Kunezifundo eziningi zokuthi ungayifaka kanjani i-WordPress, usesho lwe-Google lwe-"WordPress install" luzoveza imiphumela engaba ingxenye yesigidi. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, kuneziqondiso ezimbalwa ezinhle kakhulu phakathi kwazo, ngokusho ongafaka futhi ulungiselele i-WordPress kanye nesistimu yokusebenza engaphansi ukuze bakwazi ukusekela isikhathi eside. Mhlawumbe izilungiselelo ezifanele zincike kakhulu ezidingweni ezithile, noma lokhu kungenxa yokuthi incazelo enemininingwane yenza i-athikili ifundeke kanzima.
Kulesi sihloko, sizozama ukuhlanganisa okuhle kakhulu kwemihlaba yomibili ngokunikeza iskripthi se-bash ukuze sifake i-WordPress ku-Ubuntu, futhi sihambe ngayo, sichaze ukuthi ucezu ngalunye lwenzani, kanye nokuyekethisa esikwenzile ekuyithuthukiseni. Uma ungumsebenzisi othuthukile, ungeqa umbhalo we-athikili futhi nje
Izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zokuthumela i-WordPress usebenzisa i-NGINX Unit ichazwe ku
- I-WordPress CLI
- Masibhale Ngemfihlo kanye Nezitifiketi Ze-TLSSSL
- Ukuvuselela okuzenzakalelayo kwezitifiketi
- I-NGINX caching
- Ukucindezela kwe-NGINX
- Ukusekelwa kwe-HTTPS ne-HTTP/2
- Inqubo ye-Automation
I-athikili izochaza ukufakwa kuseva eyodwa, okuzobamba kanyekanye iseva yokucubungula emile, iseva yokucubungula ye-PHP, kanye nesizindalwazi. Ukufakwa okusekela abasingathi abaningi be-virtual namasevisi kuyisihloko esingaba khona sesikhathi esizayo. Uma ufuna ukuthi sibhale ngento engekho kulezi zihloko, bhala kumazwana.
izidingo
- Iseva yesitsha (
I-LXC nomaI-LXD ), umshini obonakalayo, noma iseva yensimbi evamile okungenani eno-512MB we-RAM kanye ne-Ubuntu 18.04 noma entsha efakiwe. - Izimbobo ezifinyeleleka ku-inthanethi 80 kanye ne-443
- Igama lesizinda elihlotshaniswa nekheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi lomphakathi lale seva
- Ukufinyelela kwezimpande (sudo).
Uhlolojikelele lwezakhiwo
I-architecture iyafana njengoba kuchaziwe
Izimiso ezijwayelekile
- Imiyalo eminingi yokumisa embhalweni isongwe uma izimo zokungabi namandla: iskripthi singasebenza izikhathi eziningi ngaphandle kwengozi yokuguqula izilungiselelo esezivele zikhona.
- Umbhalo uzama ukufaka isoftware kumakhosombe, ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa izibuyekezo zesistimu ngomyalo owodwa (
apt upgrade
Ubuntu). - Imiyalo izama ukuthola ukuthi isebenza esitsheni ukuze ikwazi ukushintsha izilungiselelo zayo ngokufanele.
- Ukuze usethe inani lezinqubo zentambo ezizoqala kuzilungiselelo, iskripthi sizama ukuqagela izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo zokusebenza ezitsheni, imishini ebonakalayo, namaseva wehadiwe.
- Uma sichaza izilungiselelo, sihlala sicabanga kuqala ngokuzenzakalelayo, esithemba ukuthi kuzoba yisisekelo sokudala ingqalasizinda yakho njengekhodi.
- Yonke imiyalo isetshenziswa njengomsebenzisi izimpande, ngoba bashintsha izilungiselelo eziyisisekelo zesistimu, kodwa ngokuqondile i-WordPress isebenza njengomsebenzisi ojwayelekile.
Ukusetha okuguquguqukayo kwendawo
Setha okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo okulandelayo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa iskripthi:
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
- Iphasiwedi ye-WordPress databaseWORDPRESS_ADMIN_USER
- Igama lomqondisi we-WordPressWORDPRESS_ADMIN_PASSWORD
- Iphasiwedi ye-WordPress adminWORDPRESS_ADMIN_EMAIL
- I-imeyili yomqondisi we-WordPressWORDPRESS_URL
iyi-URL egcwele yesayithi le-WordPress, eqala ngohttps://
.LETS_ENCRYPT_STAGING
- ayinalutho ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa ngokubeka inani ku-1, uzosebenzisa amaseva wesiteji esithi Masibethele, adingekayo ukuze uvame ukucela izitifiketi lapho uhlola izilungiselelo zakho, ngaphandle kwalokho, Masibhale Ngemfihlo singavimba okwesikhashana ikheli lakho le-ip ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezicelo.
Umbhalo uhlola ukuthi lezi ziguquguqukayo ezihlobene ne-WordPress zisethiwe futhi ziyaphuma uma kungenjalo.
Imigqa yesikripthi 572-576 hlola inani LETS_ENCRYPT_STAGING
.
Ukusetha okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo okutholiwe
Iskripthi emigqeni 55-61 sisetha okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo okulandelayo, kungaba inani elinekhodi eliqinile noma kusetshenziswa inani elitholwe kokuguquguqukayo okusethwe esigabeni sangaphambilini:
DEBIAN_FRONTEND="noninteractive"
- Itshela izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthi zisebenza kuskripthi futhi akukho okungenzeka kokusebenzelana komsebenzisi.WORDPRESS_CLI_VERSION="2.4.0"
inguqulo yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-WordPress CLI.WORDPRESS_CLI_MD5= "dedd5a662b80cda66e9e25d44c23b25c"
- isheke lefayela le-WordPress CLI 2.4.0 elisebenzisekayo (inguqulo icaciswe kokuguquguqukayoWORDPRESS_CLI_VERSION
). Iskripthi esikulayini 162 sisebenzisa leli nani ukuhlola ukuthi ifayela elilungile le-WordPress CLI lilandiwe.UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE="16M"
- usayizi wefayela omkhulu ongalayishwa ku-WordPress. Lesi silungiselelo sisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezimbalwa, ngakho-ke kulula ukusethwa endaweni eyodwa.TLS_HOSTNAME= "$(echo ${WORDPRESS_URL} | cut -d'/' -f3)"
- Igama lomethuleli wesistimu, libuyisiwe kokuhluka kwe-WORDPRESS_URL. Isetshenziselwa ukuthola izitifiketi ezifanele ze-TLS/SSL kokuthi Masibethele kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-WordPress kwangaphakathi.NGINX_CONF_DIR="/etc/nginx"
- indlela eya kumkhombandlela enezilungiselelo ze-NGINX, kufaka phakathi ifayela eliyinhlokonginx.conf
.CERT_DIR="/etc/letsencrypt/live/${TLS_HOSTNAME}"
β indlela eya ezitifiketini Zokuthi Masibethele zesayithi le-WordPress, etholwe kokuguquguqukayoTLS_HOSTNAME
.
Ukunikeza igama lomethuleli kuseva ye-WordPress
Umbhalo usetha igama lomethuleli weseva ukuthi lifane negama lesizinda sesayithi. Lokhu akudingekile, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuthumela imeyili ephumayo nge-SMTP lapho usetha iseva eyodwa, njengoba kumiswe umbhalo.
ikhodi yombhalo
# Change the hostname to be the same as the WordPress hostname
if [ ! "$(hostname)" == "${TLS_HOSTNAME}" ]; then
echo " Changing hostname to ${TLS_HOSTNAME}"
hostnamectl set-hostname "${TLS_HOSTNAME}"
fi
Yengeza igama lomethuleli ku-/etc/hosts
Ukwengeza
ikhodi yombhalo
# Add the hostname to /etc/hosts
if [ "$(grep -m1 "${TLS_HOSTNAME}" /etc/hosts)" = "" ]; then
echo " Adding hostname ${TLS_HOSTNAME} to /etc/hosts so that WordPress can ping itself"
printf "::1 %sn127.0.0.1 %sn" "${TLS_HOSTNAME}" "${TLS_HOSTNAME}" >> /etc/hosts
fi
Ukufaka amathuluzi adingekayo ezinyathelweni ezilandelayo
Esinye isikripthi sidinga ezinye izinhlelo futhi sicabanga ukuthi amakhosombe asesikhathini samanje. Sibuyekeza uhlu lwamakhosombe, emva kwalokho sifaka amathuluzi adingekayo:
ikhodi yombhalo
# Make sure tools needed for install are present
echo " Installing prerequisite tools"
apt-get -qq update
apt-get -qq install -y
bc
ca-certificates
coreutils
curl
gnupg2
lsb-release
Ukwengeza Iyunithi ye-NGINX kanye namakhosombe we-NGINX
Umbhalo ufaka Iyunithi ye-NGINX kanye nomthombo ovulekile we-NGINX osuka kumakhosombe asemthethweni e-NGINX ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi izinguqulo ezinamapeshi akamuva okuvikela nokulungiswa kweziphazamisi ziyasetshenziswa.
Umbhalo wengeza inqolobane ye-NGINX Unit bese kuba indawo yokugcina ye-NGINX, wengeza ukhiye wamakhosombe kanye namafayela okumisa. apt
, echaza ukufinyelela kumakhosombe nge-inthanethi.
Ukufakwa kwangempela kwe-NGINX Unit kanye ne-NGINX kwenzeka esigabeni esilandelayo. Sengeza kuqala amakhosombe ukuze kungadingeki sibuyekeze imethadatha izikhathi eziningi, okwenza ukufakwa kusheshe.
ikhodi yombhalo
# Install the NGINX Unit repository
if [ ! -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/unit.list ]; then
echo " Installing NGINX Unit repository"
curl -fsSL https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | apt-key add -
echo "deb https://packages.nginx.org/unit/ubuntu/ $(lsb_release -cs) unit" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/unit.list
fi
# Install the NGINX repository
if [ ! -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list ]; then
echo " Installing NGINX repository"
curl -fsSL https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | apt-key add -
echo "deb https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) nginx" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list
fi
Ukufaka i-NGINX, i-NGINX Unit, i-PHP MariaDB, i-Certbot (Asibethele) kanye nokuncika kwayo
Uma wonke amakhosombe esengeziwe, buyekeza imethadatha futhi ufake izinhlelo zokusebenza. Amaphakheji afakwe yiskripthi ahlanganisa nezandiso ze-PHP ezinconyiwe uma usebenzisa i-WordPress.org
ikhodi yombhalo
echo " Updating repository metadata"
apt-get -qq update
# Install PHP with dependencies and NGINX Unit
echo " Installing PHP, NGINX Unit, NGINX, Certbot, and MariaDB"
apt-get -qq install -y --no-install-recommends
certbot
python3-certbot-nginx
php-cli
php-common
php-bcmath
php-curl
php-gd
php-imagick
php-mbstring
php-mysql
php-opcache
php-xml
php-zip
ghostscript
nginx
unit
unit-php
mariadb-server
Ukusetha i-PHP ukuze isetshenziswe nge-NGINX Unit kanye ne-WordPress
Umbhalo udala ifayela lezilungiselelo ohlwini lwemibhalo conf.d. Lokhu kusetha usayizi omkhulu wokulayishwa kwe-PHP, kuvula okukhiphayo kwephutha le-PHP ku-STDERR ngakho azobhalwa kulogi yeyunithi ye-NGINX, futhi iqale kabusha Iyunithi ye-NGINX.
ikhodi yombhalo
# Find the major and minor PHP version so that we can write to its conf.d directory
PHP_MAJOR_MINOR_VERSION="$(php -v | head -n1 | cut -d' ' -f2 | cut -d'.' -f1,2)"
if [ ! -f "/etc/php/${PHP_MAJOR_MINOR_VERSION}/embed/conf.d/30-wordpress-overrides.ini" ]; then
echo " Configuring PHP for use with NGINX Unit and WordPress"
# Add PHP configuration overrides
cat > "/etc/php/${PHP_MAJOR_MINOR_VERSION}/embed/conf.d/30-wordpress-overrides.ini" << EOM
; Set a larger maximum upload size so that WordPress can handle
; bigger media files.
upload_max_filesize=${UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE}
post_max_size=${UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE}
; Write error log to STDERR so that error messages show up in the NGINX Unit log
error_log=/dev/stderr
EOM
fi
# Restart NGINX Unit because we have reconfigured PHP
echo " Restarting NGINX Unit"
service unit restart
Icacisa Izilungiselelo Zedathabhe ye-MariaDB ye-WordPress
Sikhethe i-MariaDB kune-MySQL njengoba inomsebenzi omningi womphakathi futhi kungenzeka futhi
Umbhalo udala isizindalwazi esisha futhi udale imininingwane yokufinyelela i-WordPress nge-loopback interface:
ikhodi yombhalo
# Set up the WordPress database
echo " Configuring MariaDB for WordPress"
mysqladmin create wordpress || echo "Ignoring above error because database may already exist"
mysql -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress.* TO "wordpress"@"localhost" IDENTIFIED BY "$WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD"; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"
Ukufaka Uhlelo lwe-WordPress CLI
Kulesi sinyathelo, umbhalo ufaka uhlelo
ikhodi yombhalo
if [ ! -f /usr/local/bin/wp ]; then
# Install the WordPress CLI
echo " Installing the WordPress CLI tool"
curl --retry 6 -Ls "https://github.com/wp-cli/wp-cli/releases/download/v${WORDPRESS_CLI_VERSION}/wp-cli-${WORDPRESS_CLI_VERSION}.phar" > /usr/local/bin/wp
echo "$WORDPRESS_CLI_MD5 /usr/local/bin/wp" | md5sum -c -
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/wp
fi
Ukufaka nokumisa i-WordPress
Umbhalo ufaka inguqulo yakamuva ye-WordPress kumkhombandlela /var/www/wordpress
futhi ishintsha izilungiselelo:
- Uxhumano lwesizindalwazi lusebenza phezu kwesokhethi yesizinda se-unix esikhundleni se-TCP ku-loopback ukuze kwehliswe ithrafikhi ye-TCP.
- I-WordPress ingeza isiqalo https:// ku-URL uma amakhasimende exhumeka ku-NGINX nge-HTTPS, aphinde athumele igama lomethuleli wesilawuli kude (njengoba kuhlinzekwe i-NGINX) ku-PHP. Sisebenzisa ucezu lwekhodi ukuze simise lokhu.
- I-WordPress idinga i-HTTPS ukuze ungene ngemvume
- Isakhiwo se-URL esimisiwe sisekelwe kuzinsiza
- Isetha izimvume ezifanele ohlelweni lwefayela lwenkomba ye-WordPress.
ikhodi yombhalo
if [ ! -d /var/www/wordpress ]; then
# Create WordPress directories
mkdir -p /var/www/wordpress
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www
# Download WordPress using the WordPress CLI
echo " Installing WordPress"
su -s /bin/sh -c 'wp --path=/var/www/wordpress core download' www-data
WP_CONFIG_CREATE_CMD="wp --path=/var/www/wordpress config create --extra-php --dbname=wordpress --dbuser=wordpress --dbhost="localhost:/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock" --dbpass="${WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD}""
# This snippet is injected into the wp-config.php file when it is created;
# it informs WordPress that we are behind a reverse proxy and as such
# allows it to generate links using HTTPS
cat > /tmp/wp_forwarded_for.php << 'EOM'
/* Turn HTTPS 'on' if HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO matches 'https' */
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO']) && strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'], 'https') !== false) {
$_SERVER['HTTPS'] = 'on';
}
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST'])) {
$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST'];
}
EOM
# Create WordPress configuration
su -s /bin/sh -p -c "cat /tmp/wp_forwarded_for.php | ${WP_CONFIG_CREATE_CMD}" www-data
rm /tmp/wp_forwarded_for.php
su -s /bin/sh -p -c "wp --path=/var/www/wordpress config set 'FORCE_SSL_ADMIN' 'true'" www-data
# Install WordPress
WP_SITE_INSTALL_CMD="wp --path=/var/www/wordpress core install --url="${WORDPRESS_URL}" --title="${WORDPRESS_SITE_TITLE}" --admin_user="${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_USER}" --admin_password="${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_PASSWORD}" --admin_email="${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_EMAIL}" --skip-email"
su -s /bin/sh -p -c "${WP_SITE_INSTALL_CMD}" www-data
# Set permalink structure to a sensible default that isn't in the UI
su -s /bin/sh -p -c "wp --path=/var/www/wordpress option update permalink_structure '/%year%/%monthnum%/%postname%/'" www-data
# Remove sample file because it is cruft and could be a security problem
rm /var/www/wordpress/wp-config-sample.php
# Ensure that WordPress permissions are correct
find /var/www/wordpress -type d -exec chmod g+s {} ;
chmod g+w /var/www/wordpress/wp-content
chmod -R g+w /var/www/wordpress/wp-content/themes
chmod -R g+w /var/www/wordpress/wp-content/plugins
fi
Isetha Iyunithi ye-NGINX
Umbhalo ulungiselela Iyunithi ye-NGINX ukuze iqhube i-PHP futhi icubungule izindlela ze-WordPress, ihlukanise indawo yegama lenqubo ye-PHP futhi ithuthukise izilungiselelo zokusebenza. Kunezici ezintathu okufanele uzibheke lapha:
- Ukusekelwa kwezikhala zamagama kunqunywa yisimo, ngokusekelwe ekuhloleni ukuthi umbhalo uyasebenza esitsheni. Lokhu kuyadingeka ngoba ukusetha okuningi kweziqukathi akusekeli ukwethulwa kwesidleke kweziqukathi.
- Uma kunosekelo lwezikhala zamagama, khubaza indawo yamagama Inethiwekhi. Lokhu ukuvumela i-WordPress ukuthi ixhume kuzo zombili iziphetho futhi itholakale kuwebhu ngesikhathi esisodwa.
- Inombolo enkulu yezinqubo ichazwa kanje: (Inkumbulo etholakalayo yokusebenzisa i-MariaDB ne-NGINX Uniy)/(umkhawulo we-RAM ku-PHP + 5)
Leli nani lisethwe kuzilungiselelo zeyunithi ye-NGINX.
Leli nani liphinde lisho ukuthi kukhona okungenani izinqubo ezimbili ze-PHP ezisebenzayo, okubalulekile ngoba i-WordPress yenza izicelo eziningi ezivumelanayo kuyona ngokwayo, futhi ngaphandle kwezinqubo ezengeziwe, egijima isb. WP-Cron izophuka. Ungase ufune ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa le mikhawulo ngokusekelwe kuzilungiselelo zakho zasendaweni, ngenxa yokuthi izilungiselelo ezidalwe lapha ziyalondoloza. Ezinhlelweni eziningi zokukhiqiza, izilungiselelo ziphakathi kuka-10 no-100.
ikhodi yombhalo
if [ "${container:-unknown}" != "lxc" ] && [ "$(grep -m1 -a container=lxc /proc/1/environ | tr -d '')" == "" ]; then
NAMESPACES='"namespaces": {
"cgroup": true,
"credential": true,
"mount": true,
"network": false,
"pid": true,
"uname": true
}'
else
NAMESPACES='"namespaces": {}'
fi
PHP_MEM_LIMIT="$(grep 'memory_limit' /etc/php/7.4/embed/php.ini | tr -d ' ' | cut -f2 -d= | numfmt --from=iec)"
AVAIL_MEM="$(grep MemAvailable /proc/meminfo | tr -d ' kB' | cut -f2 -d: | numfmt --from-unit=K)"
MAX_PHP_PROCESSES="$(echo "${AVAIL_MEM}/${PHP_MEM_LIMIT}+5" | bc)"
echo " Calculated the maximum number of PHP processes as ${MAX_PHP_PROCESSES}. You may want to tune this value due to variations in your configuration. It is not unusual to see values between 10-100 in production configurations."
echo " Configuring NGINX Unit to use PHP and WordPress"
cat > /tmp/wordpress.json << EOM
{
"settings": {
"http": {
"header_read_timeout": 30,
"body_read_timeout": 30,
"send_timeout": 30,
"idle_timeout": 180,
"max_body_size": $(numfmt --from=iec ${UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE})
}
},
"listeners": {
"127.0.0.1:8080": {
"pass": "routes/wordpress"
}
},
"routes": {
"wordpress": [
{
"match": {
"uri": [
"*.php",
"*.php/*",
"/wp-admin/"
]
},
"action": {
"pass": "applications/wordpress/direct"
}
},
{
"action": {
"share": "/var/www/wordpress",
"fallback": {
"pass": "applications/wordpress/index"
}
}
}
]
},
"applications": {
"wordpress": {
"type": "php",
"user": "www-data",
"group": "www-data",
"processes": {
"max": ${MAX_PHP_PROCESSES},
"spare": 1
},
"isolation": {
${NAMESPACES}
},
"targets": {
"direct": {
"root": "/var/www/wordpress/"
},
"index": {
"root": "/var/www/wordpress/",
"script": "index.php"
}
}
}
}
}
EOM
curl -X PUT --data-binary @/tmp/wordpress.json --unix-socket /run/control.unit.sock http://localhost/config
Isetha i-NGINX
Ilungiselela Izilungiselelo Eziyisisekelo ze-NGINX
Iskripthi sidala uhla lwemibhalo lwenqolobane ye-NGINX bese sidala ifayela eliyinhloko lokucushwa nginx.conf
. Naka inani lezinqubo zesibambi kanye nokulungiselelwa kobukhulu besayizi lefayela ukuze lilayishwe. Kukhona futhi umugqa ohlanganisa ifayela lezilungiselelo zokucindezelwa elichazwe esigabeni esilandelayo, elilandelwa izilungiselelo zesikhashana.
ikhodi yombhalo
# Make directory for NGINX cache
mkdir -p /var/cache/nginx/proxy
echo " Configuring NGINX"
cat > ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/nginx.conf << EOM
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
client_max_body_size ${UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE};
keepalive_timeout 65;
# gzip settings
include ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/gzip_compression.conf;
# Cache settings
proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/proxy
levels=1:2
keys_zone=wp_cache:10m
max_size=10g
inactive=60m
use_temp_path=off;
include ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/conf.d/*.conf;
}
EOM
Isetha ukucindezelwa kwe-NGINX
Ukucindezela okuqukethwe endizeni ngaphambi kokukuthumela kumakhasimende kuyindlela enhle yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesayithi, kodwa kuphela uma ukucindezela kulungiselelwe ngendlela efanele. Lesi sigaba sombhalo sisekelwe kuzilungiselelo
ikhodi yombhalo
cat > ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/gzip_compression.conf << 'EOM'
# Credit: https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-nginx/
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Compression |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_gzip_module.html
# Enable gzip compression.
# Default: off
gzip on;
# Compression level (1-9).
# 5 is a perfect compromise between size and CPU usage, offering about 75%
# reduction for most ASCII files (almost identical to level 9).
# Default: 1
gzip_comp_level 6;
# Don't compress anything that's already small and unlikely to shrink much if at
# all (the default is 20 bytes, which is bad as that usually leads to larger
# files after gzipping).
# Default: 20
gzip_min_length 256;
# Compress data even for clients that are connecting to us via proxies,
# identified by the "Via" header (required for CloudFront).
# Default: off
gzip_proxied any;
# Tell proxies to cache both the gzipped and regular version of a resource
# whenever the client's Accept-Encoding capabilities header varies;
# Avoids the issue where a non-gzip capable client (which is extremely rare
# today) would display gibberish if their proxy gave them the gzipped version.
# Default: off
gzip_vary on;
# Compress all output labeled with one of the following MIME-types.
# `text/html` is always compressed by gzip module.
# Default: text/html
gzip_types
application/atom+xml
application/geo+json
application/javascript
application/x-javascript
application/json
application/ld+json
application/manifest+json
application/rdf+xml
application/rss+xml
application/vnd.ms-fontobject
application/wasm
application/x-web-app-manifest+json
application/xhtml+xml
application/xml
font/eot
font/otf
font/ttf
image/bmp
image/svg+xml
text/cache-manifest
text/calendar
text/css
text/javascript
text/markdown
text/plain
text/xml
text/vcard
text/vnd.rim.location.xloc
text/vtt
text/x-component
text/x-cross-domain-policy;
EOM
Ukusetha i-NGINX ye-WordPress
Okulandelayo, iskripthi sidala ifayela lokucushwa le-WordPress okuzenzakalelayo.conf kukhathalogi conf.d. Ilungiselelwe lapha:
- Ukwenza kusebenze izitifiketi ze-TLS ezitholwe kokuthi Masibethele nge-Certbot (ukuyimisa kuzoba esigabeni esilandelayo)
- Ilungiselela izilungiselelo zokuphepha ze-TLS ngokusekelwe ezincomweni ezivela ku-Let's Encrypt
- Nika amandla izicelo zokweqa kunqolobane ihora elingu-1 ngokuzenzakalelayo
- Khubaza ukungena ngemvume, kanye nokungena ngephutha uma ifayela lingatholakali, kumafayela amabili ajwayelekile aceliwe: favicon.ico kanye ne-robots.txt
- Vimbela ukufinyelela kumafayela afihliwe namanye amafayela .phpukuvimbela ukufinyelela okungekho emthethweni noma ukuqala okungahlosiwe
- Khubaza ukungena ngemvume kumafayela amile kanye nefonti
- Ukulungiselelwa kweheda
Ukulawula Ukufinyelela-Vumela-Imvelaphi kumafayela efonti - Ingeza umzila we-index.php namanye ama-statics.
ikhodi yombhalo
cat > ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/conf.d/default.conf << EOM
upstream unit_php_upstream {
server 127.0.0.1:8080;
keepalive 32;
}
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
# ACME-challenge used by Certbot for Let's Encrypt
location ^~ /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
root /var/www/certbot;
}
location / {
return 301 https://${TLS_HOSTNAME}$request_uri;
}
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name ${TLS_HOSTNAME};
root /var/www/wordpress/;
# Let's Encrypt configuration
ssl_certificate ${CERT_DIR}/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key ${CERT_DIR}/privkey.pem;
ssl_trusted_certificate ${CERT_DIR}/chain.pem;
include ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/options-ssl-nginx.conf;
ssl_dhparam ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/ssl-dhparams.pem;
# OCSP stapling
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
# Proxy caching
proxy_cache wp_cache;
proxy_cache_valid 200 302 1h;
proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;
proxy_cache_revalidate on;
proxy_cache_background_update on;
proxy_cache_lock on;
proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# Deny all attempts to access hidden files such as .htaccess, .htpasswd,
# .DS_Store (Mac)
# Keep logging the requests to parse later (or to pass to firewall utilities
# such as fail2ban)
location ~ /. {
deny all;
}
# Deny access to any files with a .php extension in the uploads directory;
# works in subdirectory installs and also in multi-site network.
# Keep logging the requests to parse later (or to pass to firewall utilities
# such as fail2ban).
location ~* /(?:uploads|files)/.*.php$ {
deny all;
}
# WordPress: deny access to wp-content, wp-includes PHP files
location ~* ^/(?:wp-content|wp-includes)/.*.php$ {
deny all;
}
# Deny public access to wp-config.php
location ~* wp-config.php {
deny all;
}
# Do not log access for static assets, media
location ~* .(?:css(.map)?|js(.map)?|jpe?g|png|gif|ico|cur|heic|webp|tiff?|mp3|m4a|aac|ogg|midi?|wav|mp4|mov|webm|mpe?g|avi|ogv|flv|wmv)$ {
access_log off;
}
location ~* .(?:svgz?|ttf|ttc|otf|eot|woff2?)$ {
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*";
access_log off;
}
location / {
try_files $uri @index_php;
}
location @index_php {
proxy_socket_keepalive on;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Connection "";
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://unit_php_upstream;
}
location ~* .php$ {
proxy_socket_keepalive on;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Connection "";
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
try_files $uri =404;
proxy_pass http://unit_php_upstream;
}
}
EOM
Isetha i-Certbot yezitifiketi ezivela ku-Asibethele futhi sizivuselele ngokuzenzakalela
- Imisa i-NGINX
- Ukulanda okunconyiwe kwezilungiselelo ze-TLS
- Isebenzisa i-Certbot ukuthola izitifiketi zesayithi
- Iqala kabusha i-NGINX ukuze isebenzise izitifiketi
- Ilungiselela i-Certbot ukuthi isebenze nsuku zonke ngo-3:24 AM ukuze ihlole ukuthi izitifiketi zidinga ukuvuselelwa, futhi uma kudingeka, landa izitifiketi ezintsha bese uqala kabusha i-NGINX.
ikhodi yombhalo
echo " Stopping NGINX in order to set up Let's Encrypt"
service nginx stop
mkdir -p /var/www/certbot
chown www-data:www-data /var/www/certbot
chmod g+s /var/www/certbot
if [ ! -f ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/options-ssl-nginx.conf ]; then
echo " Downloading recommended TLS parameters"
curl --retry 6 -Ls -z "Tue, 14 Apr 2020 16:36:07 GMT"
-o "${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/options-ssl-nginx.conf"
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/certbot/certbot/master/certbot-nginx/certbot_nginx/_internal/tls_configs/options-ssl-nginx.conf"
|| echo "Couldn't download latest options-ssl-nginx.conf"
fi
if [ ! -f ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/ssl-dhparams.pem ]; then
echo " Downloading recommended TLS DH parameters"
curl --retry 6 -Ls -z "Tue, 14 Apr 2020 16:49:18 GMT"
-o "${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/ssl-dhparams.pem"
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/certbot/certbot/master/certbot/certbot/ssl-dhparams.pem"
|| echo "Couldn't download latest ssl-dhparams.pem"
fi
# If tls_certs_init.sh hasn't been run before, remove the self-signed certs
if [ ! -d "/etc/letsencrypt/accounts" ]; then
echo " Removing self-signed certificates"
rm -rf "${CERT_DIR}"
fi
if [ "" = "${LETS_ENCRYPT_STAGING:-}" ] || [ "0" = "${LETS_ENCRYPT_STAGING}" ]; then
CERTBOT_STAGING_FLAG=""
else
CERTBOT_STAGING_FLAG="--staging"
fi
if [ ! -f "${CERT_DIR}/fullchain.pem" ]; then
echo " Generating certificates with Let's Encrypt"
certbot certonly --standalone
-m "${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_EMAIL}"
${CERTBOT_STAGING_FLAG}
--agree-tos --force-renewal --non-interactive
-d "${TLS_HOSTNAME}"
fi
echo " Starting NGINX in order to use new configuration"
service nginx start
# Write crontab for periodic Let's Encrypt cert renewal
if [ "$(crontab -l | grep -m1 'certbot renew')" == "" ]; then
echo " Adding certbot to crontab for automatic Let's Encrypt renewal"
(crontab -l 2>/dev/null; echo "24 3 * * * certbot renew --nginx --post-hook 'service nginx reload'") | crontab -
fi
Ukwenza ngokwezifiso okwengeziwe kwesayithi lakho
Sikhulume ngenhla ngokuthi iskripthi sethu siyimisa kanjani i-NGINX kanye ne-NGINX Unit ukuze isebenze isayithi elilungele ukukhiqiza eline-TLSSSL enikwe amandla. Ungakwazi futhi, kuye ngezidingo zakho, ukwengeza esikhathini esizayo:
- ukusekela
U-Brotli , ukucindezelwa okuthuthukisiwe lapho undiza phezu kwe-HTTPS I-ModSecurity Ρimithetho ye-wordpress ukuvimbela ukuhlasela okuzenzakalelayo kusayithi lakhoIsipele ye-WordPress evumelana naweUkuvikelwa ngosizo lweI-AppArmor (Ubuntu)- I-Postfix noma i-msmtp ukuze i-WordPress ikwazi ukuthumela imeyili
- Ukuhlola isayithi lakho ukuze uqonde ukuthi ingakanani ithrafikhi engakwazi ukuyiphatha
Ukuze uthole ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu kwesayithi, sincoma ukuthi uthuthukele ku
NB Ukuze uthole ukusekelwa kwesayithi elayishwe kakhulu, ungaxhumana nochwepheshe
I-Southbridge . Sizoqinisekisa ukusebenza okusheshayo nokuthembekile kwewebhusayithi yakho noma isevisi ngaphansi kwanoma yimuphi umthwalo.
Source: www.habr.com