Ukudla okusheshayo, imiphumela esheshayo, ukukhula okusheshayo, i-inthanethi esheshayo, ukufunda okusheshayo... Ijubane seliyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke. Sifuna ukuthi yonke into ibe lula, isheshe futhi ibe ngcono. Isidingo esiqhubekayo sesikhathi esengeziwe, isivinini kanye nokukhiqiza kungamandla aqhuba ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe. Futhi i-Armenia akuyona eyokugcina kulolu chungechunge.
Isibonelo salokhu: akekho ofuna ukuchitha isikhathi emi emigqeni. Namuhla, kunezinhlelo zokuphatha ulayini ezivumela amakhasimende ukuthi abhukhe izihlalo zawo ekude futhi athole izinsiza zawo ngaphandle kokubeka ulayini. Izicelo ezakhiwe e-Armenia, njenge-Earlyone, zinciphisa isikhathi sokulinda samakhasimende ngokulandelela nokulawula yonke inqubo yesevisi.
Ososayensi, onjiniyela kanye nabahleli bezinhlelo emhlabeni wonke nabo bazama ukuxazulula izinkinga zekhompiyutha ngokushesha nangempumelelo kakhudlwana. Ukuthola umphumela omkhulu, basebenza ekudaleni amakhompyutha we-quantum. Namuhla siyamangala ngosayizi omkhulu wamakhompiyutha asetshenziswa eminyakeni engama-20-30 edlule futhi ehlala amagumbi wonke. Ngokufanayo, esikhathini esizayo, abantu bazojabula ngamakhompiyutha e-quantum asanda kwakhiwa namuhla. Kuyiphutha ukucabanga ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zamabhayisikili sezivele zasungulwa, futhi kuyiphutha ukucabanga ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obunjalo nezinto ezisunguliwe zitholakala emazweni athuthukile kuphela.
I-Armenia iyisibonelo esihle sokuthuthukiswa kwe-IT
Umkhakha we-ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) e-Armenia ubulokhu ukhula kancane kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. I-Enterprise Incubator Foundation, incubator yebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe kanye ne-ejensi yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi esizinze e-Yerevan, ibika ukuthi imali engenayo yonke yemboni, ehlanganisa umkhakha wesofthiwe nezinsizakalo kanye nomkhakha wabahlinzeki besevisi ye-inthanethi, ifinyelele ku-USD 922,3 wezigidi ngo-2018, okukhuphuke ngo-20,5% kusukela ngo-2017.
Imali engenayo evela kulo mkhakha ifinyelela ku-7,4% wesamba se-GDP yase-Armenia ($12,4 billion), ngokombiko womnyango wezibalo. Izinguquko ezinkulu zikahulumeni, imizamo eyahlukene yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe, nokusebenzisana eduze kuneqhaza ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo komkhakha we-ICT ezweni. Ukudalwa koMnyango Wezimboni Eziphezulu Zobuchwepheshe e-Armenia (ngaphambilini lo mkhakha wawulawulwa uMnyango Wezokuthutha, Ukuxhumana Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi) ngokusobala kuyisinyathelo esiya phambili mayelana nokuthuthukisa imizamo nezinsiza embonini ye-IT.
I-SmartGate, isikhwama semali ye-Silicon Valley venture capital, ithi ekubukezweni kwayo kwe-2018 yemboni yezobuchwepheshe yase-Armenia: "Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe base-Armenia buyimboni ekhula ngokushesha ebone ushintsho olukhulu ekuthengeni ngaphandle kuya ekudalweni kwemikhiqizo. Isizukulwane sonjiniyela abavuthiwe sivele endaweni yesehlakalo namashumi eminyaka yesipiliyoni sisebenza kumaphrojekthi aphambili ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe zamazwe ngamazwe kanye neziqalo zeSilicon Valley. Ngoba isidingo esikhula ngokushesha sochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe kakhulu emkhakheni wezobunjiniyela nokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe ngeke saneliswe esikhathini esifushane noma esimaphakathi ekhaya noma ngezikhungo zemfundo zasendaweni.β
NgoJuni 2018, uNdunankulu wase-Armenia u-Nikol Pashinyan waphawula ukuthi kunesidingo sochwepheshe be-IT abangaphezu kuka-4000 e-Armenia. Okusho ukuthi, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthuthukiswa kanye nezinguquko emikhakheni yezemfundo nesayensi. Amanyuvesi amaningana endawo nezinhlangano zithatha izinyathelo zokweseka ithalente elikhulayo lezobuchwepheshe kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi, njenge:
- Uhlelo lwe-US Bachelor of Science in Data Science;
- Uhlelo lwe-Master kwizibalo ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nesayensi yedatha e-Yerevan State University;
- ukufunda ngomshini nokunye ukuqeqeshwa okuhlobene, ucwaningo kanye nezibonelelo ezihlinzekwa yi-ISTC (Innovative Solutions and Technologies Center);
- I-Academy of the Code of Armenia, YerevaNN (ilabhorethri yokufunda umshini e-Yerevan);
- Isango 42 (quantum computing laboratory eYerevan), njll.
Imikhakha yamasu embonini ye-IT e-Armenia
Izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe nazo zibamba iqhaza ekuqeqeshweni nasekuhlanganyeleni ngolwazi/nezinhlelo zokwabelana ngolwazi. Kulesi sigaba esibalulekile sokukhula kwe-ICT e-Armenia, ukugxila kwesu lomkhakha kubalulekile. Izinhlelo zemfundo ezibalulwe ngenhla emkhakheni wesayensi yedatha nokufunda kwemishini zibonisa ukuthi izwe lenza imizamo emikhulu yokuthuthukisa le mikhakha emibili. Futhi hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokuthi bahola izitayela zobuchwepheshe emhlabeni - kunesidingo esikhulu sangempela sochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe emabhizinisini akhona kakade, aqalayo kanye namalabhorethri ocwaningo e-Armenia.
Omunye umkhakha wamasu odinga inani elikhulu lochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe imboni yezempi. Ungqongqoshe Wemboni Yezobuchwepheshe Ephakeme u-Hakob Arshakyan unake kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezempi bamasu, ecabangela izinkinga ezibalulekile zokuphepha kwezempi izwe okufanele lizixazulule.
Eminye imikhakha ebalulekile ihlanganisa isayensi ngokwayo. Kunesidingo socwaningo oluthile, ucwaningo olujwayelekile nolwezenhlalo, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokusungulwa. Abantu abasebenza kubuchwepheshe ezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthuka bangase babe nokuthuthuka okuwusizo kwezobuchwepheshe. Isibonelo esihle kakhulu somsebenzi onjalo i-quantum computing, esezigabeni zayo zokuqala futhi idinga umsebenzi omningi wososayensi base-Armenia ngokubandakanyeka komkhuba womhlaba kanye nolwazi.
Okulandelayo, sizobheka izindawo ezintathu zobuchwepheshe kabanzi: ukufunda ngomshini, ubuchwepheshe bezempi, kanye ne-quantum computing. Yilezi zindawo ezingaba nomthelela omkhulu ezimbonini zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu zase-Armenia futhi ziphawule izwe kumephu yomhlaba wonke yezobuchwepheshe.
I-IT e-Armenia: inkambu yokufunda ngomshini
Ngokusho kweDatha Science Central, Machine Learning (ML) iwuhlelo lokusebenza/ingxenye yobuhlakani bokwenziwa "egxile ekhonweni lemishini lokuthatha isethi yedatha futhi izifundise yona, ishintsha ama-algorithms njengoba ulwazi olucubungulayo lwanda futhi lushintsha," kanye ukuxazulula izinkinga ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ukufunda ngemishini kuthathe umhlaba wonke ngokusetshenziswa ngempumelelo nokuhlukahlukene kobuchwepheshe kwezamabhizinisi nesayensi.
Izicelo ezinjalo zihlanganisa:
- ukuqashelwa kwenkulumo nezwi;
- isizukulwane solimi lwemvelo (NGL);
- izinqubo ezizenzakalelayo zokwenza izinqumo zokusebenza kwebhizinisi;
- ukuvikelwa ku-inthanethi nokunye okuningi.
Kuneziqalo ezimbalwa eziphumelelayo zase-Armenia ezisebenzisa izixazululo ezifanayo. Isibonelo, iKrisp, okuwuhlelo lwedeskithophu olunciphisa umsindo wangemuva ngesikhathi socingo. NgokukaDavid Bagdasarian, oyi-CEO kanye nomsunguli we-2Hz, inkampani engabazali baka-Krisp, izixazululo zabo ziyashintsha kubuchwepheshe bomsindo. βEminyakeni emibili nje, ithimba lethu labacwaningi selakhe ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni lomhlaba, obungenawo ama-analogue emhlabeni. Ithimba lethu liqukethe ongoti abangu-12, iningi labo elineziqu zobudokotela kwizibalo ne-physics,β kusho uBaghdasaryan. βIzithombe zabo zilenga ezindongeni zomnyango wethu wocwaningo ukuze zisikhumbuze ngempumelelo yabo nentuthuko yabo. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukucabanga kabusha ngekhwalithi yomsindo ekuxhumaneni kwangempela,β kwengeza uDavid Bagdasaryan, oyi-CEO ye-2Hz.
U-Krisp uqanjwe njengoMkhiqizo Wevidiyo Yomsindo Ka-2018 Wonyaka yi-ProductHunt, inkundla ebonisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva bomhlaba. UCrisp usanda kusebenzisana nenkampani yezokuxhumana yase-Armenia i-Rostelecom, kanye nezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-Sitel Group, ukuze inikeze kangcono izingcingo ezivela kumakhasimende angaba khona.
Esinye isiqalo esinamandla e-ML yi-SuperAnnotate AI, enika amandla ukuhlukaniswa kwesithombe okunembile nokukhethwa kwento yesichasiselo sesithombe. Ine-algorithm yayo enegunya lobunikazi esiza izinkampani ezinkulu ezifana ne-Google, i-Facebook ne-Uber ukuthi zisindise izinsiza zezezimali nezabantu ngokwenza umsebenzi wezandla, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza ngezithombe (i-SuperAnnotate AI iqeda ukukhethwa kwezithombe ezikhethiwe, inqubo ishesha izikhathi ezingu-10 izikhathi ezingu-20 ngokuchofoza okukodwa).
Kukhona ezinye iziqalo ezikhulayo ze-ML ezenza i-Armenia ibe ihabhu lokufunda ngomshini esifundeni. Ngokwesibonelo:
- I-Renderforest yokudala amavidiyo apopayi, amawebhusayithi namalogo;
- Ukusebenzisana - inkundla yokuncoma isisebenzi (eyaziwa nangokuthi "ithenda yokuqasha", ikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe ngaphandle kokumosha isikhathi);
- I-Chessify iwuhlelo lokusebenza olufundisayo oluskena ukunyakaza kwe-chess, olubona ngeso lengqondo izinyathelo ezilandelayo, nokuningi.
Lezi ziqalo azibalulekile nje kuphela ngoba zisebenzisa ukufunda ngomshini ukuze zinikeze izinsizakalo zebhizinisi, kodwa futhi njengabadali benani lesayensi bomhlaba wezobuchwepheshe.
Ngaphezu kwamaphrojekthi ebhizinisi ahlukahlukene e-Armenia, kunezinye izinhlelo ezenza umnikelo omkhulu ekukhuthazeni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe be-ML e-Armenia. Lokhu kufaka phakathi into ye-YerevaNN. Kuyilabhorethri yocwaningo lwesayensi yekhompyutha engenzi nzuzo egxile ezindaweni ezintathu zocwaningo:
- uchungechunge lwesikhathi sokubikezela sedatha yezokwelapha;
- ukucubungula ulimi lwemvelo ngokufunda ngokujulile;
- ukuthuthukiswa "kwamabhange ezihlahla" ase-Armenia (Treebank).
Izwe liphinde libe nenkundla yomphakathi wokufunda ngemishini kanye nabashisekayo ebizwa nge-ML EVN. Lapha benza ucwaningo, babelane ngezinsiza kanye nolwazi, bahlele imicimbi yezemfundo, baxhumane nezinkampani ezinezikhungo zemfundo, njll. Ngokusho kwe-ML EVN, izinkampani ze-IT zase-Armenia zidinga ukwanda okukhulu embonini ye-ML, okuyinto, ngeshwa, umkhakha wezemfundo nesayensi wase-Armenia awufuni. angahlinzeka. Kodwa-ke, igebe lamakhono lingavalwa ngokubambisana okuzinzile phakathi kwamabhizinisi ahlukene kanye nomkhakha wezemfundo.
I-Quantum Computing njengenkambu ye-IT ebalulekile e-Armenia
I-Quantum Computing kulindeleke ukuthi ibe impumelelo elandelayo kwezobuchwepheshe. I-IBM Q System One, uhlelo lokuqala lomhlaba lwekhompuyutha ye-quantum olwakhelwe ukusetshenziswa kwesayensi nokuhweba, yethulwa esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka odlule. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe bushintsha kanjani.
Iyini i-quantum computing? Lolu wuhlobo olusha lwekhompuyutha oluxazulula izinkinga ezingaphezu kobunzima obuthile amakhompyutha asendulo angakwazi ukubuphatha. Amakhompyutha e-Quantum anika amandla ukutholwa ezindaweni eziningi, kusukela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kuya ezinhlelweni zemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuzothatha izinsuku ezimbalwa futhi ngisho namahora ukuxazulula inkinga yobuchwepheshe ngendlela yayo evamile kungathatha izigidigidi zeminyaka.
Kuthiwa amandla e-quantum amazwe azosiza ekunqumeni isu lezomnotho lesikhathi esizayo, njengamandla enuzi ekhulwini lama-20. Lokhu sekudale lo mjaho obizwa ngequantum ohlanganisa i-USA, China, Europe ngisho neMiddle East.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi lapho izwe lisheshe lingenela umjaho, lizozuza kakhulu hhayi nje kwezobuchwepheshe noma ngokwezomnotho, kodwa nangokwepolitiki.
I-Armenia ithatha izinyathelo zayo zokuqala ku-quantum computing isinyathelo sochwepheshe abambalwa emkhakheni we-physics ne-computer science. I-Gate42, iqembu lokucwaninga elisanda kusungulwa elihlanganisa izazi ze-physics zase-Armenia, ososayensi bekhompyutha nabathuthukisi, libhekwa njenge-oasis yocwaningo lwe-quantum e-Armenia.
Umsebenzi wabo uzungeza imigomo emithathu:
- ukwenza ucwaningo lwesayensi;
- ukwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa kwesisekelo semfundo;
- Ukukhulisa ukuqwashisa phakathi kochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe abanobuchwepheshe obufanele ukuthuthukisa imisebenzi engaba khona ku-quantum computing.
Iphuzu lokugcina alisebenzi ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme, kodwa ithimba liqhubekela phambili ngezimpumelelo ezithembisayo kulo mkhakha we-IT.
Iyini i-Gate42 e-Armenia?
Ithimba le-Gate42 lihlanganisa amalungu angu-12 (abacwaningi, abeluleki kanye nebhodi yabaphatheli) abangabangenele ukhetho lwe-PhD nososayensi abavela emanyuvesi ase-Armenian nawakwamanye amazwe. UGrant Gharibyan, Ph.D., ungusosayensi e-Stanford University futhi uyilungu lethimba le-Quantum AI kwa-Google. Kanye nomeluleki we-Gate42, owabelana ngolwazi lwakhe, ulwazi futhi wenza umsebenzi wesayensi neqembu lase-Armenia.
Omunye umxhumanisi, u-Vazgen Hakobjanyan, ungumsunguli we-Smartgate.vc, osebenza ekuthuthukiseni amasu eqembu locwaningo kanye nomqondisi u-Hakob Avetisyan. U-Avetisyan ukholelwa ukuthi umphakathi we-quantum e-Armenia kulesi sigaba mncane futhi unesizotha, awunathalente, ama-laboratories ocwaningo, izinhlelo zemfundo, izimali, njll.
Nokho, ngisho nezinsizakusebenza ezilinganiselwe, iqembu likwazile ukuzuza impumelelo ethile, okuhlanganisa:
- ukuthola uxhaso oluvela ku-Unitary.fund (uhlelo olugxile kumthombo ovulekile wekhompuyutha we-quantum wephrojekthi "Ilabhulali Yomthombo Ovulekile Yokunciphisa Iphutha Le-Quantum: Amasu Wokuhlanganisa Izinhlelo Ezimelana Kakhudlwana Nomsindo we-CPU");
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-quantum chat prototype;
- ukubamba iqhaza ku-Righetti Hackathon, lapho ososayensi bahlola ubukhulu be-quantum, njll.
Iqembu likholelwa ukuthi isiqondiso sinamandla athembisayo. I-Gate42 ngokwayo izokwenza konke okusemandleni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-Armenia imakwe kumephu yezobuchwepheshe yomhlaba wonke njengezwe elinokuthuthukiswa kwe-quantum computing kanye namaphrojekthi esayensi aphumelelayo.
Ukuvikela kanye ne-cybersecurity njengendawo enamasu e-IT e-Armenia
Amazwe akhiqiza izikhali zawo zempi azimele futhi anamandla, kokubili kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho. I-Armenia kumele icabangele ukuqinisa nokwenza izikhungo zayo zempi, hhayi nje ngokuzingenisa kwamanye amazwe, kodwa nangokuzikhiqiza. Ubuchwepheshe be-Cybersecurity kumele nabo buhambe phambili. Lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu njengoba, ngokusho kwe-National Cyber ββββSecurity Index, isilinganiso sase-Armenia singu-25,97 kuphela.
βKwesinye isikhathi abantu bacabanga ukuthi sikhuluma ngezikhali kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwamavolumu amancane kunganikeza inani lemisebenzi kanye nenzuzo enkulu, "kusho uNgqongqoshe Wezobuchwepheshe Ephakeme uHakob Arshakyan.
U-Arshakyan ubheka ukubaluleka okukhulu kule mboni esu lakhe lokuthuthukisa umkhakha wezobuchwepheshe bolwazi e-Armenia. Amabhizinisi amaningana, njenge-Astromaps, akhiqiza amathuluzi akhethekile ezindiza ezinophephela emhlane futhi anikeze ulwazi eMnyangweni Wezokuvikela ukuze wenze ubuchwepheshe bezempi besimanje.
Muva nje, i-Armenia ibonise imikhiqizo yezempi e-IDEX (Inkomfa Yokuvikela Yamazwe Ngamazwe Nombukiso) e-UAE ngoFebhuwari 2019, kanye nemishini ye-electro-optical nezinye zezempi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-Armenia ilwela ukukhiqiza imishini yezempi hhayi kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwayo, kodwa futhi nokuthekelisa.
NgokukaKaren Vardanyan, umqondisi jikelele we-Union of Advanced Technologies and Enterprises (UATE) e-Armenia, amasosha adinga ochwepheshe be-IT ngisho nangaphezulu kunakwezinye izindawo. Inikeza abafundi bezobuchwepheshe bolwazi ithuba lokusebenza kwezempi ngenkathi beqhubeka nezifundo zabo ngokunikela ngezinyanga ezi-4-6 zonyaka ukuze benze ucwaningo ngezindaba ezibalulekile ezithinta ezempi. U-Vardanyan ukholelwa nokuthi amakhono obuchwepheshe akhulayo ezweni, njengabafundi be-Armath Engineering Laboratories, kamuva angadlala indima ebalulekile ezisombululweni ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe ebuthweni.
I-Armath iwuhlelo lwezemfundo oludalwe i-UATE ohlelweni lwezikole zikahulumeni zase-Armenia. Esikhathini esifushane, lo msebenzi uye wazuza impumelelo enkulu, futhi njengamanje unama-laboratories angama-270 anabafundi abacishe babe ngu-7000 ezikoleni ezahlukahlukene e-Armenia nase-Arsakh.
Amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene ase-Armenia nawo asebenza ekuvikelekeni kolwazi. Isibonelo, i-ArmSec Foundation ihlanganisa ndawonye ochwepheshe be-cybersecurity ukuze babhekane nezinkinga zokuphepha ngokubambisana nohulumeni. Likhathazekile ngokuvama kokuphulwa kwedatha yaminyaka yonke nokuhlaselwa kwe-inthanethi e-Armenia, ithimba lihlinzeka ngamasevisi alo nezisombululo ezinhlelweni zezempi nezokuvikela, kanye nezinye izikhungo zikazwelonke nezizimele ezidinga ukuvikela idatha nokuxhumana.
Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yokuzikhandla nokubekezela, isisekelo samemezela ukubambisana noMnyango Wezokuvikela, okwaholela ekudalweni kohlelo olusha noluthembekile olubizwa ngokuthi i-PN-Linux. Izogxila ekuguqulweni kwedijithali kanye nokuphepha kwe-cybersecurity. Lesi simemezelo senziwe engqungqutheleni yezokuphepha ye-ArmSec 2018 ngu-Samvel Martirosyan, ongumqondisi we-ArmSec Foundation. Lesi sinyathelo siqinisekisa ukuthi i-Armenia iyisinyathelo esisodwa esiseduze nokuphathwa kwe-elekthronikhi kanye nokugcinwa kwedatha okuvikelekile, udaba izwe elihlale lizama ukulwa nalo.
Ekuphetheni, singathanda ukwengeza ukuthi imboni yezobuchwepheshe yase-Armenia akufanele igxile kuphela ezindaweni ezintathu ezishiwo ngenhla. Nokho, yilezi zindawo ezintathu ezingaba nomthelela omkhulu kakhulu, uma kubhekwa amaphrojekthi akhona aphumelelayo ebhizinisi, izinhlelo zemfundo kanye nethalente elikhulayo, kanye nendima evelele eziyidlalayo emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe womhlaba njengokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukuqala kuzosiza futhi ukuxazulula izidingo ezibalulekile nezinkinga zeningi lezakhamizi ezijwayelekile zase-Armenia.
Uma kubhekwa izinguquko ezisheshayo ezingokwemvelo kumkhakha we-IT emhlabeni wonke, i-Armenia nakanjani izoba nesithombe esihlukile ekupheleni kuka-2019 - ngesimiso semvelo esisungulwe kakhudlwana, amalabhorethri ocwaningo anwetshiwe, okusunguliwe okuphumelelayo nemikhiqizo ephumelelayo.
Source: www.habr.com