🥇Izakhiwo zeRunet | I-ProHoster

Njengoba abafundi bethu bazi, i-Qrator.Radar ihlola ngokungakhathali ukuxhumana komhlaba wonke kwephrothokholi ye-BGP, kanye nokuxhumana kwesifunda. Njengoba “i-inthanethi” imfushane ngokuthi “amanethiwekhi axhumene,” indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ephezulu nesivinini sokusebenza kwayo iwukuxhuma okucebile nokuhlukahlukene kwamanethiwekhi ngamanye, ukuthuthukiswa kwawo okukhuthazwa ngokuyinhloko ukuncintisana.

Ukuqina koxhumano lwe-inthanethi kunoma yisiphi isifunda noma izwe kuhlobene nenani leminye imizila phakathi kwezinhlelo ezizimele - AS. Nokho, njengoba sibhale ngokuphindaphindiwe ku ucwaningo lwethu ukuzinza kuzwelonke kwezingxenye zenethiwekhi yomhlaba, ezinye izindlela ziba zibaluleke kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye (isibonelo, izindlela eziya kubahlinzeki bezokuthutha be-Tier-1 noma ama-AS abamba amaseva e-DNS agunyaziwe) - lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuba khona kwemizila eminingi ehlukile ngangokunokwenzeka Ekugcineni, lena ukuphela kwendlela esebenzayo yokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwesistimu (ngomqondo we-AS).

Kulokhu, sizobhekisisa ukwakheka kwengxenye ye-Intanethi yeRussian Federation. Kunezizathu zokubeka iso kule ngxenye: ngokolwazi olunikezwe yi-RIPE registrar database, i-6183 AS kwezingu-88664 ezibhalisiwe emhlabeni jikelele ingeye-Russian Federation, engu-6,87%.

Leli phesenti libeka iRussia endaweni yesibili emhlabeni kule nkomba, ngemva nje kwe-United States (30,08% ye-AS ebhalisiwe) nangaphambi kweBrazil, engumnikazi ongu-6,34% wazo zonke izinhlelo ezizimele. Imiphumela evela kushintsho ekuxhumekeni kwesiRashiya ingabonwa kwamanye amazwe, incike noma eduzane noxhumano olunikeziwe futhi, ekugcineni, ezingeni cishe lanoma yimuphi umhlinzeki we-inthanethi.

Uhlolojikelele

Umdwebo 1. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamasistimu azimele phakathi kwamazwe aku-IPv4 ne-IPv6, amazwe aphezulu angama-20

Ku-IPv4, 33933 kwezingu-774859 iziqalo zenethiwekhi ezibonakalayo emhlabeni wonke zimenyezelwa abahlinzeki be-inthanethi abavela ku-Russian Federation, emele u-4,38% futhi ibeka ingxenye ye-Inthanethi ye-Russian endaweni yesihlanu kulesi simo. Lezi ziqalo, zimenyezelwe ngokukhethekile engxenyeni ye-RU, zihlanganisa 4,3*10^7 amakheli e-IP ahlukile kwangu-2,9*10^9 amenyezelwe emhlabeni jikelele—1,51%, indawo ye-11.

Umdwebo 2. Ukusatshalaliswa kweziqalo zenethiwekhi phakathi kwamazwe aku-IPv4, amazwe aphezulu angama-20

Ngaphakathi kwe-IPv6, 1831 kwezingu-65532 iziqalo ezibonakalayo emhlabeni wonke zimenyezelwa ama-ISP avela ku-Russian Federation, amele u-2,79% kanye nendawo yesi-7. Lezi ziqalo zihlanganisa amakheli angu-1.3*10^32 ahlukile e-IPv6 kwangu-1,5*10^34 amenyezelwe emhlabeni jikelele—0,84% nendawo ye-18.

Umdwebo 3. Ukusatshalaliswa kweziqalo zenethiwekhi phakathi kwamazwe aku-IPv6, amazwe aphezulu angama-20

Usayizi ngokwezifiso

Enye yezindlela eziningi zokuhlola ukuxhumana nokuthembeka kwe-inthanethi ezweni elithile ukukala amasistimu azimele asendaweni ethile ngenani leziqalo ezikhangisiwe. Le ndlela, nokho, isengcupheni yokuhlukaniswa komzila, okulinganisa kancane kancane ngokuhlunga iziqalo ezihlukaniswe ngokweqile kumishini yabahlinzeki be-inthanethi, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokukhula okunganqamuki nokungenakugwemeka kwamathebula omzila athatha inkumbulo.

Ama-IPv20 aphezulu angama-4

Ama-IPv20 aphezulu angama-6

I-ASN

AS Igama

Inombolo yeziqalo

I-ASN

AS Igama

Inombolo yeziqalo

2279

1283

1197

930

521

44050

I-PIN-AS

366

42385

I-RIPN-RU

197695

AS-REGRU

315

51604

EKAT-AS

12772

I-ENFORTA-AS

291

51819

YAR-AS

41704

I-OGS-AS

235

50543

I-SARATOV-AS

57129

I-RU-SERVERSGET-KRSK

225

52207

TULA-AS

31133

I-MF-MGSM-AS

216

206066

I-TELEDOM-AS

49505

SELECTEL

213

57026

I-CHEB-AS

12714

I-TI-AS

195

49037

I-MGL-AS

15774

I-TTK-RTL

193

41682

I-ERTH-TMN-AS

12418

QUANTUM

191

21191

I-ASN-SEVERTTK

50340

I-SELECTEL-MSK

188

41843

ERTH-OMSK-AS

28840

TATTELECOM-AS

184

42682

I-ERTH-NNOV-AS

50113

I-SuperServersDatacenter

181

50498

I-LIPETSK-AS

31163

MF-KAVKAZ-AS

176

50542

I-VORONEZH-AS

21127

I-ZSTTKAS

162

51645

I-IRKUTSK-AS

Ithebula 1. Usayizi NJENGOBA ngenani leziqalo ezimenyezelwe

Sisebenzisa usayizi ohlanganisiwe wesikhala sekheli esikhangisiwe njengemethrikhi enokwethenjelwa yokuqhathanisa usayizi wesistimu ezimele, enquma amandla ayo kanye nemikhawulo engakala ngayo. Le metric ayisebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi ku-IPv6 ngenxa yezinqubomgomo zamanje zokwabiwa kwekheli le-RIPE NCC IPv6 kanye nokungafuneki okwakhelwe kuphrothokholi.

Kancane kancane, lesi simo sizolinganiswa ngokukhula kokusetshenziswa kwe-IPv6 engxenyeni ye-inthanethi yaseRussia kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokusebenza nephrothokholi ye-IPv6.

Ama-IPv20 aphezulu angama-4

Ama-IPv20 aphezulu angama-6

I-ASN

AS Igama

Inombolo yamakheli e-IP

I-ASN

AS Igama

Inombolo yamakheli e-IP

8994816

2.76*10^30

2228864

2.06*10^30

1206272

1.43*10^30

1162752

I-SuperServersDatacenter

1.35*10^30

872608

1.27*10^30

31200

I-NTK

566272

34241

I-NCT-AS

1.27*10^30

42610

I-NCNET-AS

523264

202984

ibamba leqembu

1.27*10^30

25513

I-ASN-MGTS-USPD

414464

12695

I-DINET-AS

9.51*10^29

39927

I-Elight-AS

351744

206766

INETTECH1-AS

8.72*10^29

20485

I-TRANSTELECOM

350720

20485

I-TRANSTELECOM

7.92*10^29

8342

I-RTCOMM-AS

350464

12722

RECONN

7.92*10^29

28840

TATTELECOM-AS

336896

47764

mailru-as

7.92*10^29

8369

I-INTERSVYAZ-AS

326912

44050

I-PIN-AS

7.13*10^29

28812

JSCBIS-AS

319488

45027

I-INETTECH-AS

7.13*10^29

12332

PRIMORYE-AS

303104

3267

I-RUNNET

7.13*10^29

20632

U-PETERSTAR-AS

284416

34580

UNITLINE_MSK_NET1

7.13*10^29

8615

I-CNT-AS

278528

25341

LINIYA-AS

7.13*10^29

35807

I-SkyNet-SPB-AS

275968

60252

I-OST-LLC-AS

7.13*10^29

3267

I-RUNNET

272640

28884

MR-SIB-MTSAS

6.73*10^29

41733

I-ZTELECOM-AS

266240

42244

ESERVER

6.44*10^29

Ithebula 2. Usayizi NJENGOBA ngenani lamakheli e-IP akhangisiwe

Womabili amamethrikhi—inani leziqalo ezikhangisiwe kanye nosayizi ohlanganisiwe wesikhala sekheli—angashintshwa. Nakuba singazange sikubone ukuziphatha okunjalo kuma-AS okukhulunywe ngawo ngesikhathi socwaningo.

Ukuxhumana

Kunezinhlobo ezi-3 eziyinhloko zobudlelwano phakathi kwezinhlelo ezizimele:
• Iklayenti: ikhokhela enye i-AS yezokuthutha zethrafikhi;
• Uzakwethu ohlanganyelayo: NJENGOBA ishintshisana ngethrafikhi yayo kanye neyamakhasimende mahhala;
• Umhlinzeki: uthola izinkokhelo zokuhamba kwethrafikhi kwamanye ama-AS.

Ngokujwayelekile, lezi zinhlobo zobudlelwano ziyafana kunoma yibaphi abahlinzeki ababili be-inthanethi, okuqinisekiswa esifundeni seRussian Federation esiyicabangayo. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi ama-ISP amabili anezinhlobo ezahlukene zobudlelwano ezifundeni ezahlukene, isibonelo ukwabelana mahhala eYurophu kodwa abe nobudlelwano bezohwebo e-Asia.

Ama-IPv20 aphezulu angama-4

Ama-IPv20 aphezulu angama-6

I-ASN

AS Igama

Inombolo yamakhasimende esifundeni

I-ASN

AS Igama

Inombolo yamakhasimende esifundeni

818

667

589

467

313

20764

I-RASCOM-AS

223

9049

I-ERTH-TRANSIT-AS

9049

I-ERTH-TRANSIT-AS

220

8359

I-MTS

8732

I-COMCOR-AS

170

29076

CITYTELECOM-AS

2854

I-ROSPRINT-AS

152

31500

I-GLOBALNET-AS

29076

CITYTELECOM-AS

143

3267

I-RUNNET

29226

MASTERTEL-AS

143

25478

IHOME-AS

28917

I-Fiord-AS

28917

I-Fiord-AS

25159

SONICDUO-AS

199599

I-CIREX

3267

I-RUNNET

29226

MASTERTEL-AS

31500

I-GLOBALNET-AS

8732

I-COMCOR-AS

13094

I-SFO-IX-AS

35000

PROMETEY

31261

I-GARS-AS

49063

I-DTLN

25478

IHOME-AS

42861

I-FOTONTELECOM

12695

I-DINET-AS

56534

I-PIRIX-INET-AS

8641

NAUKANET-AS

48858

Milecom-as

Ithebula 3. Ukuxhumana kwe-AS ngenani lamaklayenti

Inombolo yamakhasimende e-AS enikeziwe ibonisa indima yayo njengomnikezeli oqondile wezinsizakalo zokuxhuma ku-inthanethi kubathengi bezentengiselwano.

Ama-IPv20 aphezulu angama-4

Ama-IPv20 aphezulu angama-6

I-ASN

AS Igama

Inombolo yozakwethu abangozakwethu esifundeni

I-ASN

AS Igama

Inombolo yozakwethu abangozakwethu esifundeni

638

266

Ulayini_wokuqala-SP_for_b2b_amakhasimende

579

201

498

189

497

177

474

176

41268

I-LANTA-AS

432

3267

I-RUNNET

15672

I-TZTELECOM

430

31133

I-MF-MGSM-AS

39442

I-UNICO-AS

424

60764

I-TK-Telecom

39087

I-PAKT-AS

422

12389

I-ROSTELECOM-AS

199805

UGO-AS

418

42861

I-FOTONTELECOM

200487

I-FASTVPS

417

8359

I-MTS

41691

I-SUMTEL-AS-RIPE

399

20764

I-RASCOM-AS

13094

I-SFO-IX-AS

388

20485

I-TRANSTELECOM

60357

I-MEGAGROUP-AS

368

28917

I-Fiord-AS

41617

I-SOLID-IFC

347

31500

I-GLOBALNET-AS

51674

Mehanika-AS

345

60388

I-TRANSNEFT-TELECOM-AS

49675

I-SKBKONTUR-AS

343

42385

I-RIPN-RU

35539

INFOLINK-T-AS

310

3216

I-SOVAM-AS

42861

I-FOTONTELECOM

303

49063

I-DTLN

25227

I-ASN-AVANTEL-MSK

301

44843

I-OBTEL-AS

Ithebula 4. Ukuxhumana kwe-AS ngenani lozakwethu abangani

Inani elikhulu lozakwethu abangani lingathuthukisa kakhulu ukuxhumana kwesifunda sonke. I-Internet Exchange (IX) ibalulekile, nakuba kungadingeki, lapha - ama-ISP amakhulu kakhulu awabambi iqhaza ekuhwebeni kwesifunda (ngokuhlukile okumbalwa okuphawulekayo, okufana ne-NIXI) ngenxa yemvelo yebhizinisi labo.

Kumhlinzeki wokuqukethwe, inani lozakwethu abangani lingasebenza ngokungaqondile njengenkomba yevolumu yethrafikhi ekhiqiziwe - isisusa sokushintshanisa ngamavolumu amakhulu mahhala siyisici esishukumisayo (sanele kubahlinzeki abaningi be-inthanethi bendawo) ukubona umhlinzeki wokuqukethwe. njengekhandidethi elifanelekile labalingani abangabangane. Kukhona futhi izimo eziphambene lapho abahlinzeki bokuqukethwe bengasekeli inqubomgomo yenani elibalulekile lokuxhunywa kwesifunda, okwenza le nkomba inganembile kakhulu ekulinganiseni usayizi wabahlinzeki bokuqukethwe, okungukuthi, umthamo wethrafikhi abawukhiqizayo.

Ama-IPv20 aphezulu angama-4

Ama-IPv20 aphezulu angama-6

I-ASN

AS Igama

Usayizi wekhoni yeklayenti

I-ASN

AS Igama

Usayizi wekhoni yeklayenti

3083

335

2973

219

2587

205

2463

183

2318

166

8359

I-MTS

2293

3216

I-SOVAM-AS

143

20764

I-RASCOM-AS

2251

8359

I-MTS

143

9049

I-ERTH-TRANSIT-AS

1407

3267

I-RUNNET

29076

CITYTELECOM-AS

860

29076

CITYTELECOM-AS

28917

I-Fiord-AS

683

28917

I-Fiord-AS

3267

I-RUNNET

664

9049

I-ERTH-TRANSIT-AS

25478

IHOME-AS

616

31500

I-GLOBALNET-AS

43727

I-KVANT-TELECOM

476

25478

IHOME-AS

31500

I-GLOBALNET-AS

459

199599

I-CIREX

57724

I-DDOS-GUARD

349

43727

I-KVANT-TELECOM

13094

I-SFO-IX-AS

294

39134

I-UNITEDNET

199599

I-CIREX

290

15835

MAP

29226

MASTERTEL-AS

227

29226

MASTERTEL-AS

201706

AS-SERVICEPIPE

208

35000

PROMETEY

8641

NAUKANET-AS

169

49063

I-DTLN

Ithebula 5. Ukuxhumana kwe-AS ngosayizi wekhoni yeklayenti

Ikhoni yeklayenti isethi yawo wonke ama-AS ancike ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ohlelweni oluzimele okukhulunywa ngalo. Ngokombono wezomnotho, i-AS ngayinye ngaphakathi kwekhoni yekhasimende, ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile, ikhasimende elikhokhayo. Ezingeni eliphezulu, inani lama-AS ngaphakathi kwekhoni yeklayenti, kanye nenani labathengi abaqondile, liyinkomba eyinhloko yokuxhumana.

Okokugcina, sikulungiselele elinye ithebula elibheka ukuxhumana ne-RuNet core. Ngokuqonda ukwakheka komgogodla wokuxhumana wesifunda, ngokusekelwe enanini lamakhasimende aqondile kanye nosayizi wekhoni yekhasimende ku-AS ngayinye esifundeni, singabala ukuthi akude kangakanani nama-ISPs amakhulu wesifunda. Lapho inombolo iphansi, ukuxhumana kuyanda. "1" kusho ukuthi zonke izindlela ezibonakalayo zinokuxhumeka okuqondile kungqikithi yesifunda.

IPv4 ephezulu 20

IPv6 ephezulu 20

I-ASN

AS Igama

Isilinganiso sokuxhumana

I-ASN

AS Igama

Isilinganiso sokuxhumana

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.07

1.05

13238

YANDEX

1.1

8470

MAcomnet

1.17

3216

I-SOVAM-AS

1.11

12389

I-ROSTELECOM-AS

1.19

48061

I-GPM-TECH-AS

1.11

41722

I-MIRAN-AS

1.2

31133

I-MF-MGSM-AS

1.11

8359

I-MTS

1.22

8359

I-MTS

1.12

60879

IZIHLELO-NJENGOBA

1.25

41268

I-LANTA-AS

1.13

41268

I-LANTA-AS

1.25

9049

I-ERTH-TRANSIT-AS

1.16

44020

I-CLN-AS

1.25

20485

I-TRANSTELECOM

1.18

29226

MASTERTEL-AS

1.25

29076

CITYTELECOM-AS

1.18

44943

RAMNET-AS

1.25

12389

I-ROSTELECOM-AS

1.23

12714

I-TI-AS

1.25

57629

IVI-RU

1.25

47764

mailru-as

1.25

48297

IDORHAN

1.25

44267

IESV

1.25

42632

MNOGOBYTE-AS

1.25

203730

I-SVIAZINVESTREGION

1.25

44020

I-CLN-AS

1.25

3216

I-SOVAM-AS

1.25

12668

ISIMANGALISO-NJENGOBA

1.25

24739

I-SEVEREN-TELECOM

1.29

Ithebula 6. Ukuxhumana kwe-AS ngebanga ukuya kumnyombo wokuxhumana kwesifunda

Yini engenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuxhumana okuphelele futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuzinza, ukwethembeka nokuphepha kwanoma yiliphi izwe, ikakhulukazi iRussian Federation? Nazi izinyathelo ezimbalwa nje:

Ukudonswa kwentela nezinye izinzuzo zabaqhubi bendawo bezindawo zokushintshisana ngethrafikhi, kanye nokufinyelela mahhala kuzo;
Ukukhululeka komhlaba kwamahhala noma okungabizi kakhulu kokubeka izintambo zokuxhumana ze-fiber-optic;
Ukuqhuba amaseshini okuqeqesha nezemfundo kubasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe ezifundeni ezikude, okuhlanganisa ama-workshops namanye amafomethi okuqeqesha mayelana nezinqubo ezihamba phambili zokusebenza ne-BGP. I-RIPE NCC ihlela ezinye zazo, itholakala ngesixhumanisi.

Imininingwane evezwe ngenhla iyingcaphuno evela ocwaningweni olwenziwa ama-Qrator Labs engxenyeni yesibili yesifunda ye-Inthanethi yesifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ye-Russian Federation (eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-Runet"), ngokusekelwe kudatha evuliwe eqoqwe futhi yacutshungulwa ngaphakathi kwephrojekthi. radar. Ukwethulwa kocwaningo olugcwele kumenyezelwa njengeshabhu ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe Iforamu ye-10 ye-Inthanethi Yesifunda sase-Asia Pacific ngoJulayi. Isicelo sedatha efanayo yezingxenye zamanye amazwe nezifunda singathunyelwa ekhelini le-imeyili [i-imeyili ivikelwe].

Source: www.habr.com

I-Runet Architecture

Uhlolojikelele

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Ukuxhumana

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