Namuhla sizohlaziya amamethrikhi esistimu engaphansi yediski ku-vSphere. Inkinga yesitoreji yisizathu esivame kakhulu somshini obonakalayo ohamba kancane. Uma, esimweni se-CPU ne-RAM, ukuxazulula izinkinga kugcina ezingeni le-hypervisor, khona-ke uma kunezinkinga ngediski, kungase kudingeke ubhekane nenethiwekhi yedatha kanye nesistimu yokugcina.
Ngizoxoxa ngesihloko ngisebenzisa isibonelo sokuvimbela ukufinyelela ezinhlelweni zokugcina, nakuba ukufinyelela kwefayela izibali zicishe zifane.
A little ofory
Uma ukhuluma ngokusebenza kwe-disk subsystem yemishini ebonakalayo, abantu bavame ukunaka imingcele emithathu ehlobene:
- inani lemisebenzi yokufaka/yokukhiphayo (Ukusebenza Kokufaka/Okukhiphayo Ngomzuzwana, i-IOPS);
- ukukhiqiza;
- ukubambezeleka kwemisebenzi yokufaka/yokukhiphayo (Ukubambezeleka).
Inombolo ye-IOPS ngokuvamile kubalulekile emisebenzini engahleliwe: ukufinyelela kumabhulokhi ediski atholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene. Isibonelo somthwalo onjalo kungaba isizindalwazi, izinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi (ERP, CRM), njll.
Umkhawulokudonsa kubalulekile emithwalweni elandelanayo: ukufinyelela kumabhulokhi abekwe ngokulandelana. Isibonelo, amaseva wamafayela (kodwa hhayi njalo) kanye nezinhlelo zokugada amavidiyo angakwazi ukukhiqiza umthwalo onjalo.
Okuphumayo kuhlobene nenani lemisebenzi ye-I/O kanje:
Ukukhipha = IOPS * Usayizi wokuvimba, lapho usayizi wokuvimba kuwusayizi webhulokhi.
Usayizi webhulokhi uyisici esibaluleke kakhulu. Izinguqulo zesimanje ze-ESXi zivumela amabhulokhi afika ku-32 KB ngosayizi. Uma ibhulokhi likhulu nakakhulu, lihlukaniswe libe eziningana. Akuwona wonke amasistimu okugcina angasebenza ngokuphumelelayo ngamabhulokhi amakhulu kangaka, ngakho-ke kukhona ipharamitha ye-DiskMaxIOSize kokuthi Izilungiselelo Ezithuthukisiwe ze-ESXi. Ngokuyisebenzisa, unganciphisa usayizi webhulokhi omkhulu oweqiwe yi-hypervisor (imininingwane eyengeziwe ). Ngaphambi kokushintsha le parameter, ngincoma ukuthi uthintane nomkhiqizi wesistimu yokugcina noma okungenani uhlole izinguquko ebhentshini laselabhorethri.
Usayizi omkhulu webhulokhi ungaba nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kwesitoreji. Ngisho noma inani le-IOPS kanye nokuphumayo kukuncane uma kuqhathaniswa, ukubambezeleka okuphezulu kungabonwa ngosayizi omkhulu webhulokhi. Ngakho-ke, qaphela le parameter.
I-Latency - ipharamitha yokusebenza ethakazelisa kakhulu. Ukubambezeleka kwe-I/O komshini we-virtual kuhlanganisa:
- ukubambezeleka ngaphakathi kwe-hypervisor (KAVG, I-Average Kernel MilliSec/Read);
- ukubambezeleka okuhlinzekwa inethiwekhi yedatha nohlelo lokugcina (DAVG, I-Average Driver MilliSec/Command).
Isamba sokubambezeleka esibonakala ku-OS yesivakashi (GAVG, I-Average Guest MilliSec/Command) iyisamba se-KAVG ne-DAVG.
I-GAVG ne-DAVG ziyalinganiswa bese i-KAVG ibalwa: I-GAVG–DAVG.
Ake sibhekisise I-KAVG. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile, i-KAVG kufanele ithambekele kuqanda noma okungenani ibe ngaphansi kakhulu kune-DAVG. Icala kuphela engilaziyo lapho i-KAVG ilindeleke ukuthi iphakame umkhawulo we-IOPS kudiski ye-VM. Kulokhu, uma uzama ukweqa umkhawulo, i-KAVG izokhula.
Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye-KAVG yi-QAVG - isikhathi sokucutshungulwa komugqa ngaphakathi kwe-hypervisor. Izingxenye ezisele ze-KAVG azinakwa.
Ulayini kumshayeli we-adaptha yediski kanye nomugqa oya enyangeni unosayizi ongashintshi. Ezindaweni ezilayishwe kakhulu, kungase kube usizo ukukhulisa lo sayizi. ichaza indlela yokwandisa imigqa kumshayeli we-adaptha (ngasikhathi sinye umugqa oya enyangeni uzokwanda). Lesi silungiselelo sisebenza uma i-VM eyodwa kuphela esebenza nenyanga, okuyinto engavamile. Uma kukhona ama-VM amaningana enyangeni, kufanele futhi ukhulise ipharamitha I-Disk.SchedNumReqOutstanding (imiyalelo ). Ngokwandisa ulayini, wehlisa i-QAVG ne-KAVG ngokulandelanayo.
Kodwa futhi, qala ufunde imibhalo evela kumthengisi we-HBA futhi uhlole izinguquko ebhentshini laselabhu.
Ubukhulu bomugqa oya enyangeni bungathinteka ngokufakwa komshini we-SIOC (Isitoreji I/O Control). Inikeza ukufinyelela okufanayo enyangeni kusuka kuzo zonke iziphakeli kuqoqo ngokushintsha ngokuguqukayo ulayini ube enyangeni eziphakelini. Okusho ukuthi, uma omunye wabasingathi esebenzisa i-VM edinga inani elingenakulinganiswa lokusebenza (umakhelwane onomsindo VM), i-SIOC yehlisa ubude bomugqa ukuya enyangeni kulo msingathi (DQLEN). Imininingwane eyengeziwe .
Siyilungisile i-KAVG, manje kancane mayelana I-DAVG. Konke kulula lapha: I-DAVG ukubambezeleka okwethulwa indawo yangaphandle (inethiwekhi yedatha nohlelo lokugcina). Yonke isistimu yokugcina yesimanje hhayi yesimanje inezibali zayo zokusebenza. Ukuhlaziya izinkinga nge-DAVG, kunengqondo ukuzibheka. Uma konke kuhamba kahle ku-ESXi kanye nohlangothi lwesitoreji, hlola inethiwekhi yedatha.
Ukuze ugweme izinkinga zokusebenza, khetha Inqubomgomo Yokukhetha Indlela efanele (PSP) yesistimu yakho yokugcina. Cishe zonke izinhlelo zokugcina zesimanje zisekela i-PSP Round-Robin (ene-ALUA noma ngaphandle kwayo, i-Asymmetric Logical Unit Access). Le nqubomgomo ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise zonke izindlela ezitholakalayo zesistimu yesitoreji. Esimeni se-ALUA, kusetshenziswa izindlela eziya kusilawuli esingumnikazi wenyanga kuphela. Akuwona wonke amasistimu wesitoreji ku-ESXi anemithetho yokuzenzakalelayo esetha inqubomgomo ye-Round-Robin. Uma ungekho umthetho wesistimu yakho yokugcina, sebenzisa i-plugin evela kumkhiqizi wesistimu yesitoreji, ezodala umthetho ohambisanayo kubo bonke abasingathi kuqoqo, noma uzenzele umthetho. Imininingwane .
Futhi, abanye abakhiqizi besistimu yesitoreji batusa ukushintsha inombolo ye-IOPS ngendlela ngayinye ukusuka enanini elijwayelekile le-1000 ukuya ku-1. Ekusebenzeni kwethu, lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka "ukucindezela" ukusebenza okwengeziwe ngaphandle kwesistimu yokugcina futhi kunciphise kakhulu isikhathi esidingekayo se-failover. uma kwenzeka isilawuli sihluleka noma sibuyekeza. Hlola izincomo zomthengisi, futhi uma kungekho contraindications, zama ukushintsha le parameter. Imininingwane .
Izibali zokusebenza zesistimu engaphansi yomshini wediski ebonakalayo
Izibali zokusebenza kwe-Disk subsystem ku-vCenter ziqoqwa ku-Datastore, Idiski, izigaba ze-Virtual Disk:
Esigabeni Isitolo sedatha kukhona amamethrikhi we-vSphere disk storages (izitolo zolwazi) lapho amadiski e-VM atholakala khona. Lapha uzothola izinto zokubala ezijwayelekile:
- I-IOPS (Izicelo ezimaphakathi zokufunda/zokubhala ngomzuzwana),
- i-throughput (Izinga lokufunda/lokubhala),
- ukubambezeleka (Funda/Bhala/Ukubambezeleka okuphezulu).
Empeleni, yonke into icacile emagameni wokubala. Ake ngiphinde ngidonse ukunaka kwakho eqinisweni lokuthi izibalo lapha akuzona eze-VM ethile (noma i-VM disk), kodwa izibalo ezijwayelekile zesitolo sonke sedatha. Ngokubona kwami, kulula kakhulu ukubheka lezi zibalo ku-ESXTOP, okungenani ngokusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi isikhathi esincane sokulinganisa kukhona imizuzwana emi-2.
Esigabeni disk kukhona amamethrikhi kumadivayisi wokuvimba asetshenziswa i-VM. Kukhona izinto zokubala ze-IOPS zohlobo lokuhlanganisa (inani lemisebenzi yokufaka/yokukhiphayo phakathi nenkathi yokulinganisa) nezibali ezimbalwa ezihlobene nokuvinjwa kokufinyelela (Imiyalo inqanyuliwe, ukusethwa kabusha kwebhasi). Ngokubona kwami, kulula futhi ukubuka lolu lwazi ku-ESXTOP.
Isigaba I-Virtual Disk – ewusizo kakhulu ngokombono wokuthola izinkinga zokusebenza kwesistimu engaphansi yediski ye-VM. Lapha ungabona ukusebenza kwediski ngayinye ebonakalayo. Yilolu lwazi oludingekayo ukuze uqonde ukuthi umshini othile we-virtual unenkinga yini. Ngaphezu kwezibalo ezijwayelekile zenani lemisebenzi ye-I/O, ivolumu yokufunda/yokubhala nokubambezeleka, lesi sigaba siqukethe izinto zokubala eziwusizo ezibonisa usayizi webhulokhi: Funda/Bhala usayizi wesicelo.
Esithombeni esingezansi igrafu yokusebenza kwediski ye-VM, lapho ungabona khona inombolo ye-IOPS, ukubambezeleka nosayizi wokuvimba.
Ungaphinda ubuke amamethrikhi okusebenza aso sonke isitolo sedatha uma i-SIOC inikwe amandla. Nali ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana ne-Latency emaphakathi ne-IOPS. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, lolu lwazi lungabonwa kuphela ngesikhathi sangempela.
ESXTOP
I-ESXTOP inezikrini ezimbalwa ezinikeza ulwazi kusistimu engaphansi yediski yokusingatha iyonke, imishini yomuntu ngamunye kanye namadiski awo.
Ake siqale ngolwazi ngemishini ebonakalayo. Isikrini se-“Disk VM” sibizwa ngokhiye othi “v”:
I-NVDISK inombolo yamadiski e-VM. Ukuze ubuke ulwazi lwediski ngayinye, cindezela u-“e” bese ufaka i-GID ye-VM oyithandayo.
Incazelo yamapharamitha asele kulesi sikrini icacile emagameni awo.
Esinye isikrini esiwusizo lapho uxazulula inkinga i-adaptha yeDiski. Ibizwa ngokhiye "d" (izinkambu A,B,C,D,E,G zikhethiwe esithombeni esingezansi):
I-NPTH – inani lezindlela eziya enyangeni ezibonakala kule adaptha. Ukuze uthole ulwazi lwendlela ngayinye ku-adaptha, cindezela u-“e” bese ufaka igama le-adaptha:
AQLEN – ubukhulu bosayizi womugqa ku-adaptha.
Futhi kulesi sikrini kukhona izinto zokubala zokulibaziseka engikhulume ngazo ngenhla: KAVG/cmd, GAVG/cmd, DAVG/cmd, QAVG/cmd.
Isikrini sedivayisi yeDiski, esibizwa ngokucindezela ukhiye othi “u”, sinikeza ulwazi kumishini yokuvimba ngayinye - izinyanga (izinkambu A, B, F, G, ngikhethiwe esithombeni esingezansi). Lapha ungabona isimo somugqa wezinyanga.
I-DQLEN – usayizi womugqa wedivayisi yebhulokhi.
I-ACTV - inombolo yemiyalo ye-I/O kukhnel ye-ESXi.
QUED – inombolo yemiyalo ye-I/O kulayini.
%USD – ACTV/DQLEN × 100%.
umthwalo - (ACTV + QUED) / DQLEN.
Uma i-%USD iphezulu, kufanele ucabange ukukhulisa ulayini. Uma imiyalo eminingi kulayini, i-QAVG iphakama futhi, ngokufanelekile, i-KAVG.
Ungabona futhi esikrinini sedivayisi yeDiski ukuthi i-VAAI (vStorage API for Array Integration) iyasebenza yini ohlelweni lokugcina. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha izinkambu A no-O.
Indlela ye-VAAI ikuvumela ukuthi udlulisele ingxenye yomsebenzi kusuka ku-hypervisor ngqo ohlelweni lwesitoreji, isibonelo, i-zeroing, ukukopisha amabhlogo noma ukuvimbela.
Njengoba ubona esithombeni esingenhla, i-VAAI isebenza kulolu hlelo lokulondoloza: I-Zero ne-ATS primitives isetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo.
Amathiphu okuthuthukisa umsebenzi nge-subsystem yediski ku-ESXi
- Naka usayizi webhulokhi.
- Setha usayizi womugqa olungile ku-HBA.
- Ungakhohlwa ukunika amandla i-SIOC ezitolo zedatha.
- Khetha i-PSP ngokuhambisana nezincomo zomkhiqizi wesistimu yesitoreji.
- Qiniseka ukuthi i-VAAI iyasebenza.
Izindatshana eziwusizo ngesihloko:
Source: www.habr.com