Ngikholwa ukuthi sonke siya endaweni yokudlela nabangani noma nozakwethu. Futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esijabulisayo, uweta uletha isheke. Inkinga ingaxazululwa ngezindlela eziningi:
- Indlela yokuqala, "ubumnene". I-10-15% "ithiphu" ku-weta yengezwa enanini lesheke, futhi inani eliwumphumela lihlukaniswa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwabo bonke abesilisa.
- Indlela yesibili “i-socialist”. Isheke lihlukaniselwe wonke umuntu ngokulinganayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi badle futhi baphuze kangakanani.
- Indlela yesithathu “ilungile”. Wonke umuntu uvula umshini wokubala ocingweni lwakhe futhi aqale ukubala izindleko zezitsha zakhe kanye nenani elithile “lethiphu”, futhi umuntu ngamunye.
Isimo sokudlela sifana kakhulu nesimo ngezindleko ze-IT ezinkampanini. Kulo mbhalo sizokhuluma ngokusatshalaliswa kwezindleko phakathi kweminyango.
Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi singene kwalasha we-IT, ake sibuyele esibonelweni sokudlela. Indlela ngayinye kulezi ezingenhla "yokwabiwa kwezindleko" inobuhle nebubi. Ububi obusobala bendlela yesibili: umuntu angadla isaladi likaKhesari wemifino ngaphandle kwenkukhu, kanti omunye angadla i-ribeye steak, ngakho amanani angahluka kakhulu. Ububi bendlela “yobulungiswa” ukuthi inqubo yokubala yinde kakhulu, futhi inani lemali eliphelele lihlala lingaphansi kwalokho okuseshekeni. Isimo esivamile?
Manje ake sicabange ukuthi besizijabulisa endaweni yokudlela e-China, futhi isheke lalethwa ngesiShayina. Konke okusobala kukhona inani. Nakuba abanye bengase basole ukuthi lokhu akulona nhlobo inani, kodwa usuku lwamanje. Noma, ake sithi lokhu kwenzeka kwa-Israyeli. Bafunda ukusuka kwesokudla ukuya kwesobunxele, kodwa babhala kanjani izinombolo? Ubani ongaphendula ngaphandle kwe-Google?
Kungani kudingeka isabelo se-IT nebhizinisi?
Ngakho-ke, umnyango we-IT uhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo kuzo zonke izigaba zenkampani, futhi empeleni uthengisa izinsizakalo zawo ezigabeni zamabhizinisi. Futhi, nakuba kungase kungabi khona ubudlelwano obusemthethweni bezezimali phakathi kweminyango enkampanini, iyunithi ngayinye yebhizinisi kufanele okungenani iqonde ukuthi ichitha malini ku-IT, kubiza malini ukwethula imikhiqizo emisha, ukuhlola imizamo emisha, njll. Kusobala ukuthi ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kanye nokwandiswa kwengqalasizinda akukhokhwa yinganekwane “yesimanjemanje, umvikeli wabadidiyeli bohlelo nabakhiqizi bemishini,” kodwa ngebhizinisi, okufanele liqonde ukusebenza kwalezi zindleko.
Amayunithi ebhizinisi ayahluka ngosayizi kanye nokuqina kokusetshenziswa kwawo kwezinsiza ze-IT. Ngakho, ukwehlukanisa izindleko zokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda ye-IT ngokulinganayo phakathi kweminyango kuyindlela yesibili enabo bonke ububi bayo. Indlela "efanelekile" ingcono kakhulu kulokhu, kodwa idinga abasebenzi kakhulu. Inketho ekahle kakhulu ibonakala iwukhetho "olufanelekile", lapho izindleko zingabelwanga ipeni, kodwa ngokunemba okuthile, njengoba nje kuyijiyomethri yesikole sisebenzisa inombolo ethi π njengo-3,14, hhayi lonke ukulandelana kwezinombolo. ngemva kwephoyinti ledesimali.
Ukulinganisa izindleko zezinsizakalo ze-IT kusiza kakhulu ekubambeni ngengqalasizinda ye-IT eyodwa lapho kuhlanganiswa noma kuhlukaniswa ingxenye yokubamba ibe isakhiwo esihlukile. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubale ngokushesha izindleko zezinsizakalo ze-IT ukuze ucabangele la manani lapho uhlela. Futhi, ukuqonda izindleko zezinsizakalo ze-IT kusiza ukuqhathanisa izinketho ezihlukene zokusebenzisa nokuba ngumnikazi wezinsiza ze-IT. Lapho amadoda agqoke amasudi ezinkulungwane zamadola ekhuluma ngokuthi umkhiqizo wabo ungazandisa kanjani izindleko ze-IT, andise lokho okudingeka kunyuswe, futhi anciphise lokho okudingeka kuncishiswe, ukuhlola izindleko zamanje zezinsizakalo ze-IT kuvumela i-CIO ukuthi ingathembeli ngokungaboni izithembiso zokumaketha. , kodwa ukuhlola ngokunembile umphumela olindelekile nokulawula imiphumela.
Ebhizinisini, ukwabiwa yithuba lokuqonda izindleko zezinsizakalo ze-IT kusengaphambili. Noma iyiphi imfuneko yebhizinisi ayihlolwa njengokwenyuka kwesabelomali se-IT sisonke ngamaphesenti amaningi kangaka, kodwa inqunywa njengenani lemfuneko ethile noma isevisi.
Icala langempela
"Ubuhlungu" obuyinhloko be-CIO yenkampani enkulu kwakuwukuthi kwakudingeka ukuqonda indlela yokusabalalisa izindleko phakathi kwamayunithi ebhizinisi futhi unikeze ukubamba iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwe-IT ngokulingana nokusetshenziswa.
Njengesixazululo, sithuthukise umshini wokubala wezinsizakalo ze-IT okwazile ukwaba izindleko eziphelele ze-IT kuqala kumasevisi e-IT bese kuba amayunithi ebhizinisi.
Empeleni kunemisebenzi emibili: bala izindleko zesevisi ye-IT futhi usabalalise izindleko phakathi kwamayunithi ebhizinisi asebenzisa le sevisi ngokuya ngamashayeli athile (indlela “ye-quasi-fair”).
Uma uthi nhlá, lokhu kungase kubukeke kulula uma, kusukela ekuqaleni, izinsizakalo ze-IT zichazwe kahle, ulwazi lwafakwa kusizindalwazi sokucushwa kwe-CMDB kanye nohlelo lokuphathwa kwempahla ye-IT lwe-ITAM, kwakhiwa amamodeli wezinsiza kanye nesevisi kanye nekhathalogi yezinsizakalo ze-IT. ithuthukisiwe. Ngempela, kulokhu, kunoma iyiphi isevisi ye-IT kungenzeka ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izinsiza ezisebenzisayo nokuthi lezi zinsiza zibiza malini, kucatshangelwa ukwehla kwenani. Kodwa sibhekene nebhizinisi elivamile laseRussia, futhi lokhu kubeka imingcele ethile. Ngakho-ke, ayikho i-CMDB ne-ITAM, kukhona ikhathalogi yezinsizakalo ze-IT kuphela. Isevisi ngayinye ye-IT ngokuvamile imele isistimu yolwazi, ukufinyelela kuyo, ukusekelwa kwabasebenzisi, njll. Isevisi ye-IT isebenzisa izinsizakalo zengqalasizinda ezifana nokuthi “Iseva ye-DB”, “Iseva Yohlelo Lokusebenza”, “Uhlelo Lwesitoreji Sedatha”, “Inethiwekhi Yedatha”, njll. Ngokufanelekile, ukuxazulula imisebenzi eyabelwe kuyadingeka:
- ukunquma izindleko zemisebenzi yengqalasizinda;
- ukusabalalisa izindleko zezinsizakalo zengqalasizinda kumasevisi we-IT futhi ubale izindleko zazo;
- nquma abashayeli (ama-coefficients) okusabalalisa izindleko zezinsizakalo ze-IT kumayunithi ebhizinisi futhi banikeze izindleko zezinsizakalo ze-IT kumayunithi ebhizinisi, ngaleyo ndlela kusatshalaliswa inani lezindleko zomnyango we-IT phakathi kwezinye izigaba zenkampani.
Zonke izindleko ze-IT zonyaka zingamelwa njengesikhwama semali. Esinye salesi sikhwama sachithwa ezintweni zokusebenza, umsebenzi wokufuduka, ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje, amalayisensi, ukwesekwa, amaholo abasebenzi, njll. Nokho, inkimbinkimbi ilele enqubweni yokubalwa kwezimali yokubalwa kwezimpahla ezingashintshi nezimpahla ezingaphatheki ku-IT.
Ake sithathe isibonelo sephrojekthi yokwenza ingqalasizinda ye-SAP ibe yesimanje. Njengengxenye yephrojekthi, kuthengwa imishini namalayisensi, futhi umsebenzi wenziwa ngosizo lomdidiyeli wesistimu. Lapho uvala iphrojekthi, umphathi kufanele enze amaphepha ukuze izinto zokubala zifakwe ezimpahleni ezingaguquki, amalayisense afakwe ezimpahleni ezingaphatheki, futhi omunye umsebenzi wokuklama kanye nokuthunywa ucinywe njengezindleko ezihlehlisiwe. Inombolo yenkinga yokuqala: lapho ubhalisa njengempahla engashintshi, i-accountant yekhasimende ayinandaba ukuthi izobizwa ngani. Ngakho-ke, ezimpahleni ezingashintshi sithola ifa elithi “UpgradeSAPandMigration”. Uma, njengengxenye yephrojekthi, i-disk array yenziwe yesimanje, engahlangene ne-SAP, lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusesha kwezindleko kanye nokwabiwa okwengeziwe. Eqinisweni, noma iyiphi imishini ingafihlwa ngemuva kwefa le-“UpgradeSAPandMigration”, futhi lapho isikhathi esiningi sidlula, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi yini ngempela eyathengwa lapho.
Okufanayo kusebenza ezimpahleni ezingaphatheki, ezinefomula yokubala eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ubunkimbinkimbi obengeziwe bunezelwa yiqiniso lokuthi isikhathi sokuqala imishini nokuyibeka eshidini lebhalansi singase sihluke cishe ngonyaka. Futhi, ukwehla kwenani iminyaka emi-5, kodwa empeleni okokusebenza kungasebenza ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi, kuye ngezimo.
Ngakho-ke, ngokwengqondo kungenzeka ukubala izindleko zezinsizakalo ze-IT ngokunemba kwe-100%, kodwa ekusebenzeni lokhu kuwumsebenzi omude futhi ongenalutho. Ngakho-ke, sikhethe indlela elula: izindleko ezingabalelwa kalula kunoma iyiphi ingqalasizinda noma isevisi ye-IT zibhekiselwa kusevisi ehambisanayo. Izindleko ezisele zisakazwa phakathi kwezinsizakalo ze-IT ngokwemithetho ethile. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole ukunemba okungaba ngu-85%, okwanele.
Esigabeni sokuqala Ukusabalalisa izindleko zezinsizakalo zengqalasizinda, imibiko yezezimali neyokubalwa kwezimali yamaphrojekthi we-IT kanye “nokuzinikela okuzwakalayo” kusetshenziswa ezimeni lapho kungenakwenzeka khona ukubalula izindleko kunoma iyiphi insiza yengqalasizinda. Izindleko zabelwa ngokuqondile izinsiza ze-IT noma ezinsizeni zengqalasizinda. Njengomphumela wokusatshalaliswa kwezindleko zonyaka, sithola inani lezindleko zesevisi ngayinye yengqalasizinda.
Esigabeni sesibili ama-coefficients okusabalalisa phakathi kwamasevisi e-IT anqunywa kumasevisi engqalasizinda afana nokuthi “Iseva Yohlelo Lokusebenza”, “Iseva Yesizindalwazi”, “Isitoreji Sedatha”, njll. Ezinye izinsiza zengqalasizinda, isibonelo, “Izindawo zokusebenza”, “ukufinyelela ku-Wi-Fi”, “Inkomfa ngevidiyo” azisatshalaliswa phakathi kwezinsizakalo ze-IT futhi zinikezwa ngokuqondile kumayunithi ebhizinisi.
Kulesi sigaba ubumnandi buqala. Njengesibonelo, cabangela isevisi yengqalasizinda njengokuthi “Amaseva Wohlelo Lokusebenza”. Ikhona cishe kuyo yonke isevisi ye-IT, ezakhiweni ezimbili zezakhiwo, kanye nangaphandle kwe-virtualization, ngokuphinda futhi ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda. Indlela elula ukwaba izindleko ngokulingana nama-cores asetshenzisiwe. Ukuze sibale "ama-parrots afanayo" futhi singaphambanisi ama-cores aphathekayo nalawo abonakalayo, kucatshangelwa ukubhalisa ngokweqile, sicabanga ukuthi umongo owodwa ulingana nama-virtual amathathu. Bese ifomula yokusabalalisa izindleko yesevisi yengqalasizinda "Yeseva Yohlelo" yesevisi ngayinye ye-IT izobukeka kanje:
,
lapho i-Rsp iyinani eliphelele lesevisi yengqalasizinda “Yeseva Yohlelo Lokusebenza”, futhi i-Kx86 ne-Kr zingama-coefficients abonisa isabelo samaseva e-x86 kanye nochungechunge lwe-P.
Ama-coefficients anqunywa ngokomlando ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwengqalasizinda ye-IT. Izindleko zesofthiwe yeqoqo, isofthiwe ye-virtualization, izinhlelo zokusebenza nesofthiwe yohlelo lokusebenza ibalwa njengezinsizakalo ezihlukene zengqalasizinda.
Ake sithathe isibonelo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Isevisi yengqalasizinda “Amaseva Wesizindalwazi”. Kuhlanganisa izindleko zehadiwe kanye nezindleko zamalayisensi esizindalwazi. Ngakho-ke, izindleko zemishini namalayisensi zingavezwa kufomula:
lapho i-РHW ne-РLIC kuyinani eliphelele lezindleko zemishini kanye nenani eliphelele lezindleko zamalayisensi esizindalwazi, ngokulandelana, futhi i-KHW ne-KLIC zingama-coefficients anamandla anquma isabelo sezindleko zehadiwe namalayisensi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, nge-hardware kufana nesibonelo sangaphambilini, kodwa ngamalayisense isimo sinzima kakhulu. Indawo yenkampani ingase isebenzise izinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zolwazi, njenge-Oracle, i-MSSQL, i-Postgres, njll. Ngakho-ke, ifomula yokubala ukwabiwa kwedatha ethile, isibonelo, i-MSSQL, kusevisi ethile ibonakala kanje:
lapho i-KMSSQL iyi-coefficient enquma isabelo salesi sizindalwazi esimweni se-IT senkampani.
Isimo siyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu ngokubala kanye nokwabiwa kwesistimu yokugcina idatha nabakhiqizi abahlukene abahlukene kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamadiski. Kodwa incazelo yale ngxenye iyisihloko sokuthunyelwe okuhlukile.
Yini ekugcineni?
Umphumela walo msebenzi ungase ube i-Excel calculator noma ithuluzi elizenzakalelayo. Konke kuncike ekuvuthweni kwenkampani, izinqubo eziqalisiwe, izixazululo eziqalisiwe kanye nesifiso sokuphatha. Isibali esinjalo noma ukumelwa okubonakalayo kwedatha kusiza ekusabalaliseni kahle izindleko phakathi kwamayunithi ebhizinisi futhi kubonise ukuthi isabelomali se-IT sabiwe kanjani futhi nini. Ithuluzi elifanayo lingabonisa kalula ukuthi ukuthuthukisa ukwethembeka kwesevisi (ukuphelelwa yisikhathi) kwandisa izindleko zayo, hhayi ngezindleko zeseva, kodwa ngokucabangela zonke izindleko ezihambisanayo. Lokhu kuvumela ibhizinisi kanye ne-CIO ukuthi "badlale ebhodini elifanayo" ngemithetho efanayo. Lapho uhlela imikhiqizo emisha, izindleko zingabalwa kusenesikhathi futhi kuhlolwe ukuthi kungenzeka yini.
U-Igor Tyukachev, umeluleki kwaJet Infosystems
Source: www.habr.com