Inkampani yaseCalifornia yethule iphrosesa yokuqala yeseva ye-ARM engu-80-core esekelwe ekwakhiweni kwe-64-bit .
Sekuyiminyaka eminingana manje, ochwepheshe bebebikezela ukuthi inkundla ye-ARM izoqhudelana ne-x86 ezikhungweni zedatha, kodwa lokhu akwenzeki. Ekupheleni kuka-2019 lapho , i-AMD ine-4,5%.
Nokho, iphrosesa entsha ye-ARM kubhentshimakhi ephelele ye-SPECrate 2017 ibonisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kune-AMD EPYC eshesha kakhulu engu-64-core noma i-Xeon engu-28-core ephezulu yomndeni we-Cascade Lake. Lesi sekuyisimangalo esibucayi (yize imiphumela yokuma βisontekileβ kancane, bheka ngezansi).
Inzuzo enkulu ye-ARM ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, okuyinto, ngokwencazelo, engakwazi ukufaniswa namaphrosesa we-x86 ngenxa yezakhiwo. I-80-core Ampere Altra ine-TDP engu-45-210 W kanye nesivinini sewashi esingu-3 GHz.
U-Ampere ukholelwa ukuthi umucu owodwa ngomgogodla ngamunye esikhundleni sokubili kuholela ekuvikelekeni okukhulu ngoba lo mklamo uvikela kangcono ama-cores angawodwana ekuhlaselweni kwesiteshi eseceleni njenge-Meltdown ne-Specter.
Iphrosesa yakhelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza zeseva ezifana nokuhlaziya idatha, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, isizindalwazi, isitoreji, izitaki ze-telecom, i-edge computing, ukusingathwa kwewebhu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zamafu. Ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokufunda zomshini, ukusekelwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ze-FP16 (izinombolo zokunemba uhhafu) kanye ne-INT8 (ukumelwa kwenombolo yebhayithi eyodwa) kusetshenziswe amafomethi wedatha. Kukhona futhi ukusheshisa kwehadiwe kwe-AES ne-SHA-256 hashing.
Ama-chips akhiqizwa embonini ye-TSMC kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe benqubo ye-7 nm. Amasampula okuqala e-CPU asethunyelwe kumakhasimende angaba khona, futhi ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kuhlelwe ukuthi kuqale maphakathi no-2020.
I-CEO ye-Ampere kanye noMongameli wangaphambili we-Intel u-RenΓ©e James basungula i-Ampere Computing ngo-Okthoba 2017 esisekelweni se-Applied Micro Circuits Corporation (1979-2017), ephinde yakha ama-processors e-ARM. Ikakhulukazi, ngo-2011 yethula inkundla ye-X-Gene engu-64-bit esekelwe ku-ARMv8-A.
Njengamanje uJames uhlanganisa izikhundla ze-CEO kanye noSihlalo Webhodi Labaqondisi be-Ampere Computing kanye nesikhundla sePhini LikaSihlalo weKomidi Likazwelonke Lokweluleka Ngezokuphepha Kwezokuxhumana, eliluleka uMongameli wase-United States.
Ngiyazibuza ukuthi uzophumelela kangakanani umzamo omusha wokuletha ama-ARM processors emakethe yeseva.
"Sikhiphe iphrosesa enenani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-cores emakethe," UJames. βManje sesiyithumele [ukuyohlolwa] kwabanye abahlinzeki abakhulu bamafu embonini... Ngicabanga ukuthi abantu bazomangala. [Ubuchwepheshe bangaphambili] buhlala buthathelwa indawo into entsha. Futhi uma kungenjalo kusukela enkampanini ekhona, bese kusuka kwentsha. Kuyajabulisa kakhulu ukusebenza kulokho engikubona njengesigaba esilandelayo kulo mkhakha."
Kube nezinkulumo eziningi mayelana nama-chips eseva ye-64-bit ARM eminyakeni edlule, lapho i-AMD kanye ne-Applied Micro eshiwo ngenhla bezama ukukhiqiza amaphrosesa afanayo. Kodwa lezi zinkampani zehlulekile. I-AMD ivale iphrojekthi yayo ye-ARM, kanye nezimpahla ze-Applied Micro Inkampani ye-Macom. Ngo-2017, iCarlyle Group yathenga isigaba sayo se-ARM processor. Isivumelwano savalwa ekupheleni kuka-2019, futhi uJames wathatha isikhundla sokuba yi-CEO yenkampani entsha, eshiya isikhundla sakhe njenge-COO eCarlyle Group.
Amapulatifomu amabili eseva ye-Ampere: Mt. Jade futhi Mt. Isithwathwa
Ama-cores anentambo eyodwa ye-Ampere Altra kanye "namaseva aminyene, asebenza kahle" angakhiwa kulawa ma-CPU azovumela amakhasimende ukuthi "andise inani lezinsizakalo angazisebenzisa efwini," kusho inkampani.
Iphrosesa ye-Ampere Altra isuselwe endaweni yesikhulumi . Impendulo enhle ngamaseva amasha yamukelwe konjiniyela bakwaMicrosoft Azure, Oracle, Canonical, VMware, Kinvolk, Packet, Lenovo, Gigabyte, Wiwynn kanye neMicron, bonke abakhonjwe ekukhululweni kwabezindaba.
Iseva ye-Mt. I-Jade yamaphrosesa amabili (ama-cores angu-160): ukuhlaziya idatha, isizindalwazi, iwebhu
Le nkampani ithi isofthiwe isilungele ukusebenza ne-Ampere Altra: "Into enkulu okwamanje ukuthi uma ubheka zonke izendlalelo, ungqimba lwe-OS, yonke into kusukela ku-Linux kuya ku-BSD kuya ku-Windows yonke isekela i-ARM," kusho uJeff Wittich. , Iphini Likamongameli Omkhulu Wemikhiqizo e-Ampere. - Ngokwenza izinto ezibonakalayo, sisekelwa i-Kubernetes, i-Docker, i-VMware ne-KBM. Konke kusekelwa lapho. Ezingeni lesicelo, yonke into esebenza efwini namuhla isivele isebenza lapha. β
Iseva ye-Mt. Iqhwa ku-processor eyodwa: i-edge computing, izinsizakalo zokuxhumana ngocingo, iwebhu, ukugcinwa kwedatha
Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
- Iprosesa yesistimu engaphansi
- 80 ARM v8.2+ 64-bit cores avalwe ukufika ku-3,0 GHz nge-Sustained Turbo, yengeza ukuthuthukiswa okuthile kusuka ku-ARM v8.3 kanye ne-v8.4
- 1 KB L64 I-cache, 1 KB L64 D-cache ngomongo ngamunye, 2 MB L1 inqolobane ngomongo ngamunye, 32 MB eyabelwe ileveli yezinga lesistimu (SLC)
- Ububanzi obuphindwe kabili (128-bit) ukusakaza kweziyalezo ze-SIMD (Imiyalo Eyodwa, Idatha Eningi)
- Ukuxhumana okuhambisanayo kunethiwekhi yemeshi
- Inkumbulo yesistimu
- 8x 72-bit DDR4-3200 iziteshi
- I-ECC, i-ECC esekelwe kuphawu, i-DDR4 RAS
- Kufika kuma-DIMM angu-16 no-4 TB isokhethi ngalinye
- Izinsiza zesistimu
- Ukuphazamiseka okuphelele kwe-virtualization (GICv3)
- Ukwenziwa ngokoqobo kwe-I/O (SMMUv3)
- Isigaba seseva yebhizinisi i-RAS (Ukuthembeka, Ukutholakala, Ukusevisa) ukwethembeka
- Inethiwekhi
- 128 PCIe Gen4 imizila
- 8 x8 PCIe + 4 x16 PCIe/CCIX esekelwa Imodi Yesivinini Esandisiwe (ESM) yokudlulisa idatha ngo-20/25 GT/s (gigatransactions ngomzuzwana)
- 48 ukusekela ukuxhumana okungafika ku-32 x2
- Imigqa engu-192 ekucushweni kwe-2P
- Ukusekelwa kwamasokhethi amaningi
- 4 imigqa x16 CCIX
- 128 PCIe Gen4 imizila
- Umzila wokushisa - kusuka ku-0Β°C kuya ku-+90Β°C
- ΠΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- CPU: 0,80 V, DDR4: 1,2 V
- I/O: 3,3V/1,8V, SerDes PLL: 1,8V
- Ukuphathwa kwamandla - Isilinganiso esinamandla, i-Turbo Gen2, ukuvikelwa kwe-undervoltage
- Izindlu - 4926-pin FCLGA
- Manufacturing - Ubuchwepheshe be-FinFET 7 nm
Izilinganiso
UJeff Wittich uthi iphrosesa ye-Ampere yenza kangcono ngo-4% kunephrosesa ye-EPYC eshesha kakhulu ye-AMD kumabhentshimakhi futhi idla amandla angaphansi ngo-14%. Sikhuluma ngeprosesa ye-EPYC engama-64
7742 nge-TDP engu-225 W kanye nezindleko zama-$6950. Lona unamandla kakhulu emndenini wokucubungula we-EPYC 2 okusekelwe ku-Zen 2 microarchitecture. Umndeni wethulwa ngo-Agasti 2019.
U-Wittich uphinde waqhathanisa ne-28-core Xeon processor yomndeni weCascade Lake. Iphrosesa ye-Ampere Altra iyenze yasebenza kahle kakhulu "ngezikhathi ezingu-2,23 ekusebenzeni kanye nezikhathi ezingu-2,11 ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla." Lapha ukusebenza kuqhathaniswe ne-28-core Xeon Platinum 8280 (205 W), futhi ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kubalwe ngomgogodla ngamunye.
Iphrosesa ye-Ampere Altra kubikwa ukuthi ithole amaphuzu angaphezu kuka-2017 ku-SPECrate 259 integer benchmark. lokhu kungaphansi kokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-ASUS RS720A-E9(KNPP-D32) Server System (2.20 GHz, AMD EPYC 7601) kanye ne-ASUS RS500A-E10(KRPA-U16) System Server 2.25 GHz, AMD EPYC 7742.
Kodwa-ke, ekuqhathaniseni ukusebenza, i-Ampere isebenzise isici esingu-0,85 emiphumeleni ye-AMD ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-AMD64 compiler suite ukuhlanganisa ikhodi yokuma, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-GCC 8.2 eyisebenzise ngokwayo, njengoba i-AMD C/C++ compiler ikhiqiza kangcono kakhulu. ikhodi kune-GCC ku-ARM.
Ngaphandle kwama-tweaks anjalo kubhentshimakhi, i-Ampere Altra ibukeka ihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ngokusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Irekhi evamile yeseva engu-42U enamandla angu-12,5 kW ingapakisha cishe ama-processor cores angu-3500, yonga ama-watts umongo ngamunye.
Futhi lokhu kuyisiqalo nje. UJeff Wittich uthe esikhathini esingangonyaka kuzobe kukhona omunye umkhiqizo emakethe, obizwa nge-Mystique, lapho i-Ampere izophinde inyuse isibalo sama-cores.
I-Mystique izosekela isokhethi efanayo, ngakho-ke ngeke kube nesidingo sokushintsha amabhodi omama. Isizukulwane esilandelayo iSiryn SoC ihlelelwe ukukhululwa ngo-2022.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, sibone imizamo eminingana yokukhulula amaphrosesa weseva ye-ARM ezinkampanini ezahlukene: Broadcom/Cavium/Marvell, Calxeda, Huawei, Fujitsu, Phytium, Annapurna/Amazon kanye AppliedMicro/Ampere. Iningi lale mizamo ayiphumelelanga. Kodwa kunezimpawu zokuthi isimo siyashintsha. NgoDisemba 2019, i-Amazon amaseva anamaphrosesa angu-64-core ARM iyisistimu-ku-chip esekelwe kumongo ofanayo we-ARM Neoverse N1. Kwezinye izivivinyo, izimo ze-ARM (M6g ne-M6gd) zenze kangcono, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kangcono kakhulu, kune-x86.
NgoNovemba 2019, kwabikwa ukuthi iNuvia yaseMelika yaqala . Ukuqala kwasungulwa onjiniyela abathathu abahamba phambili ababebambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwamaphrosesa kwa-Apple naku-Google. Baphinde bathembise ukuthuthukisa ama-server processors azoqhudelana ne-Intel ne-AMD. Ngu I-Nuvia iklame umgogodla wokucubungula ukusuka phansi ukuya phezulu ongakhiwa phezu kwezakhiwo ze-ARM, kodwa ngaphandle kokuthola ilayisense ye-ARM.
Konke lokhu kubonisa ukuthi amaphrosesa e-RISC angathola isicelo hhayi kuphela kumadivayisi eselula, kodwa futhi kumaseva, kanye namakhompyutha edeskithophu namalaptop. By the way, kukhona amahemuhemu ukuthi .
Eqinisweni, amamodeli wakamuva we-iPad Pro ane-ARM A12X processors acishe abe namandla njenge-15-inch MacBook Pro ene-Core i7 kanye nama-Core i9 processors, ngakho-ke ukuthuthukiswa okunjalo kungaba okunengqondo.
Source: www.habr.com