Namuhla ku-intanethi ungathola ngokuvamile amacala ezimayini ze-BTC nama-altcoins ngezindaba mayelana nokusetshenziswa okunenzuzo kwabavukuzi abasetshenzisiwe be-ASIC. Njengoba izinga lokushintshisana likhuphuka, inzalo yezimayini iyabuya, futhi ubusika be-crypto bushiye inani elikhulu lamadivayisi asetshenzisiwe emakethe yesibili. Isibonelo, e-China, lapho izindleko zikagesi zingavumeli umuntu ukubala ngisho nenzuzo encane ye-crypto-emissions ekuqaleni konyaka, izinkulungwane zamadivayisi angabizi zivele emakethe yesibili.
Laba bavukuzi be-ASIC bathengwa ngobuningi ngabalamuli abanolwazi futhi manje sebenikezwa ngamanani amakhulu emakethe yasekhaya yaseShayina nakwamanye amazwe. Inani elimangalisayo lathengwa abavukuzi baseShayina emuva entwasahlobo. Ambalwa kakhulu ama-ASIC asetshenziswa njalo aya eRussia.
Abanye osomabhizinisi be-crypto bakholelwa ukuthi, ngokusebenza okulinganayo, i-ASIC esetshenzisiwe ikhokha ngokushesha ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi. Ezimweni eziningi lokhu kunjalo ngempela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunemibiko yezinkinga zokupholisa, ukwehluleka okungazelelwe kanye nokwehla kwe-hashrate. Ngezansi kokusikwa kumayelana nezinzuzo kanye nezingozi zokusebenzisa imishini yezimayini esetshenzisiwe.
Okuthunyelwe akuqukethe ulwazi mayelana nenzuzo yezimayini, noma ukuphumelela kokusebenzisa amadivaysi athile kuma-cryptocurrencies ezimayini. Noma yikuphi okushiwo ngabakhiqizi, ama-opharetha, amachibi nabezindaba akuhlobene nokukhangisa futhi kusetshenziselwa ukucacisa umthombo wolwazi. Ulwazi oluku-athikili luqoqwe ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu, isipiliyoni sosomabhizinisi nezinkampani ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zezimayini zezimboni, kanye nasezingxoxweni ezimayelana nezinkundla ezinikezelwe kuma-cryptocurrencies. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka nokuncika kwezinga lokushintshaniswa kwe-idijithali yemali emakethe, namuhla akukho okuqinisekisa inzuzo yokutshalwa kwezimali ezimayini.
Ukukhishwa kwewaranti kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona
Kuyaziwa ukuthi iwaranti kubavukuzi (isibonelo, i-Antminer S9 edumile evela ku-Bitmain) cishe ayidluli izinyanga ezi-3. Njengomthetho, i-ASIC esetshenzisiwe isetshenziswe isikhathi eside futhi cishe iqinisekisiwe ukuthi izosetshenziswa ngokungami. Awudingi ukuba uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe ukuze uqonde ukuthi izindlela ezinjalo zokusebenza awenzi idivayisi ithembeke kakhulu. Uma izinkinga ezinjalo zenzeka ngomshini omusha, abasebenzisi bavikelwa ngewaranti. Lapho uthenga izinto ezisetshenziswayo, kungenzeka ukuthi kuzofanela ucubungule ngesiteshi sokunamathisela.
Isiqinisekiso asiyona into ekhona emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi uma ukushuba kokuxhashazwa kwabavukuzi kuphezulu futhi izimo zishiya okuningi kungafunwa. Kunoma yikuphi, lokhu kuyisivikelo sesikhashana ezinkingeni ezingase zibe khona ezigabeni zokuqala zokusebenzisa i-ASIC.
Iqiniso elidala ukuthi izinkinga eziningi ngemishini ye-elekthronikhi eyinkimbinkimbi zenzeka ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kokuphila kwabo. Ezakuqala zivame ukuhlotshaniswa namaphutha okukhiqiza - iwaranti ivikela kubo; abaphuzi, njengomthetho, babangelwa ukuguga kwemvelo.
Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi izinkinga zokupholisa, ngakho-ke ingozi enkulu yama-chips, iyenzeka izikhathi ezi-4 kancane kubavukuzi abasha kunasezisetshenzisiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-ASIC entsha ingabuyiselwa ngaphansi kwewaranti, kuyilapho esetshenzisiwe izodinga ukutshalwa kwezimali ekulungiseni.
Bafa kanjani abavukuzi be-ASIC
Ukuze uqonde ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yini engenzeka kumvukuzi, ngiphakamisa ukucabangela uchungechunge lwezenzakalo eziholela ekuhlulekeni nasekuqhekekeni kwedivayisi.
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, okokuqala, indaba yokwethembeka ithinta kakhulu izakhi zemishini, okungukuthi ukupholisa. Lokhu kuqondiswa ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa emakamelweni anothuli, ukudlidliza okuvamile kwama-trusses anamadivayisi abekwe kuwo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwabalandeli abashibhile abanomthombo ophansi nezici ezingazinzile ekwakhiweni.
Uthuli oluvalekile ezindaweni zobuchwepheshe, kanye nezihlungi zekhwalithi ephansi, zinciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa, zikhuphule ukungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwabalandeli, futhi zandise ingozi yokuthi idivayisi ibambe umlilo emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kakhulu kuma-elementi ebhodi. Lapho izinga lokushisa lama-chips likhuphuka lifika ezingeni elibucayi (ama-degrees Celsius angu-115), ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe linganciphisa, okuholela ekuhlulekeni okuphelele kwe-hashboard.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi abakhiqizi bavame ukubahlinzeka ngama-chips ekhwalithi ephezulu ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhishwa kwama-ASIC. Uma idivayisi iduma, ikhwalithi yama-chips iyehla. Yebo esithangamini abasebenzisi umehluko kuma-chips wabavukuzi abadumile be-Antminer S9, okuthi, ngokusho kwabasebenzisi, bafakwe ama-chips athembekile kuze kube nguNovemba 2017.
Ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bakwa-BitCluster, inkampani enkulu yaseRussia ebamba izivakashi, eqapha imishini emahhotela ezimayini enkampani, ihlonza izinhlobo ezi-2 zokuwohloka kwe-chip ngenxa yokuchayeka emazingeni okushisa nokudlidliza - ukutubeka (ikakhulukazi umonakalo oshisayo ku-chip ngendlela yokuncibilika). wecala) kanye nokulahla (ikakhulukazi ukulimala komshini ku-chip ngendlela yokucekelwa phansi kwezindlu ezincane, i-delamination). Onjiniyela bathi bahlangabezana nalokhu kaningi uma besebenzisa ama-ASIC asetshenziswe isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwewaranti. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abavukuzi abasha baba nezinkinga ezinjalo kancane.
Usomabhizinisi we-Crypto u-Andrey Kopytov waseSt. Ngokombono wakhe, ama-microcircuits anenkinga angabonakala ngaphambi kokuba ahluleke ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ukholelwa ukuthi ngaphambi kokwehluleka, i-hashrate yama-chips ayinkinga yehla kakhulu, okungenzeka ingabonakali lapho kuhlolwa i-hashrate iyonke uma idivayisi yeqiwa ngokweqile.
Esidala esikhundleni esisha
NgoJuni mayelana nohlelo lomgunyathi okuhloswe ngalo ukukhohlisa labo abathenga abavukuzi abasha. Ngokusho kokushicilelwa kwe-inthanethi, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa isidingo sabavukuzi sikhule kakhulu futhi i-Antminer S9, S9i kanye ne-S9j sezidume kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kukholakala ukuthi i-S9 eshiwo kakade ibaluleke kakhulu namuhla ekuguqulweni kwe-S9j ku-14,5 TH / s, izindleko zayo zingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-33-35.
Ingqikithi yohlelo ukuthi i-Antminer S9 engabonakali esebenza ngo-13,5 TH/s ithengiswa ngaphansi kwesithunzi se-S9j entsha ngo-14,5 TH/s, ngemva kokunamathisela kabusha izitikha emzimbeni wedivayisi nasemabhodini e-hashi. Ukuze bandise inzuzo, abakhwabanisi bavame ukusebenzisa abavukuzi abadala, abagugile, babahlanze ngothuli ngaphambi kokuba banamatheliswe. Ngokuthola imodeli ekhiqiza kancane esikhundleni sesithembiso esilinganiselwe, usomabhizinisi we-crypto othenge i-ASIC enjalo uzifaka engozini yokuhlangabezana nama-chips ashisiwe.
Idatha ethembekile mayelana nedivayisi ingatholwa ngokubheka izinombolo ze-serial, ezingahlali zenziwe yiwo wonke umuntu. Kukhona enye indlela - ukulinganisa i-hashrate yangempela. Ukuhlola nge-firmware akuvamile ukunikeza imiphumela, njengoba isofthiwe ivame ukushintshwa ibe emisha. Ngokubukeka, isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi awehlukile kuleso somvukuzi omusha. Le firmware ibonisa idatha yezibalo zomsebenzisi (βjakesβ kanye βnama-ikesβ) kusixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izibalo zangempela zihluke kakhulu kunezomgunyathi.
Enye inketho i-overclocking. Abavukuzi abadlulele ngokweqile bangathengiswa njengabasha + noma abadala. Iqiniso liwukuthi idivayisi isekelwe kumvukuzi onama-chips amaningana ashisiwe. Ngosizo lwe-firmware, ama-chips ashisiwe awabandakanyi kumjikelezo, kanti amanye agqitshiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuguga kwama-chips asele (ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile) kukhuphuka izikhathi eziningi - ukupholisa kuhlala kujwayelekile futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ama-chips asele nawo ashile.
Abakhwabanisi abanama-ASIC anamathiselwe nangaphezulu bavame ukubanjwa ku-Avito nakwezinye izinkundla zokuhweba. Kunezitolo eziningi zaseShayina naseRussia ezithengisa βizitikaβ. Ngokusho kwe-forklog, eMoscow kuphela kunezitolo ezingu-5 zokukhwabanisa ezithengisa amadivaysi anjalo.
Ukuphepha kokuthenga
Ngokuyisisekelo, akunandaba ukuthi iyiphi i-ASIC onquma ukuyithenga. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yintsha noma isetshenzisiwe, lapho uthenga, kufanele ulandele ngokuqinile imithetho ethile. Ake sibabize ngokwejwayelekile "indlela elula yokuthenga umvukuzi we-ASIC futhi ungakhohliswa":
- Ukuqinisekiswa okuyisibopho kwezinombolo ze-serial kusuka ebhodini ledivayisi;
- Susa amadivayisi anenani eliphansi ngokusolisayo;
- Ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-hashrate yangempela;
- Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kokukhona kothuli (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho kunzima khona ukususa); ukuba khona kothuli akwamukeleki kudivayisi entsha futhi akufuneki kwakudala;
- Ukuhlola ukusebenza komshini, ukusebenza kokupholisa okulungile, ukusebenza okushisayo (umsindo wabalandeli, ngisho nowomsebenzi wasezimayini osetshenzisiwe, akufanele udlule inani elishiwo, izinga lokushisa ledivayisi nalo kufanele lizinze futhi libe ngaphakathi kwebanga elivamile elishiwo esibalweni.
Amanye ama-firmware nawo adingeka kakhulu. Isibonelo, isofthiwe ehlukahlukene yangokwezifiso enganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Izindaba ezimayelana ne-overclocking ebalulekile ngaphandle kokusongela okubalulekile kudivayisi kufanele zithathwe njengokungafaneleki komdayisi noma njengamanga amabomu.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma ama-chips evutha?
Osomabhizinisi abaningi be-crypto abanolwazi batusa ukuthi lapho uthenga inani elikhulu labavukuzi, isabelomali sesiteshi sokuthengisa kanye nomhloli we-hashplat kusengaphambili. Lawa madivaysi, anolwazi oluncane kanye nezandla ezisezingeni (ezakho noma uchwepheshe), azokuvumela ukuthi ukhombe ngokushesha ama-chips ayinkinga bese uwashintshanisa nalawo asebenzayo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezimeni lapho umnikazi ezijwayeza overclocking.
Ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe abavela emahhotela ezimayini bathi isizathu esiyinhloko "sokufa" kwama-chips ukusebenza okungalungile. Ngaphakathi kwehhotela, ukulungisa kungenziwa ngonjiniyela abavela esikhungweni sedatha yezimayini, noma ngochwepheshe abanekhono abalethwe ngaphandle. Kwesinye isikhathi ungathola izibuyekezo ku-inthanethi mayelana nokudluliswa okulula okusuka kumvukuzi "omnikelayo". Kodwa le nqubo ayibonakali ifaneleka uma kubhekwa izintengo zama-chips amasha.
Umphumela
Inzuzo enkulu yama-ASIC amasha uma kuqhathaniswa nasetshenzisiwe iwaranti. Uma isetshenziswe kahle, ivikela umnikazi ekufeni okungazelelwe kwemishini noma izakhi zayo. Inzuzo enkulu yama-ASIC asetshenzisiwe yintengo. Uma impilo yabo yesevisi ingaqediwe futhi bebesebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, banokusebenza okulinganayo nokusha. Kodwa uma kunezinkinga zobuchwepheshe, akudingeki uthembele kuwaranti (ngaphandle kwamadivayisi athengiswa ngesikhathi sewaranti).
Sengiphetha, ngeke kube yinto engafanele ukuphinda izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuthenga okuphephile komvukuzi. Lapho uthenga noma iyiphi i-ASIC, udinga ukuhlola izinombolo ze-serial ebhodini, ulinganise i-hashrate, futhi ngokufanelekile, usebenzise isihloli se-hashplate. Kufanele uqaphele ezimeni ezine-firmware yangokwezifiso ongajwayelekile, futhi futhi uqaphele kakhulu ngamadivayisi asetshenzisiwe anothuli kakhulu. Njengenjwayelo, ngizobonga ngokuphawula ngesihloko nanoma yiziphi izengezo eziwusizo endabeni.
Kubalulekile!
Izimpahla ze-Crypto, okuhlanganisa ne-Bitcoin, ziguquguquka ngokwedlulele (amanani azo ashintsha njalo futhi ngokucijile); izinguquko kumanani azo zithonywa kakhulu ukuqagela kwemakethe yamasheya. Ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukutshalwa kwezimali ku-cryptocurrency kuyinto lokhu kuyingozi enkulu. Ngingancoma kakhulu ukutshala imali ku-cryptocurrency kanye nezimayini kuphela kulabo bantu abacebile kangangokuthi uma belahlekelwa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo ngeke bezwe imiphumela yomphakathi. Ungalokothi utshale imali yakho yokugcina, ukonga kwakho kokugcina okubalulekile, izimpahla zomndeni wakho ezinomkhawulo kunoma yini, okuhlanganisa nemali eyimfihlo.
Izithombe ezisetshenzisiwe:
Source: www.habr.com