Namuhla sizobheka ukusebenza kwe-Layer 2 EtherChannel yokuhlanganisa iphrothokholi yesendlalelo sesi-2 semodeli ye-OSI. Le nqubo yomthetho ayihlukile kakhulu kunephrothokholi Yesendlalelo 3, kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi singene ku-Layer 3 EtherChannel, ngidinga ukwethula imiqondo embalwa ukuze sifinyelele ku-Layer 1.5 kamuva. Siyaqhubeka nokulandela ishejuli yesifundo se-CCNA, ngakho namuhla sizofaka isigaba 2, Ukumisa, Ukuhlola, kanye Nesendlalelo sokuxazulula izinkinga 3/1.5 EtherChannel, kanye nezigatshana 1.5a, Static EtherChannel, 1.5b, PAGP, kanye ne-XNUMXc, IEEE -LACP Open Standard.
Ngaphambi kokuthi siqhubekele phambili, kufanele siqonde ukuthi iyini i-EtherChannel. Ake sicabange ukuthi sinokushintsha u-A futhi sishintshe u-B sixhunywe ngokuphindaphindiwe ngemigqa emithathu yokuxhumana. Uma usebenzisa i-STP, imigqa emibili eyengeziwe izovinjelwa ngokunengqondo ukuvimbela amaluphu.
Ake sithi sinezimbobo ze-FastEthernet ezihlinzeka ngethrafikhi engu-100 Mbps, ngakho-ke isamba sokuphuma singu-3 x 100 = 300 Mbps. Sishiya isiteshi esisodwa kuphela sokuxhumana, ngenxa yokuthi sizokwehla ku-100 Mbit / s, okungukuthi, kulokhu, i-STP izoba yimbi kakhulu izici zenethiwekhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziteshi ezi-2 ezengeziwe zizoba yize.
Ukuvimbela lokhu, i-KALPANA, inkampani eyakha ama-switch e-Cisco Catalist futhi kamuva yathengwa yi-Cisco, yakha ubuchwepheshe obubizwa ngokuthi i-EtherChannel ngawo-1990.
Esimweni sethu, lobu buchwepheshe buguqula iziteshi ezintathu zokuxhumana ezihlukene zibe isiteshi esisodwa esinengqondo esinamandla angu-300 Mbit / s.
Imodi yokuqala yobuchwepheshe be-EtherChannel iyimanuwali, noma imodi emile. Kulesi simo, ukushintshwa ngeke kwenze lutho ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo zokudlulisa, kuncike ekutheni zonke izilungiselelo zemanuwali zemingcele yokusebenza zenziwe ngendlela efanele. Isiteshi simane sivule futhi sisebenze, sithembela ngokuphelele izilungiselelo zomphathi wenethiwekhi.
Imodi yesibili iyiphrothokholi yokuhlanganisa yokuhlanganisa ye-Cisco PAGP, eyesithathu iyiphrothokholi ye-IEEE ejwayelekile yokuhlanganisa isixhumanisi se-LACP.
Ukuze lezi zindlela zisebenze, i-EtherChannel kufanele yenziwe itholakale. Inguqulo emile yale phrothokholi kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa: udinga ukuya kuzilungiselelo zokushintshana bese ufaka umyalo wemodi yeqembu 1.
Uma sine-switch A enezixhumanisi ezimbili ze-f0/1 ne-f0/2, kufanele singene kuzilungiselelo zechweba ngalinye bese sifaka lo myalo, futhi inombolo yeqembu le-EtherChannel interface ingaba nenani ukusuka ku-1 kuya ku-6, into eyinhloko ukuthi leli nani liyafana kuzo zonke izimbobo zeswishi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbobo kufanele zisebenze ngezindlela ezifanayo: kokubili kumodi yokufinyelela noma kokubili kumodi ye-trunk futhi zibe ne-VLAN yomdabu efanayo noma i-VLAN evunyelwe.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-EtherChannel kuzosebenza kuphela uma iqembu lamashaneli liqukethe izixhumanisi ezilungiselelwe ngokufanayo.
Masixhumanise iswishi A nemigqa yokuxhumana emibili ukuze sishintshe u-B, nayo enezindawo ezimbili zokuhlangana u-f0/1 no-f0/2. Lezi zixhumanisi zakha iqembu labo. Ungazilungiselela ukuthi zisebenze ku-EtherChannel usebenzisa umyalo ofanayo, futhi inombolo yeqembu ayinandaba, njengoba itholakala kusishintshi sasendaweni. Ungaqoka leli qembu njengenombolo 1, futhi konke kuzosebenza. Kodwa-ke, khumbula - ukuze zombili iziteshi zisebenze ngaphandle kwezinkinga, zonke izixhumanisi kufanele zimiswe ngendlela efanayo, kumodi efanayo - ukufinyelela noma i-trunk. Ngemva kokuthi ungene kuzilungiselelo zazo zombili izixhumi ezibonakalayo zeswishi A no-B futhi ufake imodi yeqembu-1 ngomyalo, ukuhlanganiswa kweziteshi ze-EtherChannel kuzoqedwa.
Kokubili ukuxhumana okubonakalayo kweswishi ngayinye kuzosebenza njengesixhumi esibonakalayo esisodwa esinengqondo. Uma sibheka imingcele ye-STP, sizobona ukuthi inkinobho A izobonisa isikhombimsebenzisi esisodwa esivamile, esiqoqwe kusuka kumachweba amabili angokwenyama.
Masiqhubekele ku-PAGP, iphrothokholi yokuhlanganisa imbobo eyakhiwe yi-Cisco.
Ake sicabange ngesithombe esifanayo - amaswishi amabili A no-B, ngalinye linezindawo zokuhlangana u-f0/1 no-f0/2, ezixhunywe imigqa emibili yokuxhumana. Ukuze unike amandla i-PAGP, sebenzisa imodi yeqembu elingu-1 lomyalo ofanayo namapharamitha . Kumodi emile yemanuwali, umane ufake imodi yeqembu-1 ngomyalo kuzo zonke izixhumi ezibonakalayo, futhi ukuhlanganisa kuqala ukusebenza lapha udinga ukucacisa ipharamitha efiselekayo noma ezenzakalelayo. Uma ufaka umyalo wemodi yeqembu 1 ngophawu ?
Uma ufaka umyalo ofiselekayo wemodi yeqembu 1 efanayo kuzo zombili iziphetho zolayini wokuxhumana, imodi ye-EtherChannel izovulwa. Kuzokwenzeka okufanayo uma ekugcineni kwesiteshi izixhumanisi zilungiswa ngomyalo ofiselekayo wemodi yeqembu 1, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi ngomyalo we-auto we-channel-group 1.
Kodwa-ke, uma ukuxhumana emikhawulweni yomibili yezixhumanisi kulungiselelwe ukuthi kube ngokuzenzakalela ngomyalo ozenzakalelayo wemodi yeqembu 1, ukuhlanganisa izixhumanisi ngeke kwenzeke. Ngakho-ke, khumbula - uma ufuna ukusebenzisa i-EtherChannel phezu kwephrothokholi ye-PAGP, ukuxhumana okungenani kweqembu elilodwa kufanele kube sesimweni esifiselekayo.
Lapho usebenzisa umthetho olandelwayo we-LACP ovulekile wokuhlanganisa isiteshi, kusetshenziswa umyalo ofanayo wemodi yeqembu le-1 onemingcele. .
Izinhlanganisela ezingenzeka zezilungiselelo ezinhlangothini zombili zamashaneli zimi kanje: uma izixhumanisi zilungiselelwe kumodi esebenzayo noma uhlangothi olulodwa ukuze lusebenze futhi olunye lube yi-passive, imodi ye-EtherChannel izosebenza; ukuhlanganisa ngeke kwenzeke. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuze kuhlelwe ukuhlanganisa iziteshi kusetshenziswa iphrothokholi ye-LACP, okungenani iqembu elilodwa lama-interface kufanele libe sesimweni esisebenzayo.
Ake sizame ukuphendula umbuzo: uma sinamaswishi A no-B axhunywe imigqa yokuxhumana, futhi izixhumanisi zokushintshwa okukodwa zisesimweni esisebenzayo, kanti enye isesimweni esizenzakalelayo noma esifiselekayo, ingabe i-EtherChannel izosebenza?
Cha, ngeke, ngoba inethiwekhi kufanele isebenzise isimiso esifanayo - i-PAGP noma i-LACP, njengoba ingahambisani.
Ake sibheke imiyalo embalwa esetshenziselwa ukuhlela i-EtherChannel. Okokuqala, udinga ukwabela inombolo yeqembu, kungaba noma yini. Ngomyalo wokuqala wesiteshi-imodi yeqembu 1, ungakhetha amapharamitha angu-5 njengokukhethwa kukho: kuvuliwe, okufiselekayo, okuzenzakalelayo, okwenziwayo noma okusebenzayo.
Emiyalweni engaphansi yokusebenzelana sisebenzisa igama elingukhiye leqembu lesiteshi, kodwa uma, ngokwesibonelo, ufuna ukucacisa ukulinganisa komthwalo, igama elithi port-channel liyasetshenziswa. Ake sibheke ukuthi kuyini ukulinganisa komthwalo.
Ake sithi sishintshe u-A ngezimbobo ezimbili, ezixhunywe ezimbobeni ezihambisanayo zokushintsha B. Amakhompuyutha amathathu axhunywe ukushintsha u-B - 3, futhi ikhompuyutha eyodwa No. 1,2,3 ixhunywe ukushintsha u-A.
Uma ithrafikhi isuka kukhompyutha #4 iye kukhompyutha #1, shintsha u-A uzoqala ukudlulisa amaphakethe kuzo zombili izixhumanisi. Indlela yokulinganisa umthwalo isebenzisa i-hashing yekheli le-MAC lomthumeli ukuze yonke ithrafikhi evela kukhompuyutha yesine igeleze ngesixhumanisi esisodwa kwezimbili. Uma sixhuma ikhompuyutha No. 5 ukuze sishintshe u-A, ngenxa yokulinganisa ukulayisha, ithrafikhi yale khompyutha izohamba kuphela ngomugqa owodwa, ophansi wokuxhumana.
Nokho, lesi akusona isimo esivamile. Ake sithi sine-inthanethi yefu kanye nedivayisi okuxhunywe kuyo u-A onamakhompyutha amathathu. Ithrafikhi ye-inthanethi izoqondiswa ekushintsheni ngekheli le-MAC lale divayisi, okungukuthi, nekheli lembobo ethile, ngoba le divayisi iyisango. Ngakho, yonke ithrafikhi ephumayo izoba nekheli le-MAC lale divayisi.
Uma phambi kwe-switch A sibeka i-switch B, exhunywe kuyo ngemigqa emithathu yokuxhumana, khona-ke yonke ithrafikhi ye-switch B ekuqondeni kwe-switch A izogeleza komunye wemigqa, engahlangabezani nemigomo yethu. Ngakho-ke, sidinga ukusetha imingcele yokulinganisa yalokhu kushintsha.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umyalo we-port-channel load-balance, lapho ikheli le-IP okuyiwa kulo lisetshenziswa njengepharamitha yenketho. Uma leli kheli lekhompiyutha No. 1, ithrafikhi izogeleza emgqeni wokuqala, uma No. 3 - eceleni kwesithathu, futhi uma ucacisa ikheli le-IP lekhompyutha yesibili, bese ulandela umugqa wokuxhumana ophakathi.
Ukwenza lokhu, umyalo usebenzisa igama elingukhiye le-port-channel kumodi yokumisa yomhlaba wonke.
Uma ufuna ukubona ukuthi iziphi izixhumanisi ezihilelekile esiteshini nokuthi yiziphi izimiso ezisetshenziswayo, lapho-ke kumodi enelungelo kufanele ufake umyalo wesifinyezo sombukiso we-etherchannel. Ungabuka izilungiselelo zokulinganisa umthwalo usebenzisa umyalo webhalansi ye-etherchannel yombukiso.
Manje ake sibheke konke lokhu kuhlelo lwe-Packet Tracer. Sinokushintsha okungu-2 okuxhunywe izixhumanisi ezimbili. I-STP izoqala ukusebenza futhi enye yezimbobo ezi-4 izovinjelwa.
Asiye kuzilungiselelo ze-SW0 bese sifaka umyalo we-show spanning-tree. Siyabona ukuthi i-STP iyasebenza futhi singabheka i-Root ID ne-ID yebhuloho. Sisebenzisa umyalo ofanayo weswishi yesibili, sizobona ukuthi inkinobho yokuqala engu-SW0 iyimpande, ngoba, ngokungafani ne-SW1, amanani ayo okuhlonza i-Root and Bridge ayafana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomlayezo lapha wokuthi i-SW0 iyimpande - "Leli bhuloho liyimpande".
Zombili izimbobo zokushintsha impande zisesimweni Esimisiwe, imbobo evinjiwe yeswishi yesibili ikhethwe njengenye, futhi eyesibili iqokwa njengembobo yezimpande. Ungabona ukuthi i-STP yenza kanjani wonke umsebenzi odingekayo ngokungenasici, imisa ngokuzenzakalelayo uxhumano.
Masivule iphrothokholi ye-PAGP; ukwenza lokhu, kuzilungiselelo ze-SW0, sifaka ngokulandelana imiyalo int f0/1 kanye nemodi yeqembu le-1 ngepharamitha eyodwa kwezingu-5, ngisebenzisa efiselekayo.
Ungabona ukuthi iphrothokholi yomugqa yaqale yakhutshazwa yaphinde yanikwa amandla futhi, okungukuthi, izinguquko ezenziwe zaqala ukusebenza kwase kwakhiwa isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Port-channel 1.
Manje ake siye kusixhumi esibonakalayo se-f0/2 bese sifaka umyalo ofanayo wesiteshi-imodi yeqembu 1 efiselekayo.
Ungabona ukuthi manje amachweba wesixhumanisi esiphezulu aboniswa umaka oluhlaza, futhi amachweba wesixhumanisi esiphansi aboniswa umaka we-orange. Kulokhu, angeke kube khona imodi exubile yokufiseleka - izimbobo ezizenzakalelayo, ngoba zonke izixhumi ezibonakalayo zeswishi eyodwa kufanele zilungiswe ngomyalo ofanayo. Imodi ye-auto ingasetshenziswa ekushintsheni kwesibili, kodwa okokuqala, wonke amachweba kufanele asebenze ngemodi efanayo, kulokhu kuyinto efiselekayo.
Masingene kuzilungiselelo ze-SW1 futhi sisebenzise umyalo wobubanzi bezindawo zokusebenzelana int range f0/1-2, ukuze singafaki imiyalo ngokwehlukana kundawo ngayinye, kodwa silungiselele kokubili ngomyalo owodwa.
Ngisebenzisa umyalo wemodi yeqembu 2, kodwa ngingasebenzisa noma iyiphi inombolo ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-6 ukuze ngikhethe iqembu lezindawo zokusebenzelana zeswishi yesibili. Njengoba uhlangothi oluphambene lwesiteshi lucushwe ngendlela efiselekayo, ukuxhumana kwalokhu kushintsha kufanele kube kumodi efiselekayo noma ezenzakalelayo. Ngikhetha ipharamitha yokuqala, thayipha imodi yeqembu 2 efiselekayo bese ucindezela u-Enter.
Sibona umlayezo wokuthi isixhumi esibonakalayo sesiteshi I-Port-channel 2 idaliwe, futhi izimbobo u-f0/1 kanye no-f0/2 zisuswe ngokulandelana kwazo ukusuka esimweni esiphansi kuya phezulu. Lokhu kulandelwa umlayezo wokuthi isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Port-channel 2 sishintshele esimweni esiphezulu nokuthi umthetho olandelwayo walesi sixhumanisi nawo uvuliwe. Manje sesenze i-EtherChannel ehlanganisiwe.
Ungaqinisekisa lokhu ngokuya kuzilungiselelo zeswishi ye-SW0 bese ufaka umyalo wesifinyezo sombukiso we-etherchannel. Ungabona amafulegi ahlukahlukene esizowabheka kamuva, bese kuthi iqembu 1 lisebenzisa isiteshi esi-1, inani labahlanganisi liphinde libe ngu-1. I-Po1 isho i-PortChannel 1, kanti igama elithi (SU) limele ifulegi elithi S - layer 2, U - esetshenzisiwe. Okulandelayo kubonisa iphrothokholi ye-PAGP esetshenzisiwe kanye nezimbobo ezibonakalayo ezihlanganiswe esiteshini - i-Fa0/1 (P) ne-Fa0/2 (P), lapho ifulegi le-P libonisa ukuthi lezi zimbobo ziyingxenye ye-PortChannel.
Ngisebenzisa imiyalo efanayo ekushintsheni kwesibili, futhi iwindi le-CLI libonisa ulwazi olufanayo lwe-SW1.
Ngifaka umyalo wesihlahla esinwebekayo kuzilungiselelo ze-SW1, futhi uyabona ukuthi i-PortChannel 2 iyisixhumi esibonakalayo esisodwa esinengqondo, futhi izindleko zayo uma ziqhathaniswa nezindleko zamachweba amabili ahlukene angu-19 zehle zaba ku-9.
Asenze okufanayo ngeswishi yokuqala. Uyabona ukuthi imingcele ye-Root ayishintshile, kodwa manje phakathi kokushintsha kokubili, esikhundleni sezixhumanisi ezimbili ezibonakalayo, kukhona isikhombimsebenzisi esisodwa esinengqondo se-Po1-Po2.
Ake sizame ukufaka i-LACP esikhundleni se-PAGP. Ukwenza lokhu, kuzilungiselelo zokushintsha kokuqala ngisebenzisa umyalo wobubanzi be-interfaces int range f0/1-2. Uma manje ngikhipha umyalo osebenzayo wemodi yeqembu-1 ukuze unike amandla i-LACP, izonqatshwa ngenxa yokuthi izimbobo u-Fa0/1 kanye ne-Fa0/2 sezivele ziyingxenye yesiteshi ezisebenzisa umthetho olandelwayo ohlukile.
Ngakho-ke, kufanele ngiqale ngifake umyalo othi akukho imodi yeqembu le-1 esebenzayo bese kuphela ngisebenzisa umyalo we-channel-group1 mode esebenzayo. Masenze okufanayo ngeswishi yesibili, siqale sifake umyalo othi akukho siteshi-iqembu 2, bese kuba umyalo wesiteshi-iqembu 2 imodi esebenzayo. Uma ubheka amapharamitha esixhumi esibonakalayo, ungabona ukuthi i-Po2 ivuliwe futhi, kodwa isekumodi yephrothokholi ye-PAGP. Lokhu akulona iqiniso, ngoba okwamanje sine-LACP esebenzayo, futhi kulokhu imingcele iboniswa ngokungalungile uhlelo lwe-Packet Tracer.
Ukuxazulula lokhu kungafani, ngisebenzisa isisombululo sesikhashana - ukudala enye i-PortChannel. Ukwenza lokhu, ngithayipha imiyalo int range f0/1-2 futhi akukho channel-group 2, bese umyalo channel-group 2 mode esebenzayo. Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kuyithinta kanjani iswishi yokuqala. Ngifaka umyalo wesifinyezo sombukiso we-etherchannel futhi ngibone ukuthi i-Po1 iphinda ikhonjiswe kusetshenziswa i-PAGP. Lokhu kuyinkinga ekufanisweni kwe-Packet Tracer ngoba i-PortChannel ivaliwe okwamanje futhi akufanele sibe nesiteshi nhlobo.
Ngibuyela efasiteleni le-CLI leswishi yesibili bese ngifaka umyalo wesifinyezo sombukiso we-etherchannel. Manje i-Po2 iboniswa ngenkomba (SD), lapho u-D esho phansi, okungukuthi, isiteshi asisebenzi. Ngobuchwepheshe, i-PortChannel ikhona lapha, kodwa ayisetshenziswa ngoba alikho ichweba elihlobene nayo.
Ngifaka imiyalo ebangeni le-int f0/1-2 futhi alikho iqembu lesiteshi 1 ezinhlelweni zokushintsha kokuqala, bese ngakha iqembu elisha lesiteshi, kulokhu inombolo 2, ngisebenzisa umyalo osebenzayo wemodi yeqembu 2. Bese ngenza okufanayo kuzilungiselelo zokushintshwa kwesibili, kuphela manje iqembu lesiteshi lithola inombolo 1.
Manje sekusungulwe iqembu elisha, i-Port Channel 2, ekushintshanisweni kokuqala, kwathi i-Port Channel 1 kweyesibili ngimane ngashintsha amagama amaqembu. Njengoba ubona, ngobuchwepheshe ngidale Isiteshi Sechweba esisha ekushintsheni kwesibili, futhi manje siboniswa nepharamitha elungile - ngemva kokufaka umyalo wesifinyezo se-etherchannel, siyabona ukuthi i-Po1 (SU) isebenzisa i-LACP.
Sibona isithombe esifanayo efasiteleni le-CLI lokushintsha i-SW0 - iqembu elisha le-Po2 (SU) lisebenza ngaphansi kolawulo lwe-LACP.
Cabangela umehluko phakathi kwesixhumi esibonakalayo esisesimweni esisebenzayo nesixhumi esibonakalayo esihlala sisesimweni. Ngizodala iqembu elisha lesiteshi lokushintsha i-SW0 ngemiyalo ebangeni le-int f0/1-2 kanye nemodi yeqembu lesiteshi engu-3 evuliwe. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, kufanele ususe amaqembu esiteshi 1 no-2 usebenzisa i-no-channel-group 1 futhi akukho miyalelo yeqembu-yeqembu 2, ngaphandle kwalokho, uma uzama ukusebenzisa imodi ye-channel-group 3 ngomyalo, uhlelo luzoveza umyalezo othi isixhumi esibonakalayo sesivele sisetshenziselwa ukusebenza nenye iphrothokholi yesiteshi.
Senza okufanayo ngokushintsha kwesibili - susa i-channel-group 1 no-2 bese sidala iqembu lesi-3 ngemodi ye-command channel-group 3. Manje ake siye kuzilungiselelo ze-SW0 futhi sisebenzise umyalo wesifinyezo sombukiso we-etherchannel. Uzobona ukuthi isiteshi esisha se-Po3 sesivele siyasebenza futhi asidingi noma yimiphi imisebenzi yokuqala njenge-PAGP noma i-LACP.
Ivula ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokukhubaza bese ivumela izimbobo. Sisebenzisa umyalo ofanayo we-SW1, sizobona ukuthi lapha i-Po3 ayisebenzisi noma iyiphi iphrothokholi, okungukuthi, sidale i-EtherChannel emile.
I-Cisco ithi ukuze amanethiwekhi atholakale kabanzi, sidinga ukukhohlwa nge-PAGP futhi sisebenzise i-EtherChannel emile njengendlela enokwethenjelwa yokuhlanganisa izixhumanisi.
Sikwenza kanjani ukulinganisa kokulayisha? Ngibuyela efasiteleni le-SW0 switch CLI bese ngifaka umyalo webhalansi yokulayisha etherchannel. Ungabona ukuthi ukulinganisa komthwalo kwenziwa ngokusekelwe ekhelini lomthombo le-MAC.
Ngokuvamile ukulinganisa kusebenzisa le pharamitha, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi akuhambisani nezinjongo zethu. Uma sifuna ukushintsha le ndlela yokulinganisa, sidinga ukungena kumodi yokucushwa komhlaba wonke bese sifaka umyalo webhalansi ye-port-channel load-balance, ngemva kwalokho isistimu izobonisa imiyalo enemingcele engenzeka yalo myalo.
Uma ucacisa ipharamitha ye-port-channel load-balance src-mac, okungukuthi, ucacise ikheli lomthombo we-MAC, umsebenzi we-hashing uzonikwa amandla, okuzobe sekukhomba ukuthi yiziphi izimbobo eziyingxenye ye-EtherChannel okufanele isetshenziselwe ithrafikhi eya phambili. Noma kunini lapho ikheli lomthombo lifana, isistimu izosebenzisa lokho kubonwa komzimba okuqondile ukuthumela ithrafikhi.
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Source: www.habr.com