Izindlela Ezi-5 Eziwusizo Zokusebenzisa I-Raspberry Pi Yakho

Sawubona Habr.

Cishe wonke umuntu une-Raspberry Pi ekhaya, futhi ngingazama ukuqagela ukuthi abaningi banayo ilele ingenzi lutho. Kodwa i-raspberry ayiyona nje uboya obuyigugu, kodwa futhi ikhompyutha enamandla engenabalandeli ene-Linux. Namuhla sizobheka izici eziwusizo ze-Raspberry Pi, okungadingeki ukuthi ubhale ikhodi nhlobo.

Kulabo abanentshisekelo, imininingwane ingaphansi kokunqunywa. Isihloko senzelwe abasaqalayo.

Ukubhala: Le ndatshana ihloselwe abasaqalayo abanokuqonda okungenani okuyisisekelo kokuthi liyini ikheli le-IP, indlela yokufaka i-SSH ku-Raspberry Pi usebenzisa i-putty nanoma iyiphi enye i-terminal, nokuthi ungawahlela kanjani amafayela ngomhleli we-nano. Njengokuhlolwa, kulokhu ngeke "ngilayishe" abafundi ngekhodi yePython, ngeke kube khona ukuhlela nhlobo. Kukho konke okulandelayo, umugqa womyalo kuphela oyokwanela. Ingakanani ifomethi enjalo edingekayo, ngizobheka izilinganiso zombhalo.

Yebo, ngeke ngicabangele izinto ezisobala kakhulu njengeseva ye-FTP noma amabhola enethiwekhi. Ngezansi ngizamile ukugqamisa okuthile okungasebenziseka noma okuncane futhi okwangempela.

Ngaphambi kokufaka noma yini, kubalulekile izeluleko: ukunikezwa kwamandla okulungile (okungcono kunegama elithi 2.5A, esikhundleni sokushajwa ngaphandle kwegama ocingweni) kanye ne-heatsink yephrosesa kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kwe-Raspberry Pi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-Raspberry ingase iqhwa, amaphutha ekhophi yefayela angase avele, njll. Ubuqili bamaphutha anjalo ukuthi avela ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela, isibonelo, phakathi nomthwalo we-CPU ophezulu noma lapho amafayela amakhulu ebhalwa ekhadini le-SD.

Ngaphambi kokufaka noma yiziphi izingxenye, kuhle ukuthi ubuyekeze uhlelo, ngaphandle kwalokho amakheli amadala womyalo we-apt angase angasebenzi:

sudo apt-get update

Manje ungaqala ukufaka nokulungisa.

1. I-WiFi hotspot

I-Raspberry Pi kulula ukuyishintsha ibe indawo yokufinyelela engenantambo, futhi akudingeki uthenge noma yini, i-WiFi isivele igibele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukufaka izingxenye ezi-2: i-hostapd (i-daemon yendawo yokungena, isevisi yendawo yokufinyelela) kanye ne-dnsmasq (iseva ye-DNS / DHCP).

Faka i-dnsmasq ne-hostapd:

sudo apt-get install dnsmasq hostapd

Setha ikheli le-IP elimile i-Raspberry Pi ezoba nalo kunethiwekhi ye-WiFi. Ukwenza lokhu, hlela ifayela elithi dhcpcd.conf ngokufaka umyalo sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf. Udinga ukwengeza imigqa elandelayo kufayela:

interface wlan0
  static ip_address=198.51.100.100/24
  nohook wpa_supplicant

Njengoba ubona, kunethiwekhi ye-WiFi, i-Raspberry Pi yethu izoba nekheli elithi 198.51.100.100 (lokhu kubalulekile ukukhumbula uma iseva ethile isebenza kuyo, ikheli elizodinga ukufakwa esipheqululini).

Okulandelayo, kufanele senze kusebenze ukudluliselwa kwe-IP, lapho senza khona umyalo sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf bese ukhulula umugqa net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1.

Manje udinga ukumisa iseva ye-DHCP - izosabalalisa amakheli e-IP kumadivayisi axhunyiwe. Sifaka umyalo sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf bese wengeza imigqa elandelayo:

interface=wlan0
dhcp-range=198.51.100.1,198.51.100.99,255.255.255.0,24h

Njengoba ubona, amadivayisi axhunyiwe azoba namakheli e-IP ebangeni elithi 198.51.100.1… 198.51.100.99.

Ekugcineni, sekuyisikhathi sokusetha i-Wi-Fi. Ukuhlela ifayela /etc/default/hostapd bese ufaka ulayini lapho DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf". Manje ake sihlele ifayela le-hostapd.conf ngokufaka umyalo sudo nano /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf.
Faka izilungiselelo zephoyinti lokufinyelela:

interface=wlan0
driver=nl80211
ssid=Raspberry Pi
hw_mode=g
channel=7
wmm_enabled=0
macaddr_acl=0
auth_algs=1
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
wpa=2
wpa_passphrase=12345678
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP

Lapha kubalulekile ukunaka imingcele "ssid" (igama lephoyinti lokufinyelela), "wpa_passphrase" (iphasiwedi), "isiteshi" (inombolo yesiteshi) kanye ne "hw_mode" (imodi yokusebenza, a = IEEE 802.11a, 5 GHz, b = IEEE 802.11 b, 2.4 GHz, g = IEEE 802.11g, 2.4 GHz). Ngeshwa, akukho ukukhethwa kwesiteshi okuzenzakalelayo, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka ukhethe ishaneli ye-WiFi ematasa kakhulu ngokwakho.

ezibalulekile: kuleli cala lokuhlola, iphasiwedi ithi 12345678, endaweni yokufinyelela yangempela, udinga ukusebenzisa into eyinkimbinkimbi. Kunezinhlelo eziphoqelela amagama ayimfihlo e-brute-force kusetshenziswa isichazamazwi, futhi indawo yokufinyelela ene-password elula ingagetshengwa. Nokho, ukwabelana nge-inthanethi nabantu bangaphandle ngaphansi kwemithetho yesimanje kungase kubi.

Konke sekumi ngomumo, ungavula zonke izinkonzo.

sudo systemctl unmask hostapd
sudo systemctl enable hostapd
sudo systemctl start hostapd
sudo systemctl reload dnsmasq

Manje kufanele sibone i-WiFi hotspot entsha ohlwini lwamanethiwekhi. Kepha ukuze i-Intanethi ibonakale kuyo, kuyadingeka ukwenza kusebenze ukuqondisa kabusha kwephakethe kusuka ku-Ethernet kuye ku-WLAN, lapho sifaka khona umyalo. sudo nano /etc/rc.local bese wengeza umugqa wokumisa we-iptables:

sudo iptables -t nat -A  POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

Yilokho kuphela. Siqala kabusha i-Raspberry Pi, futhi uma konke kwenziwa kahle, singabona indawo yokufinyelela futhi sixhume kuyo.

Njengoba ubona, ijubane alilibi kangako, futhi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa i-WiFi enjalo.

Ngendlela, encane izeluleko: Ungashintsha igama lenethiwekhi ye-Raspberry Pi ngokusebenzisa umyalo Sudo raspi-config. Izenzakalela ku-(ngokumangazayo:) i-raspberrypi. Lokhu cishe ulwazi oluvamile. Nokho, akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi leli gama liyatholakala nakunethiwekhi yendawo, kodwa udinga ukungeza ".local" kulo. Isibonelo, ungangena ku-Raspberry Pi yakho nge-SSH ngokufaka umyalo i-putty [i-imeyili ivikelwe]. Yiqiniso, kune-caveat eyodwa: lokhu kusebenza ku-Windows ne-Linux, kodwa akusebenzi ku-Android - kusafanele ufake ikheli le-IP ngesandla lapho.

2. Iseva yemidiya

Kunezindlela eziyi-1001 zokwenza iseva yemidiya ku-Raspberry Pi, ngizofaka eyodwa elula kuphela. Ake sithi sineqoqo eliyintandokazi lamafayela e-MP3 futhi sifuna ukuthi litholakale kunethiwekhi yendawo kuwo wonke amadivaysi emidiya. Sizobeka iseva ye-MiniDLNA ku-Raspberry Pi engasenzela lokhu.

Ukufaka, faka umyalo sudo apt-get ukufaka minidlna. Khona-ke udinga ukumisa i-config ngokufaka umyalo sudo nano /etc/minidlna.conf. Lapho udinga ukwengeza umugqa owodwa kuphela okhombisa indlela eya kumafayela ethu: media_dir=/home/pi/MP3 (Yebo, indlela ingase yehluke). Ngemva kokuvala ifayela, qala kabusha isevisi:

I-sudo systemctl iqala kabusha i-minidlna

Uma senze konke kahle, sizoba nesiphakeli semidiya esenziwe ngomumo kunethiwekhi yendawo lapho ongadlala khona umculo ngomsakazo we-WiFi wedeskithophu noma nge-VLC-Player ku-Android:

Ithiphu: Ukulayisha amafayela ku-Raspberry Pi kulula kakhulu nge-WinSCP - lolu hlelo lukuvumela ukuthi usebenze namafolda e-RPi kalula njengawasendaweni.

3. Umamukeli we-SDR

Uma sinesitholi se-RTL-SDR noma i-SDRPlay, singasisebenzisa ku-Raspberry Pi sisebenzisa uhlelo lwe-GQRX noma lwe-CubicSDR. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ube nesamukeli se-SDR esizimele nesithule esingasebenza ubusuku nemini.

Ngiyaxolisa ngekhwalithi yesithombe-skrini esivela kusikrini se-TV:

Ngosizo lwe-RTL-SDR noma i-SDRPlay, kungenzeka ukuthola amasignali omsakazo ahlukahlukene ngemvamisa efika ku-1 GHz (ngisho nangaphezulu kancane). Isibonelo, awukwazi ukulalela kuphela umsakazo we-FM ojwayelekile, kodwa futhi nezingxoxo zabashayeli bezindiza noma ezinye izinsizakalo. Phela, izimfundamakhwela zomsakazo ngosizo lwe-Raspberry Pi zingathola, zihlukanise futhi zithumele amasignali kuseva. I-WSPR nezinye izindlela zedijithali.

Ingxoxo enemininingwane yomsakazo we-SDR ingaphezu kobubanzi balesi sihloko, ungafunda kabanzi lapha.

4. Iseva ye-"smart home"

Kulabo abafuna ukwenza ikhaya labo lihlakaniphe, ungasebenzisa uhlelo lwamahhala lwe-OpenHAB.

Lokhu akulona ngisho uhlelo nje, kodwa uhlaka lonke olunama-plugin ahlukahlukene, imibhalo evumela ukuthi ulawule amadivayisi ahlukahlukene (Z-Wave, Philips Hue, njll.). Abafisayo bangafunda kabanzi off.site https://www.openhab.org.

Phela, njengoba sikhuluma "ngekhaya elihlakaniphile", i-Raspberry Pi ingase isebenzise iseva ye-MQTT engasetshenziswa amadivayisi ahlukahlukene wendawo.

5. Iklayenti leFlightRadar24

Uma ungumuntu othanda ukuhamba ngezindiza futhi uhlala endaweni lapho ukufakwa kweFlightRadar kungalungile, ungasiza umphakathi nabo bonke abahambi ngokufaka isamukeli. Okudingayo kuphela isamukeli se-RTL-SDR kanye ne-Raspberry Pi. Njengebhonasi, uzothola ukufinyelela kwamahhala ku-akhawunti ye-FlightRadar24 Pro.

Imiyalo enemininingwane isivele ishicilelwe ngoHabr.

isiphetho

Yiqiniso, akuzona zonke izinto ezibalwe lapha. I-Raspberry Pi inamandla amaningi okucubungula futhi ingasetshenziswa emisebenzini eyahlukene, kusukela kukhonsoli yegeyimu ye-retro noma ukubhekwa kwevidiyo, kuya ekuqashelweni kwepuleti lelayisense, noma ngisho njengesevisi yesayensi yezinkanyezi. amakhamera wesibhakabhaka sonke ukubuka ama-meteors.

Ngendlela, okubhaliwe akubalulekile kuphela ku-Raspberry Pi, kodwa futhi "nama-clones" ahlukahlukene (i-Asus Tinkerboard, i-Nano Pi, njll.), zonke izinhlelo zizosebenza lapho futhi.

Uma izethameli zinentshisekelo (okuzonqunywa izilinganiso zendatshana), isihloko singaqhutshekwa.

Futhi njengenjwayelo, inhlanhla kuwo wonke umuntu.

Source: www.habr.com