Bawo ni gbogbo eniyan. Lori Efa ti awọn ibere ti a titun dajudaju ẹgbẹ A n ṣe atẹjade awọn ohun elo ti o wulo ti ọmọ ile-iwe wa kọ, bakanna bi oludamoran dajudaju, alamọja atilẹyin imọ-ẹrọ fun awọn ọja ile-iṣẹ REG.RU - Roman Travin.
Nkan yii yoo gbero awọn ọran 2 ti rirọpo awọn disiki ati gbigbe alaye si awọn disiki titun ti agbara nla pẹlu imugboroja siwaju ti orun ati eto faili. Ẹjọ akọkọ yoo kan rirọpo ti awọn disiki pẹlu ipin MBR/MBR tabi GPT/GPT kanna, ọran keji jẹ nipa rirọpo awọn disiki pẹlu ipin MBR pẹlu awọn disiki pẹlu agbara ti o ju 2 TB, lori eyiti iwọ yoo nilo lati fi sii. a GPT ipin pẹlu kan biosboot ipin. Ni awọn ọran mejeeji, awọn disiki ti a gbe data naa ti wa tẹlẹ sori olupin naa. Eto faili ti a lo fun ipin root jẹ ext4.
Ọran 1: Rirọpo awọn disiki kekere pẹlu awọn disiki nla (to 2TB)
Iṣẹ kan: Rọpo awọn disiki lọwọlọwọ pẹlu awọn disiki nla (to 2 TB) pẹlu gbigbe alaye. Ni idi eyi, a ni awọn disiki 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) pẹlu eto ti a fi sori ẹrọ ati awọn disiki SATA 2 x 1 TB si eyiti eto nilo lati gbe.
Jẹ ká wo ni ti isiyi disk akọkọ.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Jẹ ki a ṣayẹwo aaye eto faili ti a lo lọwọlọwọ.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,6M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0
Iwọn eto faili ṣaaju ki o to rọpo awọn disiki jẹ 204 GB, 2 md126 sọfitiwia ti lo, eyiti o gbe sinu. /boot и md127, eyi ti o ti lo bi ti ara iwọn didun fun ẹgbẹ VG vg 0.
1. Yiyọ disk ipin lati orun
Ṣiṣayẹwo ipo ti titobi naa
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Eto naa nlo awọn ọna meji: md126 (oke ojuami /boot) - oriširiši ti a apakan /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM fun siwopu ati root ti awọn faili eto) - oriširiši /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
A samisi awọn ipin ti disiki akọkọ ti o lo ninu opo kọọkan bi buburu.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
A yọ awọn ipin ẹrọ dina / dev/sda kuro ninu awọn eto.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2Lẹhin ti a ti yọ disiki kuro lati orun, alaye ẹrọ idinamọ yoo dabi eyi.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Ipo ti awọn akojọpọ lẹhin yiyọ awọn disiki kuro.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>2. Da awọn ipin tabili si titun kan disk
O le ṣayẹwo tabili ipin ti a lo lori disiki pẹlu aṣẹ atẹle.
fdisk -l /dev/sdb | grep 'Disk label type'
Ijade fun MBR yoo jẹ:
Disk label type: dosfun GPT:
Disk label type: gpt
Ndaakọ tabili ipin fun MBR:
sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdcNinu egbe yii akọkọ wakọ ti wa ni itọkasi с ti eyi a daakọ aami-ami, keji - ibi ti daakọ.
IKỌRỌ: Fun GPT akọkọ wakọ ti wa ni itọkasi lori eyiti daakọ siṣamisi keji disk tọkasi disk lati eyiti daakọ siṣamisi. Ti o ba dapọ awọn disiki naa, ipin ti o dara akọkọ yoo jẹ kọ ati parun.
Didaakọ tabili ifilelẹ fun GPT:
sgdisk -R /dev/sdс /dev/sdbNigbamii, fi UUID laileto si disk (fun GPT).
sgdisk -G /dev/sdc
Lẹhin ti pipaṣẹ ti ṣiṣẹ, awọn ipin yẹ ki o han lori disiki naa /dev/sdc.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Ti o ba jẹ pe, lẹhin iṣẹ naa, awọn ipin ninu eto lori disiki naa /dev/sdc ti ko pinnu, lẹhinna a ṣiṣẹ aṣẹ lati tun ka tabili ipin naa.
sfdisk -R /dev/sdcTi awọn disiki lọwọlọwọ lo tabili MBR ati alaye nilo lati gbe lọ si awọn disiki ti o tobi ju TB 2, lẹhinna lori awọn disiki titun iwọ yoo nilo lati ṣẹda pipin GPT pẹlu ọwọ nipa lilo ipin biosboot. A óò jíròrò ẹjọ́ yìí ní Apá 2 nínú àpilẹ̀kọ yìí.
3. Fifi awọn ipin ti titun disk to orun
Jẹ ki a ṣafikun awọn ipin disk si awọn eto ti o baamu.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc2A ṣayẹwo pe awọn apakan ti wa ni afikun.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Lẹhin eyi, a duro fun awọn akojọpọ lati muṣiṣẹpọ.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[==>..................] recovery = 10.6% (24859136/233206784) finish=29.3min speed=118119K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
O le ṣe atẹle nigbagbogbo ilana imuṣiṣẹpọ nipa lilo ohun elo watch.
watch -n 2 cat /proc/mdstat
Apaadi -n pato ni kini awọn aaye arin ni iṣẹju-aaya aṣẹ gbọdọ wa ni ṣiṣe lati ṣayẹwo ilọsiwaju.
Tun awọn igbesẹ 1 - 3 ṣe fun disiki rirọpo atẹle.
A samisi awọn ipin ti disk keji ti o lo ninu opo kọọkan bi buburu.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Yiyọ Àkọsílẹ ẹrọ ipin /dev/sdb lati orun.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2Lẹhin ti a ti yọ disiki kuro lati orun, alaye ẹrọ idinamọ yoo dabi eyi.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Ipo ti awọn akojọpọ lẹhin yiyọ awọn disiki kuro.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Didaakọ tabili ipin MBR lati disiki naa /dev/sdс si disk /dev/sdd.
sfdisk -d /dev/sdс | sfdisk /dev/sdd
Lẹhin ti pipaṣẹ ti ṣiṣẹ, awọn ipin yẹ ki o han lori disiki naa /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part Ṣafikun awọn ipin disk si awọn akojọpọ.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd2A ṣayẹwo pe awọn apakan ti wa ni afikun.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Lẹhin eyi, a duro fun awọn akojọpọ lati muṣiṣẹpọ.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd1[3] sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.5% (1200000/233206784) finish=35.4min speed=109090K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
5. Fifi GRUB sori awọn awakọ tuntun
Fun CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXFun Debian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
nibi ti X - lẹta ti awọn Àkọsílẹ ẹrọ. Ni idi eyi, o nilo lati fi GRUB sori ẹrọ /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
6. Faili eto itẹsiwaju (ext4) ti awọn root ipin
Lori awọn disiki titun /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd 931.5 GB wa. Nitori otitọ pe tabili ipin ti a daakọ lati awọn disiki kekere, awọn ipin /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 222.5 GB wa.
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]O ṣe pataki:
- Faagun ipin 2 lori ọkọọkan awọn disiki naa,
- Faagun orun md127,
- Faagun PV (iwọn ti ara),
- Faagun LV (iwọn-mọgbọnwa) vg0-root,
- Faagun eto faili naa.
Lilo ohun elo pin jẹ ki ká faagun awọn apakan /dev/sdc2 si iye ti o pọju. Ṣiṣe aṣẹ naa parted /dev/sdc (1) ati ki o wo awọn ti isiyi ipin tabili pẹlu awọn pipaṣẹ p (2).
Bii o ti le rii, ipari ti ipin 2 pari ni 240 GB. Jẹ ki a faagun ipin pẹlu aṣẹ resizepart 2, nibiti 2 jẹ nọmba ti apakan (3). A tọkasi iye ni ọna kika oni-nọmba, fun apẹẹrẹ 1000 GB, tabi lo itọkasi ipin disk - 100%. A ṣayẹwo lẹẹkansi pe ipin naa ni iwọn tuntun (4).
Tun awọn igbesẹ loke fun disk /dev/sdd. Lẹhin ti faagun awọn ipin /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 di dogba 930.5 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Lẹhin eyi a faagun titobi naa md127 si o pọju.
mdadm --grow /dev/md127 --size=maxA ṣayẹwo pe titobi ti fẹ sii. Bayi iwọn rẹ ti di 930.4 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Itẹsiwaju itẹsiwaju ti ara iwọn didun. Ṣaaju ki o to faagun, jẹ ki a ṣayẹwo ipo PV lọwọlọwọ.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [222,40 GiB / 0 free]
Total: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in use: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
Bi o ti le ri, PV /dev/md127 nlo 222.4 GB ti aaye.
A faagun PV pẹlu aṣẹ atẹle.
pvresize /dev/md127Ṣiṣayẹwo abajade ti imugboroosi PV.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [930,38 GiB / 707,98 GiB free]
Total: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in use: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]Imugboroosi mogbonwa iwọn didun. Ṣaaju ki o to faagun, jẹ ki a ṣayẹwo ipo LV lọwọlọwọ (1).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<206,41 GiB] inherit
LV /dev/vg0/root nlo 206.41 GB.
A faagun LV pẹlu awọn wọnyi pipaṣẹ (2).
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-rootA ṣayẹwo iṣẹ ti o pari (3).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<914,39 GiB] inherit
Gẹgẹbi o ti le rii, lẹhin ti o pọ si LV, iye aaye disk ti o tẹdo di 914.39 GB.
Iwọn LV ti pọ si (4), ṣugbọn eto faili ṣi wa 204 GB (5).
1. Jẹ ki ká faagun awọn faili eto.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-rootLẹhin ti pipaṣẹ ti ṣiṣẹ, a ṣayẹwo iwọn ti eto faili naa.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,5M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 900G 1,3G 860G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0Iwọn ti eto faili root yoo pọ si 900 GB. Lẹhin ti pari awọn igbesẹ, o le yọ awọn disiki atijọ kuro.
Ọran 2: Rirọpo awọn disiki kekere pẹlu awọn disiki nla (diẹ sii ju 2TB)
Ere idaraya: Rọpo awọn disiki lọwọlọwọ pẹlu awọn disiki nla (2 x 3TB) lakoko ti o tọju alaye naa. Ni idi eyi, a ni awọn disiki 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) pẹlu eto ti a fi sori ẹrọ ati awọn disiki SATA 2 x 3 TB si eyiti eto nilo lati gbe. Awọn disiki lọwọlọwọ lo tabili ipin MBR. Niwọn bi awọn disiki titun ni agbara ti o tobi ju 2 TB, wọn yoo nilo lati lo tabili GPT, nitori MBR ko le ṣiṣẹ pẹlu awọn disiki ti o tobi ju 2 TB.
Jẹ ká wo ni ti isiyi disk akọkọ.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Jẹ ki a ṣayẹwo tabili ipin ti a lo lori disiki naa /dev/sda.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda | grep 'Disk label type'
Disk label type: dos
Lori disk /dev/sdb a iru ipin tabili ti lo. Jẹ ki a ṣayẹwo aaye disk ti a lo lori eto naa.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,5M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Bi o ti le rii, gbongbo eto faili gba 204 GB. Jẹ ki a ṣayẹwo ipo lọwọlọwọ ti sọfitiwia RAID orun.
1. Fifi tabili ipin GPT ati pipin disiki
Jẹ ki a ṣayẹwo ipilẹ disk nipasẹ eka.
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sda print
Модель: ATA KINGSTON SVP200S (scsi)
Диск /dev/sda: 240GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/512B
Таблица разделов: msdos
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Тип Файловая система Флаги
1 1049kB 1076MB 1075MB primary загрузочный, raid
2 1076MB 240GB 239GB primary raid
Lori disiki 3TB tuntun a yoo nilo lati ṣẹda awọn ipin 3:
- Abala
bios_grubIwọn 2MiB fun ibamu GPT BIOS, - Awọn ipin fun awọn RAID orun ti yoo wa ni agesin ni
/boot. - Awọn ipin fun awọn RAID orun lori eyi ti nibẹ ni yio je LV root и LV yipada.
Fifi sori ẹrọ ohun elo pin egbe yum install -y parted (fun CentOS), apt install -y parted (fun Debian/Ubuntu).
Lilo pin Jẹ ki a ṣiṣẹ awọn aṣẹ wọnyi lati pin disk naa.
Ṣiṣe aṣẹ naa parted /dev/sdc ki o si lọ si ipo ṣiṣatunṣe ifilelẹ disk.
Ṣẹda tabili ipin GPT.
(parted) mktable gpt
Ṣẹda apakan 1 bios_grub apakan ati ṣeto asia fun o.
(parted) mkpart primary 1MiB 3MiB
(parted) set 1 bios_grub on
Ṣẹda ipin 2 ati ṣeto asia kan fun. Awọn ipin yoo ṣee lo bi awọn kan Àkọsílẹ fun a RAID orun ati agesin ni /boot.
(parted) mkpart primary ext2 3MiB 1028MiB
(parted) set 2 boot onA ṣẹda abala 3rd kan, eyiti yoo tun ṣee lo bi ohun amorindun ninu eyiti LVM yoo wa.
(parted) mkpart primary 1028MiB 100% Ni idi eyi, ko ṣe pataki lati ṣeto asia, ṣugbọn ti o ba jẹ dandan, o le ṣeto pẹlu aṣẹ atẹle.
(parted) set 3 raid onA ṣayẹwo tabili ti o ṣẹda.
(parted) p
Модель: ATA TOSHIBA DT01ACA3 (scsi)
Диск /dev/sdc: 3001GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/4096B
Таблица разделов: gpt
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Файловая система Имя Флаги
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary bios_grub
2 3146kB 1077MB 1074MB primary загрузочный
3 1077MB 3001GB 3000GB primary
A fi GUID ID tuntun si disiki naa.
sgdisk -G /dev/sdd
2. Yiyọ awọn ipin ti akọkọ disk lati orun
Ṣiṣayẹwo ipo ti titobi naa
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Awọn eto nlo 2 orun: md126 (oke ojuami / bata) - oriširiši /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM fun swap ati root ti awọn faili eto) - oriširiši /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
A samisi awọn ipin ti disiki akọkọ ti o lo ninu opo kọọkan bi buburu.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Yiyọ Àkọsílẹ ẹrọ ipin /dev/sda lati orun.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2
Ṣiṣayẹwo ipo ti titobi lẹhin yiyọ disk kuro.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
3. Fifi awọn ipin ti titun disk to orun
Igbesẹ t’okan ni lati ṣafikun awọn ipin ti disiki tuntun si awọn akojọpọ fun mimuuṣiṣẹpọ. Jẹ ká wo ni isiyi ipinle ti disk akọkọ.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Abala /dev/sdc1 jẹ ẹya bios_grub apakan ati ki o ko lowo ninu awọn ẹda ti orun. Awọn ila yoo lo nikan /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdc3. A ṣafikun awọn apakan wọnyi si awọn eto ti o baamu.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc3Lẹhinna a duro fun titobi lati muṣiṣẹpọ.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc3[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[>....................] recovery = 0.2% (619904/233206784) finish=31.2min speed=123980K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Ifilelẹ disk lẹhin fifi awọn ipin kun si orun.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk 4. Yiyọ awọn ipin ti awọn keji disk lati orun
A samisi awọn ipin ti disk keji ti o lo ninu opo kọọkan bi buburu.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Yiyọ Àkọsílẹ ẹrọ ipin /dev/sda lati orun.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2
5. Daakọ tabili ifilelẹ GPT ki o si muu orun ṣiṣẹpọ
Lati daakọ tabili isamisi GPT a yoo lo ohun elo naa sgdisk, eyiti o wa ninu package fun ṣiṣẹ pẹlu awọn ipin disk ati tabili GPT kan - gdisk.
eto gdisk fun CentOS:
yum install -y gdisk
eto gdisk fun Debian/Ubuntu:
apt install -y gdiskIKỌRỌ: Fun GPT akọkọ wakọ ti wa ni itọkasi lori eyiti daakọ isamisi naa, keji disk tọkasi disk lati eyiti daakọ siṣamisi. Ti o ba dapọ awọn disiki naa, ipin ti o dara akọkọ yoo jẹ kọ ati parun.
Daakọ tabili isamisi GPT.
sgdisk -R /dev/sdd /dev/sdc
Pipin Disk lẹhin gbigbe tabili kan si disk /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part Nigbamii, a ṣafikun ọkọọkan awọn ipin ti o kopa ninu awọn eto RAID sọfitiwia.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd3A n duro de opo lati muṣiṣẹpọ.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd3[3] sdc3[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.0% (148224/233206784) finish=26.2min speed=148224K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Lẹhin didaakọ ipin GPT si disk tuntun keji, ipin naa yoo dabi eyi.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Nigbamii, fi GRUB sori awọn disiki tuntun.
Fifi sori ẹrọ fun CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXFifi sori ẹrọ fun Debian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
nibi ti X - lẹta lẹta, ninu ọran wa awakọ /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
A imudojuiwọn alaye nipa orun.
Fun CentOS:
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose > /etc/mdadm.confFun Debian/Ubuntu:
echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose | awk '/ARRAY/ {print}' >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
Nmu aworan dojuiwọn initrd:
Fun CentOS:
dracut -f -v --regenerate-allFun Debian/Ubuntu:
update-initramfs -u -k allA ṣe imudojuiwọn iṣeto GRUB.
Fun CentOS:
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Fun Debian/Ubuntu:
update-grubLẹhin ti pari awọn igbesẹ, awọn disiki atijọ le yọkuro.
6. Faili eto itẹsiwaju (ext4) ti awọn root ipin
Pipin Disk ṣaaju imugboroja eto faili lẹhin gbigbe ẹrọ si awọn disiki 2 x 3TB (RAID-1).
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Bayi awọn apakan /dev/sdc3 и /dev/sdd3 gbe 2.7 TB. Niwọn igba ti a ṣẹda ipilẹ disiki tuntun pẹlu tabili GPT, iwọn ti ipin 3 ti ṣeto lẹsẹkẹsẹ si aaye disk ti o pọju ti o ṣeeṣe; ninu ọran yii, ko si iwulo lati faagun ipin naa.
O ṣe pataki:
- Faagun orun md126,
- Faagun PV (iwọn ti ara),
- Faagun LV (iwọn-mọgbọnwa) vg0-root,
- Faagun eto faili naa.
1. Faagun orun md126 si o pọju.
mdadm --grow /dev/md126 --size=max
Lẹhin igbogun ti orun md126 iwọn aaye ti o gba ti pọ si 2.7 TB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Imugboroosi ti ara iwọn didun.
Ṣaaju ki o to faagun, ṣayẹwo iye lọwọlọwọ ti aaye ti o tẹdo PV /dev/md126.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- 222,40g 0 A faagun PV pẹlu aṣẹ atẹle.
pvresize /dev/md126
A ṣayẹwo iṣẹ ti o pari.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- <2,73t 2,51tImugboroosi mogbonwa iwọn didun vg0-root.
Lẹhin ti o pọ si PV, jẹ ki a ṣayẹwo VG aaye ti o tẹdo.
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg0 1 2 0 wz--n- <2,73t 2,51tJẹ ki a ṣayẹwo aaye ti o wa nipasẹ LV.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- <206,41g
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00g Iwọn vg0-root gba 206.41 GB.
A faagun LV si aaye disk ti o pọju.
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-root Ṣiṣayẹwo aaye LV lẹhin imugboroja.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- 2,71t
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00gFaagun eto faili (ext4).
Jẹ ki a ṣayẹwo iwọn lọwọlọwọ ti eto faili naa.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,4G 192G 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Awọn iwọn didun / dev / mapper / vg0-root pa 204 GB lẹhin LV imugboroosi.
Faagun eto faili naa.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-root
Ṣiṣayẹwo iwọn ti eto faili lẹhin ti o pọ si.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 2,7T 1,4G 2,6T 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0
Iwọn eto faili ti pọ si lati bo gbogbo iwọn didun.
orisun: www.habr.com