Ukwengeza i-WDS Versatility

Sawubona, zakhamuzi ezithandekayo zaseHabra!

Inhloso yalesi sihloko ukubhala umbono omfishane wamathuba okuthumela amasistimu ahlukahlukene nge-WDS (Izinkonzo Zokuthunyelwa KweWindows)
Lesi sihloko sizonikeza imiyalelo emifushane yokusebenzisa Windows 7 x64, Windows XP x86, Ubuntu x64 kanye nokungeza amathuluzi awusizo ekuqaliseni inethiwekhi njenge-Memtest ne-Gparted.
Indaba izoxoxwa ngokulandelana kwemibono ezofika engqondweni yami. Futhi konke kwaqala ngeMicrosoft ...

Futhi manje indaba ngokwayo:
Esikhathini esingeside esidlule, ngiqhamuke nomqondo ophusile wokusebenzisa amasistimu emsebenzini kusetshenziswa i-WDS. Uma othile esenzela umsebenzi, kuhle. Futhi uma ngesikhathi esifanayo sifunda okuthile okusha, kumnandi kabili. Ngeke ngihlale ngemininingwane eminingi encazelweni yokufaka indima ye-WDS - iMicrosoft ibilisa yonke into kuze kufike ku-Next-Next-Next futhi kunezintaba zezindatshana kulesi sihloko. Futhi ngizokutshela kafushane ngokusebenza ngezithombe zeWindows, ngigxile kulezo zikhathi ezangibangela ubunzima. Amasistimu okungewona awe-Microsoft azochazwa ngokuningiliziwe (okwaqalwa ngawo indatshana).
Ake siqale.
Iseva ezosebenza njengesitoreji sesithombe nomxhumanisi wesenzo ine-Windows Server 2008 R2 ebhodini. Ukuze le sevisi isebenze kahle, izindima ezifana ne-DHCP ne-DNS ziyadingeka. Yebo, i-AD ingeyokufaka imishini esizindeni. (Zonke lezi zindima akudingekile ukuthi zigcinwe emshinini owodwa; zingasatshalaliswa kuso sonke isakhiwo. Okubalulekile ukuthi zisebenza ngendlela efanele)

1. Ukusetha i-WDS

Sengeza izindima ezidingekayo bese singena ngokushesha kukhonsoli ye-WDS, siqalise iseva yethu futhi sibone okulandelayo:

• Faka Izithombe - ukufakwa izithombe. Amasistimu enziwe ngendlela oyifisayo, amahle esizowakhipha. Ukuze kube lula, ungangeza amaqembu amaningana ngohlobo lwesistimu: Windows 7, XP noma ngohlobo lomsebenzi - Umnyango we-IT, Umnyango Weklayenti, Amaseva.
• Boot Izithombe - ilayisha izithombe. Yini elayishwa emshinini kuqala futhi ikuvumela ukuthi wenze zonke izinhlobo zezenzo ngayo. Isithombe sokuqala kakhulu esiya lapho yileso esikudiski yokufaka (ye-Windows 7 lena ifolda yemithombo kanye namafayela e-install.wim noma e-boot.wim.
  Kodwa-ke ungenza zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezithakazelisayo kuzo:
  • Thatha isithombe noma ukuqopha isithombe - Ithuluzi lethu eliyinhloko likuvumela ukuthi wenze ikhophi yesistimu emisiwe, eyayicutshungulwe ngaphambilini yi-sysprep futhi iyisifanekiso sethu.
  • Isithombe Sokuthola — ikuvumela ukuthi ulayishe izithombe zamasistimu amisiwe kumakhompyutha angakusekeli ukuqala kwenethiwekhi.

• Amadivayisi Alindile - Amadivayisi alinde ukugunyazwa komlawuli ukuze afakwe. Sifuna ukwazi ukuthi ubani ofaka i-charm yethu kukhompuyutha yakhe.
• Multicast Transmissions - ukuthumela i-multicast. Isetshenziselwa ukufaka isithombe esisodwa enanini elikhulu lamaklayenti.
• abashayeli - abashayeli. Basiza ukwengeza abashayeli abadingekayo ezithombeni ezikuseva futhi bagweme lezi zinhlobo zamaphutha:
  
  Ngemva kokungeza abashayeli kuseva ye-WDS, kufanele bangezwe esithombeni esidingekayo sokuqalisa.

Yebo, futhi enye into - udinga ukwenza ama-bootloader akho kanye nezifaki zokujula kwebhithi yesistimu ngayinye. Izinhlobonhlobo e-zoo ziza ngentengo.
Eqinisweni, i-WDS yethu isivele isilungile. Singakwazi ukuqala phezu kwenethiwekhi emshinini futhi sibone iwindi lokukhetha ngezithombe zethu zokuqalisa.
Ngeke ngichaze zonke izigaba zokulungiselela isithombe esifanele, kodwa ngizovele ngishiye isixhumanisi esihlokweni engisisebenzise mina ngokwami: Izinhlobo zeWindows 7 (Ngesizathu esithile ngibe nenguqulo endala ye-WAIK efakiwe - 6.1.7100.0, kwakungenakwenzeka ukudala ifayela lempendulo le-Windows 7 SP1 kuyo. Ngidinga eyakamuva okwamanje - 6.1.7600.16385)
Futhi lapha namanje imiyalelo yokulungiselela iWindows XP ye-WDS. Ngeke futhi sibhale ngokuningiliziwe - izinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu ziyingxenye yesibili!

2. I-bootloader ye-Universal

Kuhle ukuthi manje sesinohlelo olunjalo. Ukuyisebenzisa kuyajabulisa. Kodwa ingabe ikhona indlela yokwenza ukuphila kwakho kube lula nakakhulu?
Ngifuna ukufaka i-Linux ngayo!
Okokuqala, njengoba abaningi benu bekhumbula, ukufaka iWindows no-Ubuntu ngokuhambisana akupheli nganoma yini enhle ku-Windows bootloader. Ithathelwa indawo i-GRUB yendawo yonke.
Kuyafana lapha. Sidinga i-bootloader yendawo yonke, hlangabezana nalokhu I-PXELINUX
1) Landa inguqulo yakamuva (ngesikhathi sokubhala lokhu 5.01
Sinentshisekelo kulawa mafayela:
i-corepxelinux.0
com32menuvesamenu.c32 (ungathatha imenyu.c32 ukuze uthole isixhumi esibonakalayo sombhalo lapho ulayisha)
com32chainchain.c32
Wonke amamanuwali okusebenzisa le bootloader athi yonke into isebenza ngalezi zintathu. Bekumele ngengeze okuthi ldlinux.c32, libcom.c32 kanye ne-libutil_com.c32. Ungakwenza lokhu - kopisha okunconyiwe futhi uyisebenzise. Iliphi ifayela elizokhononda ngalo - likopishele kufolda.
Sidinga futhi ifayela le-memdisk ukuze silande i-iso. Siphinde sikufake kule folda
2) Zibeke kufolda lapho ugcina khona zonke izithombe ze-WDS. Okungukuthi lapha - RemoteInstallBootx64 (sizofaka kuphela 64, ngoba 86 sibeka amafayela afanayo kuleyo folda futhi.)
3) Qamba kabusha i-pxelinux.0 ku-pxelinux.com
4) Masidale ifolda pxelinux.cfg kufayela lokumisa, ifayela ngokwalo (eselivele lingaphakathi kwale folda, kunjalo) liyazenzakalela (ngaphandle kwesandiso!) ngokuqukethwe okulandelayo:

I-DEFAULT vesamenu.c32
I-PROMPT 0
I-NOESCAPE 0
IZIVIVINYO 0
# Isikhathi sokuvala ngamayunithi we-1/10 s
ISIKHATHI 300
I-MENU MARGIN 10
IMENU IMIGQA 16
MENU TABMSGROW 21
ISIKHATHI SEMENU 26
IMENU COLOR BORDER 30;44 #20ffffff #00000000 none
IMENU COLOR SCROLLBAR 30;44 #20ffffff #00000000 none
UMBALA WEMENU ISIHLOKO 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
UMBALA WEMENU SEL 30;47 #40000000 #20ffffff
IMVELAPHI YEMENU pxelinux.cfg/picture.jpg #isithombe 640×480 sengemuva
IMENU TITLE Khetha ikusasa lakho!

LABEL wds
I-MENU LABEL Amasevisi Okuthunyelwa KweWindows (7, XP, Boot images)
KERNEL pxeboot.0

LABEL yendawo
UKUZENZAKALELA KWEMENU
MENU LABEL Qalisa ku-Harddisk
I-LOCALBOOT 0
Thayipha 0x80

5) Yenza ikhophi yefayela pxeboot.n12 futhi uyibize pxeboot.0
I-6) Ngemuva kwalokhu, sidinga ukufundisa i-WDS yethu ukuqala ku-bootloader yendawo yonke. Ngo-2008 lokhu kwenziwa nge-GUI, ngo-2008 u-R2 - ngomugqa womyalo. Vula bese ufaka:

• wdsutil /set-server/bootprogram:bootx64pxelinux.com/architecture:x64
• wdsutil /set-server /N12bootprogram:bootx64pxelinux.com /architecture:x64

Okukhiphayo komugqa womyalo:

Yilokho kuphela, siqala phansi futhi sibone isikrini esifiselekayo:

Lokhu ukucushwa okuyisisekelo, ungakwazi ukukulungisa ukuze kuhambisane nezidingo zakho (ilogo yenkampani, i-boot order, njll. Okwamanje, ingadlulisela kuphela ukulawula ku-WDS futhi iqale ku-hard drive futhi. Masiyifundise ukuqalisa Ubuntu!

3. Ukufundisa ukhozi ukundiza

Sasidingani lapho? Ubuntu, Gparted? Ake sengeze i-memtest ngesilinganiso esihle.
Ake siqale ngokulula kakhulu:
I-Memtest
Ake sakhe ifolda ehlukile yamafayela e-Linux kufolda ye-Boot/x64 WDS, isibonelo i-Distr. Futhi amafolda angaphansi kuwo amasistimu ethu afanele:

Landa iso mtmtest bese wengeza imigqa elandelayo kusilungiselelo sethu sokulanda (ifayela elizenzakalelayo):

ilebula i-MemTest
ilebula yemenyu i-MemTest86+
I-Kernel memdisk iso eluhlaza
initrd Linux/mt420.iso

Ngalokhu sizolayisha isithombe sethu esincane enkumbulweni bese sisethula ukusuka lapho. Ngeshwa, lokhu akuzange kungisebenzele ngezithombe ezinkulu.

Ihlukaniswe
Landa inguqulo yakamuva, khipha isithombe se-iso futhi uthathe amafayela amathathu - /live/vmlinuz, /live/initrd.img kanye /live/filesystem.squashfs
Ayini lawa mafayela? (Ngingahle ngibe nephutha ekubhalweni kwamagama, ngicela ngomusa abafundi bangilungise uma nginephutha)

• i-vmlinuz (i-vmlinux evame ukubonakala) - ifayela le-kernel elicindezelwe
• initrd.img - isithombe sesistimu yefayela lezimpande (ubuncane obudingekayo ukuze kuqaliswe)
• filesystem.squashfs - amafayela ngokwawo asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza

Sibeka amafayela amabili okuqala kufolda yokulanda (kwami ​​i-Bootx64DistrGparted) kanti eyesithathu kuseva ye-IIS (ngenhlanhla isivele ifakwe i-WSUS).
Ukwehla kwamazwi - ngeshwa, iqhinga lokulayisha isithombe se-iso ku-memdisk enokusabalalisa okukhulu alizange lingisebenzele. Uma ngokuzumayo wazi imfihlo yempumelelo, lokhu kuzoba yisixazululo esihle kakhulu esizokuvumela ukuthi uqalise ngokushesha noma yiluphi uhlelo kusuka kumfanekiso we-iso.
Engeza ifayelasystem.squashfs ku-IIS ukuze ifundwe kunethiwekhi (ungakhohlwa ukwengeza umaka we-MIME walesi sandiso.

Manje sengeza okungenayo ku-pxelinux.cfg/default yethu:

LABEL GParted Live
MENU LABEL GParted Live
I-KERNEL Distr/Gparted/vmlinuz
NGEKEZA initrd=Distr/Gparted/initrg.img boot=live config union=aufs noswap nopromt vga=788 fetch=http://192.168.10.10/Distr/Gparted/filesystem.squashfs

Ake sihlole - kuyasebenza!
Ubuntu 12.04
Ngingeze izinketho ezimbili zokufaka okungenzeka - okuzenzakalelayo ngokuphelele (ngibonga umsebenzisi Malamut ngoba indatshana futhi kumodi yezandla)
Landa ifayela ngokunye ukufakwa bese udabula amafayela amabili lapho (njengangaphambili) - initrd.gz ne-linux bese uwabeka ku-Distr/Ubuntu
Engeza imigqa ku-pxelinux.cfg/default yethu
ukufakwa mathupha ngokuphelele

LABEL Ubuntu
KERNEL Distr/Ubuntu/linux
NGEZELA okubalulekile=low vga=normal initrd=Distr/Ubuntu/initrd.gz

Kodwa ngokufaka okuzenzakalelayo udinga ifayela elinezilungiselelo zokuphendula (ungafunda lapha) futhi sizoyibeka kuseva yethu yewebhu. Ulayini wami we-bootloader ubukeka kanje:

LABEL Ubuntu Auto Install
KERNEL Distr/Ubuntu/linux
NGEKEZA initrd=Distr/Ubuntu/initrd.gz ksdevice=eth0 locale=ru_RU.UTF-8 console-setup/layoutcode=ru url=http://192.168.10.10/Distr/Ubuntu/preseed.txt

Iwusizo esikhathini esizayo
Ngenkathi ngibheka indaba ngesihloko futhi ngifuna izimpendulo zemibuzo yami, ngathola isihloko esihle kusukela Alexander_Erofeev ngencazelo yokulanda i-Kaspersky Rescue Disk kunethiwekhi. Ngeshwa, ayizange isuke kimi. Kodwa ithuluzi liwusizo ngempela (cha, cha, abasebenzisi abashisekayo ikakhulukazi bazobamba into enjalo ... Kuyasiza ukuba nethuluzi elinjalo eduze)

isiphetho

Lesi sihloko sichaza amakhono indima ye-Microsoft WDS ekunikeza wona. Lapho ngiqala lesi sihloko, izinhlelo zazinkulu: i-HOWTO enemininingwane mayelana nazo zonke izici zokulayisha izinhlelo ezivezwe ngenhla ... Kodwa lapho izinto ziqala ukuqoqwa kuphela ku-WDS ngokwayo, intambo yokulandisa yangiholela ekujuleni okungekho muntu. engase ihlangane, mhlawumbe ... Ngakho-ke kwanqunywa ukwabelana ngesifinyezo esifushane salokho okungenzeka futhi, uma kungenzeka, izixhumanisi ezihlokweni ezinhle. Uma abafundi benentshisekelo yokufunda, noma ngokuzumayo ngifuna udumo nemali ukuze ngigcwalise ingcebo kaHabrahabr ngezindatshana, ngingangena emininingwaneni eyengeziwe esigabeni ngasinye sokusetha iseva ye-WDS enezinjongo eziningi.
Ngithanda ukubonga futhi ababhali Alexander_Erofeev и Malamut ngezinto zabo, ezizothakazelisa wonke umuntu ngaphandle kokukhetha.
Ngokwemvelo, bekuvele kunezindatshana ezikhuluma ngo-Habré ngesihloko esifanayo, ngazama ukugqamisa udaba ngombono ohlukile noma ngiwungezelele: Kanye и ezimbili, kodwa azishicilelwanga
Ngiyabonga ngokunaka kwakho.
Udumo kumarobhothi!

Source: www.habr.com