Ukuqaliswa okuyisethenjwa komsebenzi we-cryptographic hash BLAKE3 1.0 kukhishwe, okuphawuleka ngokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kakhulu kokubala kwe-hashi kuyilapho kuqinisekiswa ukwethembeka ezingeni le-SHA-3. Ekuhlolweni kokukhiqizwa kwe-hashi kwefayela elingu-16 KB, i-BLAKE3 enokhiye ongu-256-bit idlula u-SHA3-256 izikhathi ezingu-17, SHA-256 izikhathi ezingu-14, SHA-512 izikhathi ezingu-9, SHA-1 by 6 times, kanye ne-BLAKE2b - 5 izikhathi. Igebe elibalulekile lisala lapho kusetshenzwa amanani amakhulu kakhulu edatha, isibonelo, i-BLAKE3 ivele yashesha izikhathi ezingu-256 kune-SHA-8 lapho ibala i-hashi engu-1GB yedatha engahleliwe. Ikhodi yokusebenzisa ireferensi ye-BLAKE3 iyatholakala kuzinguqulo ze-C ne-Rust ngaphansi kwesizinda somphakathi esikabili (CC0) kanye nelayisensi ye-Apache 2.0.
Umsebenzi we-hashi uklanyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjengokuhlola ubuqotho befayela, ukufakazela ubuqiniso bomlayezo, kanye nokukhiqiza idatha yamasiginesha edijithali ye-cryptographic. I-BLAKE3 ayihloselwe ukusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo we-hashing, njengoba ihlose ukubala ama-hashes ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka (kumaphasiwedi, kuyanconywa ukusebenzisa imisebenzi ye-hashi ehamba kancane ethi yescrypt, bcrypt, scrypt noma Argon2). Umsebenzi we-hashi ocatshangelwayo awuzweli usayizi wedatha ye-hashi futhi uvikelekile ekuhlaselweni kokukhethwa kokushayisana nokutholwa kwesithombe sangaphambilini.
I-algorithm yasungulwa ngochwepheshe abaziwayo be-cryptography (u-Jack O'Connor, uJean-Philippe Aumasson, uSamuel Neves, u-Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn) futhi iqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa kwe-algorithm ye-BLAKE2 futhi isebenzisa indlela ye-Bao ukufaka ikhodi ye-block chain tree. . Ngokungafani ne-BLAKE2 (BLAKE2b, BLAKE2s), i-BLAKE3 inikeza i-algorithm eyodwa yazo zonke izinkundla, ezingaboshelwe ekujuleni kancane kanye nosayizi we-hashi.
Ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kufinyelelwe ngokunciphisa inani lemizuliswano ukusuka ku-10 kuye ku-7 kanye namabhulokhi e-hashing ngokuhlukana kuzingcezu ezingu-1 KB. Ngokusho kwabadali, bathole ubufakazi obuqinisekisayo bezibalo bokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uphumelele ngemijikelezo engu-7 esikhundleni se-10 ngenkathi ugcina izinga elifanayo lokuthembeka (ukuze kucace, singanikeza isibonelo ngokuxuba izithelo ku-mixer - ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-7. isithelo sesivele sixubene ngokuphelele, futhi imizuzwana engu-3 eyengeziwe ngeke ithinte ukuvumelana kwengxube). Kodwa-ke, abanye abacwaningi bazwakalisa ukungabaza, bekholelwa ukuthi ngisho noma imijikelezo engu-7 okwamanje yanele ukulwa nakho konke ukuhlaselwa okwaziwayo kuma-hashes, khona-ke imijikelezo engu-3 eyengeziwe ingase ibe usizo uma ukuhlaselwa okusha kukhonjwa esikhathini esizayo.
Ngokuqondene nokuhlukaniswa ngamabhulokhi, ku-BLAKE3 ukusakaza kuhlukaniswe izingcezu ezingu-1 KB futhi ucezu ngalunye lusheshiswa ngokuzimela. Ngokusekelwe kuma-hashe wezingcezu, kwakhiwa i-hashi eyodwa enkulu ngokusekelwe esihlahleni se-Merkle kanambambili. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusivumela ukuthi sixazulule inkinga yokuqhathanisa ukucutshungulwa kwedatha lapho sibala ama-hashes - isibonelo, ungasebenzisa imiyalelo ye-SIMD enemicu emi-4 ukuze ngesikhathi esisodwa ubale ama-hashe wamabhulokhi angu-4. Imisebenzi ye-SHA-* ye-hash evamile icubungula idatha ngokulandelana.
Izici ze-BLAKE3:
- Ukusebenza okuphezulu, i-BLAKE3 ishesha kakhulu kune-MD5, SHA-1, SHA-2, SHA-3 ne-BLAKE2.
- Ukuphepha, okuhlanganisa ukumelana nokuhlaselwa kokwelulwa komlayezo lapho i-SHA-2 ithinteka khona;
- Itholakala ku-Rust, ithuthukiselwe i-SSE2, SSE4.1, AVX2, AVX-512, kanye nemiyalo ye-NEON.
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwezibalo kunoma iyiphi inombolo yochungechunge namashaneli e-SIMD.
- Amathuba okuthuthukiswa okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokucubungula okuqinisekisiwe kwemifudlana;
- Sebenzisa kumamodi we-PRF, MAC, KDF, XOF nanjengehashi evamile;
- I-algorithm eyodwa yazo zonke izakhiwo, ishesha kuwo womabili amasistimu we-x86-64 kanye nama-32-bit ARM processors.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-BLAKE3 ne-BLAKE2:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo sesihlahla kanambambili esivumela ukufana okungenamkhawulo ekubalweni kwe-hashi.
- Ukunciphisa inani lemijikelezo ukusuka ku-10 kuye ku-7.
- Izindlela ezintathu zokusebenza: i-hashing, i-hashing ngokhiye (HMAC) kanye nokukhiqiza ukhiye (KDF).
- Ayikho i-overhead eyengeziwe lapho i-hashing ngokhiye ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwendawo ebikade ihlalwa yi-block parameters key.
- Indlela yokusebenza eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ngendlela yomsebenzi onomphumela onwetshiwe (i-XOF, Umsebenzi Wokukhipha Okunwebekayo), ovumela ukufana nokubeka (ukufuna).
Source: opennet.ru