 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3279 50.088471688 753 G WFSM 18882688 + 8 [dmcrypt_write/2]
8,16 0 3280 50.088474334 32254 D WSM 18882688 + 8 [kworker/0:2H]
8,16 0 3281 50.088515572 0 C WSM 18882688 + 8 [0]
8,16 0 3282 50.089229069 0 C WSM 18882688 [0]
CPU0 (8,16):
Reads Queued: 0, 0KiB Writes Queued: 345, 25,932KiB
Read Dispatches: 0, 0KiB Write Dispatches: 331, 25,788KiB
Reads Requeued: 0 Writes Requeued: 0
Reads Completed: 0, 0KiB Writes Completed: 1,597, 117,112KiB
Read Merges: 0, 0KiB Write Merges: 1, 16KiB
Read depth: 0 Write depth: 177
IO unplugs: 0 Timer unplugs: 0
CPU1 (8,16):
Reads Queued: 0, 0KiB Writes Queued: 502, 39,948KiB
Read Dispatches: 0, 0KiB Write Dispatches: 495, 40,076KiB
Reads Requeued: 0 Writes Requeued: 0
Reads Completed: 0, 0KiB Writes Completed: 0, 0KiB
Read Merges: 0, 0KiB Write Merges: 0, 0KiB
Read depth: 0 Write depth: 177
IO unplugs: 0 Timer unplugs: 0
CPU2 (8,16):
Reads Queued: 0, 0KiB Writes Queued: 297, 26,800KiB
Read Dispatches: 0, 0KiB Write Dispatches: 287, 26,800KiB
Reads Requeued: 0 Writes Requeued: 0
Reads Completed: 0, 0KiB Writes Completed: 0, 0KiB
Read Merges: 0, 0KiB Write Merges: 0, 0KiB
Read depth: 0 Write depth: 177
IO unplugs: 0 Timer unplugs: 0
CPU3 (8,16):
Reads Queued: 0, 0KiB Writes Queued: 418, 24,432KiB
Read Dispatches: 0, 0KiB Write Dispatches: 408, 24,448KiB
Reads Requeued: 0 Writes Requeued: 0
Reads Completed: 0, 0KiB Writes Completed: 0, 0KiB
Read Merges: 0, 0KiB Write Merges: 2, 272KiB
Read depth: 0 Write depth: 177
IO unplugs: 0 Timer unplugs: 0
Total (8,16):
Reads Queued: 0, 0KiB Writes Queued: 1,562, 117,112KiB
Read Dispatches: 0, 0KiB Write Dispatches: 1,521, 117,112KiB
Reads Requeued: 0 Writes Requeued: 0
Reads Completed: 0, 0KiB Writes Completed: 1,597, 117,112KiB
Read Merges: 0, 0KiB Write Merges: 3, 288KiB
IO unplugs: 0 Timer unplugs: 0
Throughput (R/W): 0KiB/s / 2,338KiB/s
Events (8,16): 9,287 entries
Skips: 0 forward (0 - 0.0%)
btrace gba ọ laaye lati rii kedere iye gangan ti data ti o gbasilẹ, ṣugbọn o nira lati ni oye iru awọn eto ti n gbasilẹ lati iṣelọpọ rẹ.
Ipinnu awọn eto ti o kọ si awọn drive
Eto naa iotop yoo fihan awọn ilana kikọ si disk ati iwọn data ti a kọ.
Ijade irọrun ti o rọrun julọ ni a pese nipasẹ awọn aye atẹle:
# iotop -obPatApeere igbejade eto
02:55:47 Total DISK READ : 0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE : 30.65 K/s
02:55:47 Actual DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Actual DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/s
TIME PID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO COMMAND
b'02:55:47 753 be/4 root 0.00 B 0.00 B 0.00 % 0.04 % [dmcrypt_write/2]'
b'02:55:47 788 be/4 root 72.00 K 18.27 M 0.00 % 0.02 % [btrfs-transacti]'
b'02:55:47 15057 be/4 valdikss 216.00 K 283.05 M 0.00 % 0.01 % firefox'
b'02:55:47 1588 ?dif root 0.00 B 0.00 B 0.00 % 0.00 % Xorg -nolisten tcp -auth /var/run/sddm/{398f030f-9667-4dff-b371-81eaae48dfdf} -background none -noreset -displayfd 18 -seat seat0 vt1'
b'02:55:47 15692 be/4 valdikss 988.00 K 9.41 M 0.00 % 0.00 % python3 /usr/bin/gajim'
b'02:55:47 15730 ?dif valdikss 9.07 M 0.00 B 0.00 % 0.00 % telegram-desktop --'
b'02:55:47 2174 ?dif valdikss 1840.00 K 2.47 M 0.00 % 0.00 % yakuake'
b'02:55:47 19827 be/4 root 16.00 K 896.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u16:7-events_unbound]'
b'02:55:47 19074 be/4 root 16.00 K 480.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u16:4-btrfs-endio-write]'
b'02:55:47 19006 be/4 root 16.00 K 1872.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u16:1-events_unbound]'
b'02:55:47 1429 be/4 root 484.00 K 0.00 B 0.00 % 0.00 % accounts-daemon'
b'02:55:47 15820 be/4 valdikss 312.00 K 0.00 B 0.00 % 0.00 % firefox -contentproc -childID 6 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 7894 -prefMapSize 223880 -parentBuildID 20191022164834 -greomni /usr/lib64/firefox/omni.ja -appomni /usr/lib64/firefox/browser/omni.ja -appdir /usr/lib64/firefox/browser 15057 tab'
b'02:55:47 2125 ?dif valdikss 0.00 B 92.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % plasmashell'
b'02:55:47 1268 be/3 root 0.00 B 4.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % auditd'
b'02:55:47 1414 be/4 root 0.00 B 4.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % sssd_nss --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files'
b'02:55:47 15238 be/4 valdikss 0.00 B 4.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % thunderbird'
b'02:55:47 18605 be/4 root 0.00 B 3.19 M 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u16:0-btrfs-endio-write]'
b'02:55:47 18867 be/4 root 0.00 B 96.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u16:5-btrfs-endio-meta]'
b'02:55:47 19070 be/4 root 0.00 B 160.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u16:2-btrfs-freespace-write]'
b'02:55:47 19645 be/4 root 0.00 B 2.17 M 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u16:3-events_unbound]'
b'02:55:47 19982 be/4 root 0.00 B 496.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u16:6-btrfs-endio-write]'Firefox mu oju rẹ, gbigbasilẹ 283 megabyte ni iṣẹju diẹ ti iotop nṣiṣẹ.
Ṣiṣe ipinnu awọn faili lati kọ si
Alaye nipa ilana ti ifipabanilopo disiki naa dara, ṣugbọn awọn ọna ti o gba silẹ paapaa dara julọ.
Jẹ ki a lo eto naa fatrace, eyi ti orin awọn ayipada si awọn faili eto.
# fatrace -f WApeere igbejade eto
firefox(15057): CW /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): CW /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): CW /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/usage-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/usage
firefox(15057): CW /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/usage
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite-wal
firefox(15057): CW /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/https+++habr.com/ls/data.sqlite-journal
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqlite
firefox(15057): W /home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/webappsstore.sqliteFatrace ko le ṣafihan iye data ti o gbasilẹ nitori lilo ipasẹ ti o rọrun kan ti otitọ pe awọn faili wọle nipasẹ inotify.
Lati inu abajade o le rii bii Habr ṣe fipamọ nkan mi ni ibi ipamọ agbegbe ti ẹrọ aṣawakiri lakoko ti Mo nkọwe rẹ, bakanna bi Ifaagun Iyara Iyara Ẹgbẹ, eyiti, bi a ti ni anfani lati ṣe iwari nipa lilo fatrace, ka data rẹ gbogbo 30 aaya. O ka, ko kọ: CW kí fáìlì tó sọ pé fáìlì náà ti ṣí sílẹ̀ fún kíkà àti kíkọ, pẹ̀lú dídá fáìlì náà lẹ́ẹ̀kan náà tí kò bá sí (tí a ń pè ní openat with the O_RDWR|O_CREAT flag), ṣùgbọ́n kò sọ pé lóòótọ́ ni a kọ ìwífún kankan sí fáìlì náà.
Ni ọran, lati rii daju eyi, jẹ ki a lo strace, pẹlu àlẹmọ fun awọn ipe eto faili:
strace -yy -e trace=open,openat,close,write -f -p 15057 2>&1 | grep extensionIjade aṣẹ
[pid 20352] openat(AT_FDCWD, "/home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC, 0644) = 153</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite>
[pid 20352] read(153</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite>, "SQLite format 3 20 22 @ d 23"..., 100) = 100
[pid 20352] read(153</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite>, "SQLite format 3 20 22 @ d 23"..., 4096) = 4096
[pid 20352] openat(AT_FDCWD, "/home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite-wal", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC, 0644) = 166</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite-wal>
…
[pid 20352] read(54</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite>, " r4304364354354364- 4204!4'414" 250 &"..., 4096) = 4096
[pid 20352] read(54</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite>, " 136Pt2262504 O24532016:"16.27 r245306>2461t1q370"..., 4096) = 4096
[pid 20352] close(77</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite-wal>) = 0
[pid 20352] close(54</home/valdikss/.mozilla/firefox/xyf4vqh2.default/storage/default/moz-extension+++e5c304fb-af40-498a-9ba8-47eb0416e933^userContextId=4294967295/idb/3647222921wleabcEoxlt-eengsairo.sqlite>) = 0
Ko si ipe write(), eyi ti o tọkasi pe ko si titẹsi si faili naa.
Ipinnu File System Overhead
Iyatọ nla ni awọn kika iotop и btrace fun mi ni imọran lati ṣe idanwo eto faili nipa kikọ data pẹlu ọwọ si faili kan ati abojuto awọn kika btrace.
Ti o ba yọkuro kikọ patapata si disk nipa gbigbe sinu ipo pajawiri ti eto ati kọ pẹlu ọwọ a tọkọtaya ti awọn baiti data to wa tẹlẹ faili, btrace to SSD lati btrfs igbasilẹ iroyin 3 megabyte gidi data. Eto faili tuntun ti a ṣẹda lori kọnputa filasi 8 GB kọ o kere ju 264 KiB nigbati o nkọ baiti kan.
Fun lafiwe, kikọ awọn baiti meji si faili kan lori ext4 pari kikọ 24 kilobytes ti data si disk.
Ni ọdun 2017, Jayashree Mohan, Rohan Kadekodi ati Vijay Chidambaram , Awọn abajade wọn fun btrfs ati ext4 ni 4KB kọwe ni ibamu pẹlu mi.
Ipari ati ipari
Nipasẹ awọn ifọwọyi ti a ṣalaye o ti ṣe awari:
- Wọle loorekoore ti awọn ipinlẹ iṣẹ itẹwe nipasẹ CUPS tẹjade daemon si /var/kaṣe/ agolo gbogbo iseju. Iṣoro naa jẹ atunṣe nipasẹ piparẹ /var/spool/ agolo (biotilejepe ko si awọn iṣẹ atẹjade);
- Otitọ pe data data ni a ka ni gbogbo iṣẹju-aaya 30 nipasẹ Ifaagun Titẹ kiakia Ẹgbẹ fun Firefox;
- Wọle igbakọọkan nipasẹ awọn iṣẹ ipasẹ iṣẹ lọpọlọpọ ni Fedora, ti o yọrisi ọpọlọpọ awọn megabytes ti data ti a kọ si btrfs: pmcd.service, pmie.service, pmlogger.service;
- Imudara nla nigba kikọ iye kekere ti data nipa lilo awọn btrfs.
Ipari: o yẹ ki o ko lo btrfs ti awọn eto nigbagbogbo kọ iye kekere ti data (awọn kilobytes diẹ), bibẹẹkọ o yoo ja si awọn megabytes ti data kikọ. Eyi jẹ otitọ paapaa fun awọn kọnputa kọnputa kan pẹlu OS lori MicroSD.
orisun: www.habr.com