Windows 10 + Linux. Ṣiṣeto KDE Plasma GUI fun Ubuntu 20.04 ni WSL2. Ririn

Ifihan

Nkan yii jẹ ipinnu fun akiyesi awọn alabojuto eto ti o mura awọn aaye iṣẹ aṣoju lori awọn kọnputa ti n ṣiṣẹ Windows 10, pẹlu awọn olupilẹṣẹ sọfitiwia.

O yẹ ki o ṣe akiyesi pe iṣoro kan wa ti o ni nkan ṣe pẹlu ailagbara ti iṣakojọpọ sọfitiwia ti a gba lati ile itaja ori ayelujara Microsoft itaja fun lilo ninu aṣa Windows 10 aworan. Laisi lilọ sinu awọn alaye, Emi yoo ṣalaye pe iṣoro yii ni ibatan si otitọ pe awọn eto ti a fi sii lati Ile itaja Microsoft ṣe ibasọrọ pẹlu akọọlẹ iṣẹ Alakoso, ati nigbati ẹda aworan aṣa ti pari nipasẹ ohun elo sysprep awọn aṣiṣe waye nitori ipo yii.

Ọna ti a jiroro ninu nkan yii yago fun iṣoro yii nigbati o ngbaradi aworan Windows 10 OS pẹlu eto ipilẹ-tẹlẹ WSL2 ti a ti ṣeto tẹlẹ, bakanna bi ti pese tẹlẹ ati tunto aworan Ubuntu 20.04 OS pẹlu KDE Plasma GUI, eyiti o le ni tirẹ. ṣeto ti aṣa software.

Ọpọlọpọ awọn apẹẹrẹ ati awọn olukọni lo wa lori Intanẹẹti fun eto awọn eto ipilẹ WSL (ie WSL1 ati WSL2 tuntun ti o jọmọ), pẹlu iṣeto ni wiwo GUI kan fun awọn eto OS orisun Linux lati Ubuntu 16.04 si Ubuntu 20.04, ṣugbọn eyi ni pataki awọn tabili itẹwe ti o da lori ipilẹ. lori ohun ti a npe ni. “Iwọn iwuwo fẹẹrẹ” xfce4, eyiti o ni awọn idiwọn oye ninu awọn eto olumulo. Ṣugbọn bi o ti jẹ pe KDE Plasma GUI fun Ubuntu 20.04 jẹ ifiyesi, ko si alaye pupọ ti a rii lori nẹtiwọọki. Ṣugbọn aṣayan yii ni o pese olumulo ipari pẹlu eto ailopin ailopin fun irisi eto mejeeji ati awọn eto ohun elo, nitorinaa, ni akiyesi awọn agbara isọpọ lọwọlọwọ ti awọn eto linux ti a ṣe imuse ni eto-iṣẹ WSL2.

Fifi eto sọfitiwia ti a beere ati atunto WSL2

A ṣayẹwo ẹya ti isiyi ti Windows, fun eyi, ninu ọpa wiwa Windows, tẹ aṣẹ naa sii winver ati pe a gba nkan bii eyi:

O ṣe pataki pe ẹya OS jẹ 1903 tabi 1909 (awọn ẹya OS pato gbọdọ wa pẹlu imudojuiwọn akopọ KB4566116 ti fi sori ẹrọ), tabi 2004 (nọmba kọ ko kere ju 19041), iyokù alaye naa ko ṣe pataki. Ti nọmba ikede ba kere si, o gba ọ niyanju pe ki o ṣe igbesoke si ẹya tuntun ti Windows lati ṣe ẹda awọn abajade ni deede ni nkan yii.

Fun irọrun ti awọn iṣe siwaju, fi sori ẹrọ Terminal Windows ọfẹ ni lilo Ile-itaja Microsoft (o tun ṣee ṣe lati ṣe igbasilẹ lati awọn orisun miiran):

A fi sori ẹrọ X Server X410 nipasẹ itaja Microsoft kanna, sọfitiwia yii san, ṣugbọn akoko ọfẹ wa ti awọn ọjọ 15, eyiti o to fun awọn idanwo pupọ.

Bi yiyan ọfẹ si X410 download ki o si fi olupin VcXsrv X sori ẹrọ.

Ni eyikeyi ibi ti o rọrun lori disiki, a ṣẹda itọsọna kan ninu eyiti a yoo tọju awọn faili wa. Bi apẹẹrẹ, jẹ ki ká ṣẹda a liana C:wsl.

Gbigba lati ayelujara ki o si fi sori ẹrọ Ubuntu 20.04 standalone insitola, ṣii faili ti o yọrisi ni lilo iwe ipamọ (fun apẹẹrẹ, 7-zip). Fun lorukọ mii liana ti a ko ti paadi pẹlu orukọ pipẹ Ubuntu_2004.2020.424.0_x64 sinu nkankan siwaju sii itewogba, bi Ubuntu-20.04 ki o si da a si liana C:wsl (lẹhinna nìkan wsl).

Gbigba lati ayelujara ati unpack sinu kan liana wsl olupin ohun ohun agbelebu PulseAudio v.1.1., a tun ṣe awọn atunṣe si awọn faili iṣeto ni.

Ninu faili wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedefault.pa ni apakan Load audio drivers statically satunkọ ila:

load-module module-waveout sink_name=output source_name=input record=0

ati ni apakan Network access satunkọ ila:

load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1 auth-anonymous=1

Ninu faili wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedaemon.conf uncomment ki o si yi ila

exit-idle-time = -1

A tunto WSL2 subsystem ni ibamu pẹlu iwe aṣẹ Microsoft. Ọrọ kan ṣoṣo ni pe a ti ṣe igbasilẹ pinpin Ubuntu tẹlẹ, ati pe a yoo fi sii ni igbesẹ ti n tẹle. Ni ipilẹ, iṣeto ni isalẹ lati mu awọn paati afikun ṣiṣẹ “Windows Subsystem fun Linux” ati “Platform Machine Foju”, ati lẹhinna atunbere lati lo awọn ayipada si awọn eto kọnputa:

Ti o ba wulo download ati fi idii iṣẹ ekuro Linux sori ẹrọ ni WSL2.
A ṣe ifilọlẹ Terminal Windows ati yan ipo Aṣẹ Tọ nipa titẹ awọn bọtini Ctrl+Shift+2.

Ni akọkọ, a ṣeto ipo iṣẹ WSL2, fun eyi a tẹ aṣẹ naa sii:

wsl  --set-default-version 2

Yi pada si Ubuntu 20.04 standalone bootloader liana, ninu ọran mi eyi ni wslUbuntu-20.04 ati ṣiṣe faili naa ubuntu2004.exe. Nigbati o ba beere fun orukọ olumulo, tẹ orukọ olumulo sii engineer (o le tẹ orukọ miiran sii), tẹ ọrọ igbaniwọle rẹ sii ki o jẹrisi ọrọ igbaniwọle ti a tẹ fun akọọlẹ kan pato:

Itọpa ebute kan han, ekuro Ubuntu 20.04 ti fi sori ẹrọ. Jẹ ki a ṣayẹwo deede ti awọn eto ipo WSL2, fun eyi, ni Terminal Windows, yan taabu Windows PowerShell ki o tẹ aṣẹ naa sii:

wsl -l -v

Abajade ti ipaniyan yẹ ki o jẹ bi eyi:

A tunto Microsoft Defender ogiriina, i.e. pa a kuro fun nẹtiwọọki gbogbogbo:

Ṣiṣeto Ubuntu 20.04

Ninu Terminal Windows, yan taabu Aṣẹ Tọ lẹẹkansi ki o fi awọn imudojuiwọn sori ẹrọ fun Ubuntu 20.04. Lati ṣe eyi, lori laini aṣẹ, tẹ:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade –y

Fi sori ẹrọ KDE Plasma tabili:

sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop -y

fifi sori ẹrọ gba to awọn iṣẹju 30, da lori iṣẹ ṣiṣe ti kọnputa ati bandiwidi ti ikanni iwọle Intanẹẹti, nigbati olupilẹṣẹ ba ṣetan, a jẹrisi OK.
Fi sori ẹrọ agbegbe Russian ati awọn iwe-itumọ Ubuntu 20.04. Lati ṣe eyi, lori laini aṣẹ, tẹ:

sudo apt install language-pack-ru language-pack-kde-ru -y
sudo apt install libreoffice-l10n-ru libreoffice-help-ru -y
sudo apt install hunspell-ru mueller7-dict -y
sudo update-locale LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales # примечание: выбираем ru_RU.UTF-8 UTF-8, см. скриншоты ниже.
sudo apt-get install --reinstall locales

Ṣafikun ẹya tuntun ti tabili Plasma KDE:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y

A ṣafikun eto awọn ohun elo console tiwa, fun apẹẹrẹ mc и neofetch:

sudo apt install mc neofetch -y

A ṣayẹwo ohun to sele, tẹ sinu awọn pipaṣẹ ila neofetch, wo sikirinifoto:

Ṣatunkọ faili atunto WSL /etc/wsl.conf:

sudo nano /etc/wsl.conf

daakọ ọrọ naa sinu ferese olootu ọrọ ofo ti o ṣi:

[automount]
enabled = true
root = /mnt
options = «metadata,umask=22,fmask=11»
mountFsTab = true
[network]
generateHosts = true
generateResolvConf = true
[interop]
enabled = true
appendWindowsPath = true

fipamọ awọn ayipada (Ctrl+O), jẹrisi isẹ naa ki o jade kuro ni olootu ọrọ (Ctrl+X).

Ṣe okeere aworan Ubuntu-20.04 ti a ṣe adani si itọsọna ti a ṣẹda wsl. Lati ṣe eyi, ni Terminal Windows, lẹẹkansi yan taabu Windows PowerShell ki o tẹ aṣẹ naa sii:

wsl --export Ubuntu-20.04 c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop

Aworan ti o ṣẹda yoo ṣe iranlọwọ fun wa lati ṣe adaṣe awọn iṣẹ ifilọlẹ / tunto Ubuntu 20.04 ti a tunto, ti o ba jẹ dandan, yoo gba wa laaye lati gbe ni irọrun si kọnputa miiran.

Ngbaradi awọn faili adan ati awọn ọna abuja si tabili Windows

Lilo Notepad ++ olootu, ṣẹda awọn faili adan (ti o nilo ni fifi koodu OEM-866 fun abajade deede ti awọn ohun kikọ Cyrillic):
Ọna Install-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - ti a ṣe lati ṣe adaṣe fifi sori ẹrọ akọkọ ti aworan ti o ṣẹda ti Ubuntu 20.04 lori kọnputa pẹlu eto ipilẹ WSL2 ti tunto tẹlẹ ati olupin X kan. Ti orukọ olumulo ati ọrọ igbaniwọle ba yatọ si eyiti pato ninu apẹẹrẹ, lẹhinna o nilo lati ṣe awọn ayipada ti o yẹ si faili adan yii:

@echo off
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания установки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно установлен!
echo Не забудьте сменить учетную запись по умолчанию «root» на существующую учетную запись пользователя,
echo либо используйте предустановленную учетную запись «engineer», пароль: «password».
pause

Ọna Reinstall-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - ṣe apẹrẹ lati tun fi aworan ti Ubuntu 20.04 ti a pese sori kọnputa sori kọnputa.

@echo off
wsl --unregister Ubuntu-20.04
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания переустановки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно переустановлен!
pause

Ọna Set-default-user.bat - lati ṣeto olumulo aiyipada.

@echo off
set /p answer=Введите существующую учетную запись в Ubuntu (engineer):
c:wslUbuntu-20.04ubuntu2004.exe config --default-user %answer%
cls
echo Учетная запись пользователя %answer% в Ubuntu-20.04 установлена по умолчанию!
pause

Ọna Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - ifilọlẹ gangan ti tabili Plasma KDE.

@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo  Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo  Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo  строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo  "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "if [ -z "$(pidof plasmashell)" ]; then cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; plasmashell ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ; fi;"
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul

Ọna Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat - ifilọlẹ ebute ayaworan laisi tabili KDE Plasma.

@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo  Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo  Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo  строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo  "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; konsole ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ;"
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul

Paapaa fun irọrun ti lilo ninu katalogi wsl a mura awọn ọna abuja ntokasi si awọn ti o baamu adan-faili. Lẹhinna awọn akoonu ti itọsọna naa wsl dabi eleyi:

Ifilọlẹ KDE Plasma Desktop

A ṣayẹwo pe gbogbo awọn igbesẹ igbaradi ti pari, a gbiyanju lati ṣe ifilọlẹ ọna abuja naa Plasma-desktop. Ibeere ọrọ igbaniwọle kan han, tẹ ọrọ igbaniwọle sii fun akọọlẹ naa ati… window tilekun. O dara ni igba akọkọ. A tun gbiyanju lẹẹkansi - ati pe a rii pẹpẹ iṣẹ ṣiṣe KDE Plasma ti o faramọ. A ṣe akanṣe hihan ti ile-iṣẹ iṣẹ-ṣiṣe, ni apẹẹrẹ, fun irọrun ti lilo, nronu naa ti gbe si apa ọtun ti iboju ati aarin. A ṣayẹwo awọn eto isọdibilẹ, ti o ba jẹ dandan, ṣafikun ede Rọsia:

Ti o ba jẹ dandan, a mu awọn ọna abuja wa fun awọn ohun elo linux ti a fi sori ẹrọ si ile-iṣẹ KDE Plasma.

Ti Ubuntu 20.04 ba nilo ki o jade kuro ni akọọlẹ olumulo rẹ lati le lo awọn ayipada eto, tabi o nilo lati tun OS bẹrẹ, lati ṣe eyi, ni Terminal Windows, tẹ aṣẹ naa sii:

wsl -d Ubuntu20.04 --shutdown

Pẹlu aami kan Plasma-desktop tabi Konsole o le ṣiṣe KDE Plasma Ubuntu 20.04 GUI. Fun apẹẹrẹ, fi sori ẹrọ pẹlu Konsole Olootu eya aworan GIMP:

Lẹhin fifi sori jẹ pari, ṣiṣe lati Konsole Olootu eya aworan GIMP:

GIMP ṣiṣẹ, eyiti o jẹ ohun ti Mo fẹ lati ṣayẹwo.
Ati pe eyi ni bii ọpọlọpọ awọn ohun elo linux ṣe n ṣiṣẹ ni KDE Plasma ni WSL2:

ile-iṣẹ KDE Plasma ti a ṣe adani wa ni apa ọtun ti iboju naa. fidio ti o wa ninu ferese Firefox n ṣiṣẹ pẹlu ohun.

Ti o ba jẹ dandan, o le tunto iwọle si Ubuntu20.04 nipasẹ SSH и RDP, fun eyi o nilo lati fi sori ẹrọ awọn iṣẹ ti o yẹ pẹlu aṣẹ:

sudo apt install ssh xrdp -y

akiyesi: lati jeki ọrọigbaniwọle wiwọle nipa SSH o nilo lati ṣatunkọ faili naa /etc/ssh/sshd_config, eyun paramita PasswordAuthentication no gbọdọ ṣeto si PasswordAuthentication yes, fi awọn ayipada pamọ ki o tun bẹrẹ Ubuntu20.04.

Nigbakugba ti o ba bẹrẹ Ubuntu20.04, adiresi ip inu inu yipada, ṣaaju ṣiṣeto iwọle latọna jijin, o nilo lati ṣayẹwo adiresi ip lọwọlọwọ nipa lilo aṣẹ naa ip a:

Nitorinaa, adiresi IP yii gbọdọ wa ni titẹ si awọn eto igba SSH и RDP ṣaaju ki o to bẹrẹ.
Eyi ni ohun ti wiwọle latọna jijin dabi SSH lilo MobaXterm:

Ati pe eyi ni ohun ti wiwọle latọna jijin dabi RDP:

Lilo x olupin vcxsrv dipo x410

Ifilọlẹ ati iṣeto vcxsrv, farabalẹ ṣeto awọn apoti ayẹwo ti o yẹ:

Nfifipamọ awọn atunto iṣeto ni liana wslvcxsrv pẹlu bošewa orukọ config.xlaunch.

Ṣiṣatunṣe awọn faili adan Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat и Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat gẹgẹ bi ilana wọn.

Ifilọlẹ ọna abuja naa Plasma-desktop, ati pe eyi ni ohun ti a gba:

KDE Plasma tabili tilekun tabili Windows patapata, lati yipada laarin awọn window ti linux ati awọn ohun elo windows a lo apapo bọtini ti a mọ daradara. Alt+Tab, eyi ti ko rọrun pupọ.
Ni afikun, ẹya ti ko dun ti olupin X ti han vcxsrv - o kọlu nigba ifilọlẹ diẹ ninu awọn ohun elo, ni pataki GIMP kanna tabi Onkọwe LibreOffice. Boya a yẹ ki o duro titi awọn olupilẹṣẹ yoo yọ awọn “awọn idun” ti a ṣe akiyesi, ṣugbọn eyi ko daju ... Nitorina, lati gba awọn abajade itẹwọgba, o dara lati lo X Server Microsoft x410.

ipari

Sibẹsibẹ, a gbọdọ san owo-ori fun Microsoft, ọja WSL2 ti jade lati ṣiṣẹ pupọ, ati ninu ero mi ti ko ni iriri, ṣaṣeyọri pupọ. Ati niwọn bi mo ti mọ, awọn olupilẹṣẹ tẹsiwaju lati “pari” ni itara, ati boya - ni ọdun kan tabi meji, eto-ipin yii yoo han ni gbogbo pipe iṣẹ rẹ.

orisun: www.habr.com