🥇44.2 Tbps ngaphezu kwe-fiber optics - isebenza kanjani?

Ngomhla zingama-22 kuMeyi 2020, i-Nature Communications yashicilela i-athikili yososayensi abamele ucwaningo nezikhungo zesayensi e-Australia, e-China nase-Canada, enesihloko esithi "Ukudluliselwa kwedatha ye-Ultra-dense optical ngefayibha ejwayelekile enomthombo we-chip eyodwa."

Ngokwemvelo, isihloko esinjalo sasingafaneleki izethameli eziningi, ngakho wonke umuntu wabhala ezindabeni mayelana ne-44.2 Tb / s - umphumela owazuzwa (abanye abazange baqede ukufunda futhi i-TB / s yavela ezihlokweni, kodwa inani elifanele ama-terabits/s). Ake sithole ndawonye ukuthi bakwenze kanjani nokuthi empeleni abacwaningi babhale ngani.

Ake siqale!

Uhlu lokuqukethwe

01. Lezi
02. Isivivinyo
03. Imiphumela
04. Ukuqhathanisa neminye imiphumela
05. Izixhumanisi eziwusizo
06. Igama langemuva

Ngizozama ukuchaza amaphuzu abalulekile ocwaningo, okuhlanganisa imigomo, amadivaysi, nokunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekupheleni kokushicilelwa kwami kuzoba nohlu lwezixhumanisi ngokuchofoza lapho ungafunda khona kabanzi.

Ungayethembi incazelo yami 100%. Njengawo wonke umuntu ngaphandle kwezintatheli, ngingaba nephutha. Funda izincwadi zesayensi zangempela (Isigaba 05).

01. Lezi

Izifinyezo zokushicilela zangempela [l-1] (Ukufinyelela kwamahhala):

Ama-Micro-combs - ama-optical frequency ama-combs akhiqizwa ama-resonator amancane ahlanganisiwe - anikeza amandla aphelele wozakwabo ngobuningi, kodwa endaweni ehlanganisiwe. Banikeze amandla ukuphumelela emikhakheni eminingi okuhlanganisa i-spectroscopy, i-microwave photonics, i-frequency synthesis, i-optical range, imithombo ye-quantum, i-metrology kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha ye-ultrahigh. Lapha, ngokusebenzisa ikilasi elinamandla le-micro-comb elibizwa ngokuthi amakristalu e-soliton, sifinyelela ukudluliswa kwedatha okuphakeme kakhulu ngaphezu kuka-75 km we-fiber optical evamile kusetshenziswa umthombo we-chip odidiyelwe owodwa. Sikhombisa izinga lolayini elingu-44.2 Terabits s−1 sisebenzisa i-telecommunications C-band engu-1550 nm ngokusebenza kahle kwe-spectral okungu-10.4 bits s−1 Hz−1. Amakristalu e-Soliton abonisa ukukhiqiza nokusebenza okuqinile nokuzinzile kanye nokusebenza kahle okukhulu kwangaphakathi okuthi, kanye nesikhala esiphansi kakhulu se-soliton micro-comb esingu-48.9 GHz kunika amandla ukusetshenziswa kwefomethi ephezulu kakhulu yokumojula idatha ehambisanayo (64 QAM - i-quadrature amplitude eshintshiwe) . Lo msebenzi ubonisa amandla ama-optical micro-combs okusebenza kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana abonakalayo adingekayo nasebenzayo.

Ngokusebenzisa umthombo ohlanganisiwe obonakalayo, bekungenzeka ukudlulisa ulwazi ngebanga elingaphezu kuka-75 km nge-fiber optical ejwayelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, "isivinini" se-44.2 terabits/s (Tb/s) safinyelelwa ku-C-band (1 nm) ngokusebenza kahle kwe-spectral kwe-550 (b/s)/Hz. Ibanga phakathi kwama-soltons angomakhelwane lehliselwe ku-10.4 GHz.

Ukuhlolwa okungu-75 km kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-optical fiber elabhorethri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okufanayo "kwensimu" kwenziwa kusixhumanisi sangempela se-optical (76.6 km) eMelbourne, e-Australia.

Okudingayo ukwazi:

Ikamu elincane
Ngamagama alula - umthombo optical (funda "laser"). I-spectrum yayo iqukethe uchungechunge lwemigqa ehlukene ehlukaniswe ngokulinganayo ukusuka komunye nomunye (yingakho igama elithi ridge). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pulse yomthombo onjalo ngokwayo ibizwa nangokuthi. Uma unentshisekelo, ungafunda isibuyekezo [l-2], ethinta impumelelo eyinhloko yalo mkhakha (amakhasi angu-81, yebo, impumelelo eyinhloko, ukufinyelela kwamahhala). Ungayifunda kafushane ku-Wikipedia [n-1].

I-soliton ye-Optical
Lena i-optical pulse eyodwa engasabalala amabanga amade endaweni engaqondile ngaphandle kokushintsha ukuma kwayo. Ulwazi olujwayelekile lungatholakala esihlokweni se-Wikipedia [n-2].

Ikristalu yeSoliton
Lokhu iqoqo lama-soltons a-odwe ngesikhathi, "amiswa" ngezikhathi ezithile ngenxa yokushintshwa kwenkambu ewakhiqizayo. Kuyinto crystal kuphela ngesikhathi.

I-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)
Ngokushintsha isigaba kanye nobukhulu besignali, ungakwazi ukwandisa inani lolwazi oludlulisiwe. Isigaba sishintshwa ngu - ingxenye yesine yesiyingi, ngakho-ke "quadrature". Inombolo 64 isho inani lezinhlanganisela ezahlukene nalokhu kumojula. Ungafunda okwengeziwe ku-Wikipedia [n-3].

Mhlawumbe lokhu kuzokwanela okwamanje, futhi ngizochaza imigomo esele noma hhayi izinto ezisobala kakhulu endleleni.

02. Isivivinyo

U-fig. 1. Umqondo wokuhlolwa kokudluliswa kwedatha kusetshenziswa amakristalu e-soliton [l-1].

a. Umfanekiso wesimo "sekristalu ye-soliton" esetshenziswe ocwaningweni.
b. Isithombe se-chip esetshenzisiwe (5 x 9 mm, cishe kuphela. indawo ehlalwa idivayisi namagagasi) + 2 AUD coin (20.5 mm) esikalini. Isingeniso sibonisa i-risonator. Ukuhlanekezela okubonakalayo esithombeni kungenxa yeglue ebamba i-fiber optical endaweni.
c. Idizayini yokuhlola. Igagasi eliqhubekayo (CW) [n-4]) laser (1.8 W ngemva kweamplifier) amaphampu indandatho resonator (48.9 GHz FSR [n-5]), ikhiqiza i-micro-ridge lapho ihlangana nekristalu ye-solton. I-ridge iyalingana (okusho ukuthi i-amplitude iyalingana kumafrikhwensi ahlukene) futhi i-demultiplexed [n-6], okuvumela ukushintshwa kwayo okwengeziwe. Okulandelayo, isignali iphinda iphindwe kabili, idluliselwe phezu kwe-fiber optical kusetshenziswa i-EDFA (bheka ngezansi) izikhulisa-zwi futhi isiteshi ngasinye siphinde sibe-demultiplex (lokhu ukuphikiswa kokuphindwaphindwa kwesignali).

In U-fig. 1 izifinyezo:

I-ECL - i-laser ehlangene-enqenqemeni - iyi-laser exhunywe ku-fiber optical;
I-WSS - i-wavelength-selective switch - idivayisi evumela ukushintsha okukhethiwe kobude begagasi [n-7];
Rx - umamukeli;
I-EDFA - I-Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier - i-fiber optic amplifier ehlanganiswe nama-ion e-erbium [n-8].

Uma ikhanyiswa nge-laser (1 nm, igagasi eliqhubekayo), i-micro-cavity ikhiqiza ikristalu ye-soliton enobubanzi be-spectral obungaphezu kuka-550 nm (nenkathi engaba ngu-80 nm). I-micro-ridge ikhiqizwa lapho i-laser ilungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo enanini elifiswayo.

U-fig. 2. Isizukulwane sekristalu ye-soliton. Ukuze i-lasing, i-laser ilungise kahle isuka onqenqemeni lwamaza obude be-resonance iye kunani elinqunywe kusengaphambili. [l-1].

a. I-ridge eyinhloko. Ikhiqizwa lapho imisebe ye-laser ihambisana neringi.
b. I-Spectrum yekristalu ye-soliton esetshenziswe ekuhloleni. Ububanzi obunjalo be-micro-ridge spectrum buhambisana nenkinga eyodwa yesikhashana eyethulwe eringini (okusho isikhala esikhundleni somugqa owodwa). Ngemvamisa enqunywe kusengaphambili, ikristalu ye-soliton ikhiqizwa enezici ze-spectral ezizungeze imigqa emikhulu ye-ridge. Ngale ndlela, imigqa ifinyelelwe kulo lonke i-C-band yokudluliselwa kwedatha ye-optical.
c. Umehluko wokuqina kwemigqa yemigqa yamapharamitha esizukulwane ayi-10 ahlukene (izimpawu zohlobo ngalunye ku-Fig. zimele ikesi eyodwa kweziyi-10). Njengoba ukuqina kungaphakathi kwe-± 0.9 dB ye-spectrum yokuqala, singacabanga ukuthi isizukulwane se-crystal soliton edingekayo sinokwethenjelwa.

Amakristalu e-Soliton akhiqizwa ama-wavelengths angu-10 ahlukene ukusuka ku-1 kuya ku-550.300 nm futhi kwaboniswa ukuthi umphumela odingekayo ufinyelelwe kuzo zonke izinhlobonhlobo ze-1.

Kuwo wonke ama-micro-ridge, kukhethwe imigqa engu-80 ngaphakathi kwe-C-band (iwindi le-spectral elingu-32 nm ububanzi ukusuka ku-1 kuya ku-536 nm, 1 THz). Lawa mabhendi aye aqondaniswe ngokubukekayo abese ephinda kabili ngempumelelo abe ngu-567 (okulingana ne-3.95 GHz ridge). Ukuphinda kabili kuyadingeka ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-spectral (umthwalo we-spectral payload).

Umugqa wokuhlola (amashaneli angu-6) wengezwe kusignali esacwaningwa. Lonke i-ridge yahlelwa ngefomethi ye-64 QAM, enikeza isilinganiso sophawu [n-9] ku-23 gigabod [n-10], okwavumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-94% ye-spectrum etholakalayo.

Isamba sezilingo ezi-2 zenziwa ukuze kudluliswe ulwazi kumakhilomitha angama-75. Kuzo zombili izimo, kusetshenziswe i-fiber yemodi eyodwa [n-11].

Ukuhlola elabhorethri.
Ukuhlolwa kwenkundla kusetshenziswa inethiwekhi kamasipala exhumanisa ikhampasi yaseMelbourne yeRoyal Melbourne University of Technology kanye nekhempasi yaseMonash University Clayton.

U-fig. 3. I-spectra yama-Multichannel namasignali ekristalu ye-soliton [l-1].

a. I-spectrum ye-ridge spectrum ngemva kokulinganisa, ikalwa ngokulungiswa kwe-12.5 GHz ukuze kuboniswe imigqa ngayinye.
b. Imiphumela yaselabhorethri ye-75 km ye-fiber. Ukulungiswa 50 GHz. Isingeniso sibonisa isiteshi sokuhlola (ukulungiswa kwe-150 MHz), sibonisa amabhendi amancane alinganayo futhi angajwayelekile akhona emugqeni ngamunye (umphumela wokuphindwa kabili okuchazwe ekuqaleni).
c. Imiphumela yenkundla ye-76.6 km yefayibha. Ukulungiswa 50 GHz.
d. Umlaza wesignali [n-12] kulayini we-193.4 THz (1550.1 nm) we-polarizations emibili (X kanye no-Y). "I-Back-to-back" (B2B) ihambisana nesithumeli nesitholi esixhumeke ngokuqondile, "75 km in-lab fiber" ekuhlolweni kwaselabhorethri (b) kanye "no-76.6 km field fiber" ekuhlolweni kwenkambu (c).

In U-fig. 3 izifinyezo:

BER - izinga lephutha elincane - izinga lephutha elincane [n-13];
(kusukela kubukhulu be-vector yephutha [n-14]) — ibonisa ikhwalithi yesiginali.

03. Imiphumela

U-fig. 4. Izinga lephutha elincane (BER), ukusebenza kahle kwe-spectral nolwazi olujwayelekile oluhlanganisayo (GMI) [n-15] ekuhlolweni [l-1].

a. I-BER yomugqa ngamunye we-ridge. Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubonisa ukucushwa kwe-B2B, okubomvu kubonisa ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri, futhi okuluhlaza kubonisa ukuhlolwa kwenkambu. Umugqa wedeshi umele u-20% we-SD FEC ngokusekelwe kumakhodi e-LDPC. Umkhawulo we-FEC ukhethiwe ku . Ngemva kokudlulisela, kucatshangwa ukuthi awekho amaphutha kuzo zonke iziteshi.
b. I-GMI kanye nokuqina kwe-spectral kumugqa we-ridge ngamunye. I-GMI ibalwa ngokuhlukene emugqeni ngamunye ngemva kokuba usujwayeleke, okucabangela isilinganiso sesignali-kumsindo womlayezo owamukelwe. Imigqa ikhombisa u-10% no-20% wedatha eyeqile (OH). Ukusebenza kahle kwe-Spectral (SE) kubalwa kusukela ku-GMI kanye nesilinganiso sesilinganiso sophawu nesikhala sama-ridge. Njengoba i-GMI ithatha isignali ekahle, ibonisa umthamo omkhulu wolwazi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-BER. Kuchungechunge lwe-GMI (SE) lwe-B2B, amanani asukela ku-11.3 bps/symbol (10.6 bps/symbol/Hz) ukuya ku-10.9 bps/symbol (10.3 bps/symbol/Hz). Ngokudluliswa kwefayibha ezimeni zaselabhorethri, amanani (ngesiteshi ngasinye) ayesuka ku-11.0 bps/uphawu (10.4 bps/symbol/Hz) ukuya ku-10.7 bps/symbol (10.1 bps/symbol/Hz). Imiphumela efanayo yatholwa ezivivinyweni zasensimini.

In U-fig. 4 izifinyezo:

I-FEC - ukulungiswa kwephutha phambili - ukulungiswa kwephutha phambili [n-16];
I-SD FEC - isinqumo esithambile FEC;
I-LDPC - ikhodi yokuhlola izilinganiso eziphansi - ikhodi enokuhlolwa kokulingana kokuminyana okuphansi [n-17].

I-bitrate yensalela etholwe ekuhlolweni ilinganiselwa ku-44.2 Tb/s. Lapho iguqulelwa ku-bitrate efakwe ikhodi (ngokwengezwa kolwazi olungadingekile lokudluliswa kwedatha), leli nani lehla laya ku-40.1 Tb/s (ukucushwa kwe-B2B), 39.2 Tb/s (kulabhorethri) kanye no-39.0 Tb/s ("emkhakheni "). Lokhu kusho ukusebenza kahle kwe-spectral kuka-10.4, 10.2 kanye no-10.1 bps/Hz ngokulandelanayo.

Lo mphumela ucishe ube phezulu ngo-50% kunemiphumela etholwe kusetshenziswa idivayisi eyodwa ehlanganisiwe [l-3]. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenza kahle kwe-spectral kuphakeme izikhathi ezingu-3.7.

04. Ukuqhathanisa neminye imiphumela

I-bitrate yonke
I-bitrate efakwe ikhodi
Ukushintshashintsha kwezwi
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-Spectral
Sakaza
Umthombo

30.1 Tb/s
28.0 Tb/s
I-16 QAM
2.8 b/s/Hz
75 km SMF elabhorethri
[l-3]

4.8 Tb/s
4.4 Tb/s
I-64 QAM
1.1 b/s/Hz
80 km SMF elabhorethri
[l-4]

25.6 Tb/s
22.0 Tb/s
I-16 QAM
3.2 b/s/Hz
9.6 km, 30-core fibre optic
[l-5]

44.2 Tb/s
40.1 Tb/s
I-64 QAM
10.4 b/s/Hz
I-B2B (0 km)
Lokhu kushicilelwa

44.2 Tb/s
39.2 Tb/s
I-64 QAM
10.2 b/s/Hz
75 km SMF elabhorethri
Lokhu kushicilelwa

44.2 Tb/s
39.0 Tb/s
I-64 QAM
10.1 b/s/Hz
76.6 km SMF kulayini kamasipala okhona
Lokhu kushicilelwa

Ithebula 1. Ukuqhathaniswa kwemiphumela nokunye okushicilelwe.

05. Izixhumanisi eziwusizo

Izincwadi zesayensi

l-1. Ukudluliswa kwedatha ye-optical eminyene kakhulu ngefayibha ejwayelekile enomthombo we-chip eyodwa (OpenAccess)
l-2. Ama-Micro-combs: Isizukulwane esisha semithombo ye-optical (OpenAccess)
l-3 Ama-soliton asekelwe ku-Microresonator yokuxhumana okuhambisanayo okuhambisanayo okukhulu
l-4. Ukuxhumana okune-oda eliphezulu kusetshenziswa amacombs e-Kerr akhiyiwe emodi ekhiyiwe kusuka kuma-microresonators (OpenAccess)
l-5. Iwashi lewashi elibonakalayo le-Microresonator (OpenAccess)

Kungase kube usizo (Wikipedia)

n-1. Ikamu lokuvama
n-2. I-Soliton (i-optics)
n-3. Ukushintshwa kwe-quadrature amplitude (QAM)
n-4. Igagasi eliqhubekayo (Cw)
n-5. Ibanga le-spectral lamahhala (FSR)
n-6. Multiplexing
n-7. Ukushintsha okukhethayo kobude beza (WSS)
n-8. Ama-amplifiers ane-fiber ehlanganisiwe (DFA, EDFA)
n-9. Inani lesimpawu
n-10. Translations into Zulu
n-11. Imodi eyodwa ye-fiber optical (SMF)
n-12. Umdwebo womlaza
n-13. Izinga lephutha elincane (BER)
n-14. Iphutha ubukhulu bevekhtha
n-15. Multivariate ulwazi mutual (MMI, GMI)
n-16. Dlulisela phambili ukulungisa iphutha (FEC)
n-17. Ikhodi yokuhlola izilinganiso eziphansi (LDPC)

Futhi ngincoma ukubuka izixhumanisi kwamanye amarobhothi kule ndawo asetshenziswa ekushicilelweni [l-1].

06. Igama langemuva

Ukuzuza izinga lokudluliswa kwedatha elingu-44.2 Tb/s (ngisho noma ekusebenzeni kungu-39.0 Tb/s) kuyimpumelelo emangalisayo yesayensi yesimanje.

Futhi nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukuthi sikwazi ukukusebenzisa ekuphileni maduzane, ikhono lokudlulisa ukwaziswa ngesivinini esikhulu lingenye yezindawo ezimbalwa zesayensi ezingaphakamisi imibuzo phakathi kwabantu abavamile: “Kungani nikwenza lokhu?” noma “singakusebenzisa kanjani lokhu ekuphileni kwethu?”

Ngethemba ukuthi ukuthole kuyathakazelisa. Ngiyabonga ukulalela kwenu!

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