Sizenzakalela ukufakwa WordPress ne-NGINX Unit kanye Ubuntu

Kunezinto eziningi zokufaka ezitholakalayo. WordPress, Ukusesha amagama angukhiye ku-Google "WordPress "install" izobuyisa imiphumela engaba yisigamu sesigidi. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwazo, empeleni zimbalwa kakhulu iziqondiso eziwusizo zokufaka nokulungiselela WordPress kanye nesistimu yokusebenza eyisisekelo ukuze zisekelwe isikhathi eside. Mhlawumbe izilungiselelo ezifanele zincike kakhulu ezidingweni ezithile, noma mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokuthi incazelo eningiliziwe yenza lesi sihloko sibe nzima ukusifunda.

Kulesi sihloko, sizozama ukuhlanganisa izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zombili ngokunikeza iskripthi se-bash sokufakwa okuzenzakalelayo. WordPress on UbuntuSizophinde sihambe ngayo, sichaze ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye yenzani kanye nezindlela esizivumelanise ngazo ekuthuthukisweni kwayo. Uma ungumsebenzisi onolwazi, ungawudlula umbhalo bese umane thatha iskripthi ukuze kuguqulwe futhi kusetshenziswe ezindaweni zakho. Umphumela wesikripthi uwukufakwa ngokwezifiso. WordPress ngokusekelwa kwe-Let's Encrypt, isebenza ku-NGINX Unit futhi ifanele ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni.

Izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zokuthunyelwa WordPress Ukusebenzisa i-NGINX Unit kuchazwe ku- isihloko esidala, manje sizophinde silungise izinto ebezingahlanganiswa lapho (njengakwezinye izifundo eziningi):

• WordPress CLI
• Masibhale Ngemfihlo kanye Nezitifiketi Ze-TLSSSL
• Ukuvuselela okuzenzakalelayo kwezitifiketi
• I-NGINX caching
• Ukucindezela kwe-NGINX
• Ukusekelwa kwe-HTTPS ne-HTTP/2
• Inqubo ye-Automation

I-athikili izochaza ukufakwa kuseva eyodwa, okuzobamba kanyekanye iseva yokucubungula emile, iseva yokucubungula ye-PHP, kanye nesizindalwazi. Ukufakwa okusekela abasingathi abaningi be-virtual namasevisi kuyisihloko esingaba khona sesikhathi esizayo. Uma ufuna ukuthi sibhale ngento engekho kulezi zihloko, bhala kumazwana.

izidingo

• Iseva yesitsha (I-LXC noma I-LXD), umshini obonakalayo, noma iseva yehadiwe evamile, okungenani ene-RAM engu-512 MB futhi efakiwe Ubuntu 18.04 noma kamuva.
• Izimbobo ezifinyeleleka ku-inthanethi 80 kanye ne-443
• Igama lesizinda elihlotshaniswa nekheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi lomphakathi lale seva
• Ukufinyelela kwezimpande (sudo).

Uhlolojikelele lwezakhiwo

I-architecture iyafana njengoba kuchaziwe phambilini, uhlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu olunezigaba ezintathu. Iqukethe imibhalo ye-PHP esebenza enjinini ye-PHP namafayela amile acutshungulwa yiseva yewebhu.

Izimiso ezijwayelekile

• Imiyalo eminingi yokumisa embhalweni isongwe uma izimo zokungabi namandla: iskripthi singasebenza izikhathi eziningi ngaphandle kwengozi yokuguqula izilungiselelo esezivele zikhona.
• Umbhalo uzama ukufaka isoftware kumakhosombe, ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa izibuyekezo zesistimu ngomyalo owodwa (apt upgrade ngoba Ubuntu).
• Imiyalo izama ukuthola ukuthi isebenza esitsheni ukuze ikwazi ukushintsha izilungiselelo zayo ngokufanele.
• Ukuze usethe inani lezinqubo zentambo ezizoqala kuzilungiselelo, iskripthi sizama ukuqagela izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo zokusebenza ezitsheni, imishini ebonakalayo, namaseva wehadiwe.
• Uma sichaza izilungiselelo, sihlala sicabanga kuqala ngokuzenzakalelayo, esithemba ukuthi kuzoba yisisekelo sokudala ingqalasizinda yakho njengekhodi.
• Yonke imiyalo isetshenziswa njengomsebenzisi izimpande, ngoba zishintsha izilungiselelo zesistimu eyinhloko, kodwa ngokuqondile WordPress isebenza kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile.

Ukusetha okuguquguqukayo kwendawo

Setha okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo okulandelayo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa iskripthi:

• WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD — iphasiwedi ku-database WordPress
• WORDPRESS_ADMIN_USER — igama lomlawuli WordPress
• WORDPRESS_ADMIN_PASSWORD — iphasiwedi yomlawuli WordPress
• WORDPRESS_ADMIN_EMAIL — i-imeyili yomlawuli WordPress
• WORDPRESS_URL — i-URL yewebhusayithi ephelele WordPress, kuqala nge https://.
• LETS_ENCRYPT_STAGING - ayinalutho ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa ngokubeka inani ku-1, uzosebenzisa amaseva wesiteji esithi Masibethele, adingekayo ukuze uvame ukucela izitifiketi lapho uhlola izilungiselelo zakho, ngaphandle kwalokho, Masibhale Ngemfihlo singavimba okwesikhashana ikheli lakho le-ip ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezicelo.

Iskripthi sihlola ukuthi lokhu kuhlobene WordPress Iziguquguquko zisethiwe, futhi ziyaphuma uma kungenjalo.
Imigqa yesikripthi 572-576 hlola inani LETS_ENCRYPT_STAGING.

Ukusetha okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo okutholiwe

Iskripthi emigqeni 55-61 sisetha okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo okulandelayo, kungaba inani elinekhodi eliqinile noma kusetshenziswa inani elitholwe kokuguquguqukayo okusethwe esigabeni sangaphambilini:

• DEBIAN_FRONTEND="noninteractive" - Itshela izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthi zisebenza kuskripthi futhi akukho okungenzeka kokusebenzelana komsebenzisi.
• WORDPRESS_CLI_VERSION="2.4.0" — inguqulo yohlelo lokusebenza WordPress I-CLI.
• WORDPRESS_CLI_MD5= "dedd5a662b80cda66e9e25d44c23b25c" — ukuhlolwa kwefayela elisebenzisekayo WordPress I-CLI 2.4.0 (inguqulo ichazwe ku-variable WORDPRESS_CLI_VERSION). Isikripthi esikulayini 162 sisebenzisa leli nani ukuhlola ukuthi ifayela elifanele lilandiwe. WordPress I-CLI.
• UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE="16M" — usayizi wefayela omkhulu ongalayishwa WordPressLesi silungiselelo sisetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningana, ngakho-ke kulula ukusibeka endaweni eyodwa.
• TLS_HOSTNAME= "$(echo ${WORDPRESS_URL} | cut -d'/' -f3)" — igama lomphathi wesistimu, elithathwe ku-WORDPRESS_URL variable. Lisetshenziselwa ukuthola izitifiketi ze-TLS/SSL ezifanele ezivela ku-Let's Encrypt, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwangaphakathi. WordPress.
• NGINX_CONF_DIR="/etc/nginx" - indlela eya kumkhombandlela enezilungiselelo ze-NGINX, kufaka phakathi ifayela eliyinhloko nginx.conf.
• CERT_DIR="/etc/letsencrypt/live/${TLS_HOSTNAME}" — indlela eya ezitifiketini ze-Let's Encrypt zesayithi WordPress, etholwe ku-variable TLS_HOSTNAME.

Isabelo segama lomphathi WordPress iseva

Umbhalo usetha igama lomethuleli weseva ukuthi lifane negama lesizinda sesayithi. Lokhu akudingekile, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuthumela imeyili ephumayo nge-SMTP lapho usetha iseva eyodwa, njengoba kumiswe umbhalo.

ikhodi yombhalo

# Change the hostname to be the same as the WordPress hostname
if [ ! "$(hostname)" == "${TLS_HOSTNAME}" ]; then
  echo " Changing hostname to ${TLS_HOSTNAME}"
  hostnamectl set-hostname "${TLS_HOSTNAME}"
fi

Yengeza igama lomethuleli ku-/etc/hosts

Ukwengeza I-WP-Cron esetshenziswa ukwenza imisebenzi yezikhathi ezithile, idinga lokho WordPress ingakwazi ukuzifinyelela nge-HTTP. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-WP-Cron isebenza kahle kuzo zonke izindawo, iskripthi sinezela umugqa kufayela / njll / amabamba, ngakho WordPress ingazifinyelela ngokwayo ngokusebenzisa isikhombikubona se-loopback:

ikhodi yombhalo

# Add the hostname to /etc/hosts
if [ "$(grep -m1 "${TLS_HOSTNAME}" /etc/hosts)" = "" ]; then
  echo " Adding hostname ${TLS_HOSTNAME} to /etc/hosts so that WordPress can ping itself"
  printf "::1 %sn127.0.0.1 %sn" "${TLS_HOSTNAME}" "${TLS_HOSTNAME}" >> /etc/hosts
fi

Ukufaka amathuluzi adingekayo ezinyathelweni ezilandelayo

Esinye isikripthi sidinga ezinye izinhlelo futhi sicabanga ukuthi amakhosombe asesikhathini samanje. Sibuyekeza uhlu lwamakhosombe, emva kwalokho sifaka amathuluzi adingekayo:

ikhodi yombhalo

# Make sure tools needed for install are present
echo " Installing prerequisite tools"
apt-get -qq update
apt-get -qq install -y 
  bc 
  ca-certificates 
  coreutils 
  curl 
  gnupg2 
  lsb-release

Ukwengeza Iyunithi ye-NGINX kanye namakhosombe we-NGINX

Umbhalo ufaka Iyunithi ye-NGINX kanye nomthombo ovulekile we-NGINX osuka kumakhosombe asemthethweni e-NGINX ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi izinguqulo ezinamapeshi akamuva okuvikela nokulungiswa kweziphazamisi ziyasetshenziswa.

Umbhalo wengeza inqolobane ye-NGINX Unit bese kuba indawo yokugcina ye-NGINX, wengeza ukhiye wamakhosombe kanye namafayela okumisa. apt, echaza ukufinyelela kumakhosombe nge-inthanethi.

Ukufakwa kwangempela kwe-NGINX Unit kanye ne-NGINX kwenzeka esigabeni esilandelayo. Sengeza kuqala amakhosombe ukuze kungadingeki sibuyekeze imethadatha izikhathi eziningi, okwenza ukufakwa kusheshe.

ikhodi yombhalo

# Install the NGINX Unit repository
if [ ! -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/unit.list ]; then
  echo " Installing NGINX Unit repository"
  curl -fsSL https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | apt-key add -
  echo "deb https://packages.nginx.org/unit/ubuntu/ $(lsb_release -cs) unit" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/unit.list
fi

# Install the NGINX repository
if [ ! -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list ]; then
  echo " Installing NGINX repository"
  curl -fsSL https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | apt-key add -
  echo "deb https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) nginx" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list
fi

Ukufaka i-NGINX, i-NGINX Unit, i-PHP MariaDB, i-Certbot (Asibethele) kanye nokuncika kwayo

Uma zonke izindawo zokugcina sezingeziwe, sibuyekeza imethadatha bese sifaka izinhlelo zokusebenza. Amaphakheji afakwe yiskripthi afaka nezandiso ze-PHP ezinconywayo ekuqaleni. WordPress.org

ikhodi yombhalo

echo " Updating repository metadata"
apt-get -qq update

# Install PHP with dependencies and NGINX Unit
echo " Installing PHP, NGINX Unit, NGINX, Certbot, and MariaDB"
apt-get -qq install -y --no-install-recommends 
  certbot 
  python3-certbot-nginx 
  php-cli 
  php-common 
  php-bcmath 
  php-curl 
  php-gd 
  php-imagick 
  php-mbstring 
  php-mysql 
  php-opcache 
  php-xml 
  php-zip 
  ghostscript 
  nginx 
  unit 
  unit-php 
  mariadb-server

Ukulungiselela i-PHP ukuze isetshenziswe ne-NGINX Unit kanye WordPress

Umbhalo udala ifayela lezilungiselelo ohlwini lwemibhalo conf.d. Lokhu kusetha usayizi omkhulu wokulayishwa kwe-PHP, kuvula okukhiphayo kwephutha le-PHP ku-STDERR ngakho azobhalwa kulogi yeyunithi ye-NGINX, futhi iqale kabusha Iyunithi ye-NGINX.

ikhodi yombhalo

# Find the major and minor PHP version so that we can write to its conf.d directory
PHP_MAJOR_MINOR_VERSION="$(php -v | head -n1 | cut -d' ' -f2 | cut -d'.' -f1,2)"

if [ ! -f "/etc/php/${PHP_MAJOR_MINOR_VERSION}/embed/conf.d/30-wordpress-overrides.ini" ]; then
  echo " Configuring PHP for use with NGINX Unit and WordPress"
  # Add PHP configuration overrides
  cat > "/etc/php/${PHP_MAJOR_MINOR_VERSION}/embed/conf.d/30-wordpress-overrides.ini" << EOM
; Set a larger maximum upload size so that WordPress can handle
; bigger media files.
upload_max_filesize=${UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE}
post_max_size=${UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE}
; Write error log to STDERR so that error messages show up in the NGINX Unit log
error_log=/dev/stderr
EOM
fi

# Restart NGINX Unit because we have reconfigured PHP
echo " Restarting NGINX Unit"
service unit restart

Ukusetha izilungiselelo zedathabheyisi ye-MariaDB ye WordPress

Sikhethe i-MariaDB kune-MySQL njengoba inomsebenzi omningi womphakathi futhi kungenzeka futhi inikeza ukusebenza okungcono ngokuzenzakalelayo (mhlawumbe, yonke into ilula lapha: ukufaka i-MySQL, udinga ukwengeza enye inqolobane, cishe. umhumushi).

Iskripthi sidala isizindalwazi esisha futhi sidala iziqinisekiso zokufinyelela. WordPress ngokusebenzisa isikhombikubona se-loopback:

ikhodi yombhalo

# Set up the WordPress database
echo " Configuring MariaDB for WordPress"
mysqladmin create wordpress || echo "Ignoring above error because database may already exist"
mysql -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress.* TO "wordpress"@"localhost" IDENTIFIED BY "$WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD"; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"

Ukufaka uhlelo WordPress CLI

Kulesi sinyathelo, umbhalo ufaka uhlelo I-WP-CLINgosizo lwayo ungakwazi ukusetha nokuphatha izilungiselelo WordPress ngaphandle kokuhlela amafayela ngesandla, ukubuyekeza isizindalwazi, noma ukungena ngemvume kuphaneli yokulawula. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukufaka izingqikithi kanye nezengezo nokwenza izibuyekezo. WordPress.

ikhodi yombhalo

if [ ! -f /usr/local/bin/wp ]; then
  # Install the WordPress CLI
  echo " Installing the WordPress CLI tool"
  curl --retry 6 -Ls "https://github.com/wp-cli/wp-cli/releases/download/v${WORDPRESS_CLI_VERSION}/wp-cli-${WORDPRESS_CLI_VERSION}.phar" > /usr/local/bin/wp
  echo "$WORDPRESS_CLI_MD5 /usr/local/bin/wp" | md5sum -c -
  chmod +x /usr/local/bin/wp
fi

Ukufakwa nokumiswa WordPress

Isikripthi sifaka inguqulo yakamuva WordPress kukhathalogi /var/www/wordpressfuthi ishintsha izilungiselelo:

• Uxhumano lwesizindalwazi lusebenza phezu kwesokhethi yesizinda se-unix esikhundleni se-TCP ku-loopback ukuze kwehliswe ithrafikhi ye-TCP.
• WordPress unezela isiqalo https:// ku-URL uma amakhasimende exhumeka ku-NGINX nge-HTTPS, aphinde athumele igama lomethuleli wesilawuli kude (njengoba kuhlinzekwe i-NGINX) ku-PHP. Sisebenzisa ucezu lwekhodi ukuze simise lokhu.
• WordPress I-HTTPS iyadingeka ukuze ungene ngemvume
• Isakhiwo se-URL esimisiwe sisekelwe kuzinsiza
• Izimvume zesistimu yefayela ezifanele zisethelwe kufolda. WordPress.

ikhodi yombhalo

if [ ! -d /var/www/wordpress ]; then
  # Create WordPress directories
  mkdir -p /var/www/wordpress
  chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www

  # Download WordPress using the WordPress CLI
  echo " Installing WordPress"
  su -s /bin/sh -c 'wp --path=/var/www/wordpress core download' www-data

  WP_CONFIG_CREATE_CMD="wp --path=/var/www/wordpress config create --extra-php --dbname=wordpress --dbuser=wordpress --dbhost="localhost:/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock" --dbpass="${WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD}""

  # This snippet is injected into the wp-config.php file when it is created;
  # it informs WordPress that we are behind a reverse proxy and as such
  # allows it to generate links using HTTPS
  cat > /tmp/wp_forwarded_for.php << 'EOM'
/* Turn HTTPS 'on' if HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO matches 'https' */
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO']) && strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'], 'https') !== false) {
    $_SERVER['HTTPS'] = 'on';
}
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST'])) {
    $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST'];
}
EOM

  # Create WordPress configuration
  su -s /bin/sh -p -c "cat /tmp/wp_forwarded_for.php | ${WP_CONFIG_CREATE_CMD}" www-data
  rm /tmp/wp_forwarded_for.php
  su -s /bin/sh -p -c "wp --path=/var/www/wordpress config set 'FORCE_SSL_ADMIN' 'true'" www-data

  # Install WordPress
  WP_SITE_INSTALL_CMD="wp --path=/var/www/wordpress core install --url="${WORDPRESS_URL}" --data-gt-translate-attributes='["title"]' title="${WORDPRESS_SITE_TITLE}" --admin_user="${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_USER}" --admin_password="${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_PASSWORD}" --admin_email="${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_EMAIL}" --skip-email"
  su -s /bin/sh -p -c "${WP_SITE_INSTALL_CMD}" www-data

  # Set permalink structure to a sensible default that isn't in the UI
  su -s /bin/sh -p -c "wp --path=/var/www/wordpress option update permalink_structure '/%year%/%monthnum%/%postname%/'" www-data

  # Remove sample file because it is cruft and could be a security problem
  rm /var/www/wordpress/wp-config-sample.php

  # Ensure that WordPress permissions are correct
  find /var/www/wordpress -type d -exec chmod g+s {} ;
  chmod g+w /var/www/wordpress/wp-content
  chmod -R g+w /var/www/wordpress/wp-content/themes
  chmod -R g+w /var/www/wordpress/wp-content/plugins
fi

Isetha Iyunithi ye-NGINX

Iskripthi silungiselela i-NGINX Unit ukuze isebenze i-PHP futhi iphathe izindlela. WordPress, ukuhlukanisa isikhala segama lenqubo ye-PHP nokuthuthukisa izilungiselelo zokusebenza. Kunezici ezintathu okufanele ziqashelwe:

• Ukusekelwa kwezikhala zamagama kunqunywa yisimo, ngokusekelwe ekuhloleni ukuthi umbhalo uyasebenza esitsheni. Lokhu kuyadingeka ngoba ukusetha okuningi kweziqukathi akusekeli ukwethulwa kwesidleke kweziqukathi.
• Uma kunosekelo lwezikhala zamagama, khubaza indawo yamagama InethiwekhiLokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuvunyelwe WordPress xhuma ngasikhathi sinye kuma-endpoints futhi utholakale ku-inthanethi.
• Inombolo enkulu yezinqubo ichazwa kanje: (Inkumbulo etholakalayo yokusebenzisa i-MariaDB ne-NGINX Uniy)/(umkhawulo we-RAM ku-PHP + 5)
  Leli nani lisethwe kuzilungiselelo zeyunithi ye-NGINX.

Leli nani lisho nokuthi kuhlale kunezinqubo okungenani ezimbili ze-PHP ezisebenzayo, okubalulekile ngoba WordPress yenza izicelo eziningi ezingahambisani, futhi ngaphandle kwezinqubo ezengeziwe, ukusebenza, isibonelo, i-WP-Cron, kuzohluleka. Ungase ufune ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa le mikhawulo ngokusekelwe kuzilungiselelo zakho zasendaweni, njengoba izilungiselelo ezidalwe lapha zingokugcina. Ezinhlelweni eziningi zokukhiqiza, izilungiselelo ziphakathi kuka-10 no-100.

ikhodi yombhalo

if [ "${container:-unknown}" != "lxc" ] && [ "$(grep -m1 -a container=lxc /proc/1/environ | tr -d ' ')" == "" ]; then
  NAMESPACES='"namespaces": {
        "cgroup": true,
        "credential": true,
        "mount": true,
        "network": false,
        "pid": true,
        "uname": true
    }'
else
  NAMESPACES='"namespaces": {}'
fi

PHP_MEM_LIMIT="$(grep 'memory_limit' /etc/php/7.4/embed/php.ini | tr -d ' ' | cut -f2 -d= | numfmt --from=iec)"
AVAIL_MEM="$(grep MemAvailable /proc/meminfo | tr -d ' kB' | cut -f2 -d: | numfmt --from-unit=K)"
MAX_PHP_PROCESSES="$(echo "${AVAIL_MEM}/${PHP_MEM_LIMIT}+5" | bc)"
echo " Calculated the maximum number of PHP processes as ${MAX_PHP_PROCESSES}. You may want to tune this value due to variations in your configuration. It is not unusual to see values between 10-100 in production configurations."

echo " Configuring NGINX Unit to use PHP and WordPress"
cat > /tmp/wordpress.json << EOM
{
  "settings": {
    "http": {
      "header_read_timeout": 30,
      "body_read_timeout": 30,
      "send_timeout": 30,
      "idle_timeout": 180,
      "max_body_size": $(numfmt --from=iec ${UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE})
    }
  },
  "listeners": {
    "127.0.0.1:8080": {
      "pass": "routes/wordpress"
    }
  },
  "routes": {
    "wordpress": [
      {
        "match": {
          "uri": [
            "*.php",
            "*.php/*",
            "/wp-admin/"
          ]
        },
        "action": {
          "pass": "applications/wordpress/direct"
        }
      },
      {
        "action": {
          "share": "/var/www/wordpress",
          "fallback": {
            "pass": "applications/wordpress/index"
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "applications": {
    "wordpress": {
      "type": "php",
      "user": "www-data",
      "group": "www-data",
      "processes": {
        "max": ${MAX_PHP_PROCESSES},
        "spare": 1
      },
      "isolation": {
        ${NAMESPACES}
      },
      "targets": {
        "direct": {
          "root": "/var/www/wordpress/"
        },
        "index": {
          "root": "/var/www/wordpress/",
          "script": "index.php"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
EOM

curl -X PUT --data-binary @/tmp/wordpress.json --unix-socket /run/control.unit.sock http://localhost/config

Isetha i-NGINX

Ilungiselela Izilungiselelo Eziyisisekelo ze-NGINX

Iskripthi sidala uhla lwemibhalo lwenqolobane ye-NGINX bese sidala ifayela eliyinhloko lokucushwa nginx.conf. Naka inani lezinqubo zesibambi kanye nokulungiselelwa kobukhulu besayizi lefayela ukuze lilayishwe. Kukhona futhi umugqa ohlanganisa ifayela lezilungiselelo zokucindezelwa elichazwe esigabeni esilandelayo, elilandelwa izilungiselelo zesikhashana.

ikhodi yombhalo

# Make directory for NGINX cache
mkdir -p /var/cache/nginx/proxy

echo " Configuring NGINX"
cat > ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/nginx.conf << EOM
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    sendfile        on;
    client_max_body_size ${UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE};
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    # gzip settings
    include ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/gzip_compression.conf;
    # Cache settings
    proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/proxy
        levels=1:2
        keys_zone=wp_cache:10m
        max_size=10g
        inactive=60m
        use_temp_path=off;
    include ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/conf.d/*.conf;
}
EOM

Isetha ukucindezelwa kwe-NGINX

Ukucindezela okuqukethwe endizeni ngaphambi kokukuthumela kumakhasimende kuyindlela enhle yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesayithi, kodwa kuphela uma ukucindezela kulungiselelwe ngendlela efanele. Lesi sigaba sombhalo sisekelwe kuzilungiselelo kusuka lapha.

ikhodi yombhalo

cat > ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/gzip_compression.conf << 'EOM'
# Credit: https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-nginx/
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Compression                                                        |
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_gzip_module.html
# Enable gzip compression.
# Default: off
gzip on;
# Compression level (1-9).
# 5 is a perfect compromise between size and CPU usage, offering about 75%
# reduction for most ASCII files (almost identical to level 9).
# Default: 1
gzip_comp_level 6;
# Don't compress anything that's already small and unlikely to shrink much if at
# all (the default is 20 bytes, which is bad as that usually leads to larger
# files after gzipping).
# Default: 20
gzip_min_length 256;
# Compress data even for clients that are connecting to us via proxies,
# identified by the "Via" header (required for CloudFront).
# Default: off
gzip_proxied any;
# Tell proxies to cache both the gzipped and regular version of a resource
# whenever the client's Accept-Encoding capabilities header varies;
# Avoids the issue where a non-gzip capable client (which is extremely rare
# today) would display gibberish if their proxy gave them the gzipped version.
# Default: off
gzip_vary on;
# Compress all output labeled with one of the following MIME-types.
# `text/html` is always compressed by gzip module.
# Default: text/html
gzip_types
  application/atom+xml
  application/geo+json
  application/javascript
  application/x-javascript
  application/json
  application/ld+json
  application/manifest+json
  application/rdf+xml
  application/rss+xml
  application/vnd.ms-fontobject
  application/wasm
  application/x-web-app-manifest+json
  application/xhtml+xml
  application/xml
  font/eot
  font/otf
  font/ttf
  image/bmp
  image/svg+xml
  text/cache-manifest
  text/calendar
  text/css
  text/javascript
  text/markdown
  text/plain
  text/xml
  text/vcard
  text/vnd.rim.location.xloc
  text/vtt
  text/x-component
  text/x-cross-domain-policy;
EOM

Ukusetha i-NGINX ye WordPress

Okulandelayo, iskripthi sidala ifayela lokucushwa kwe WordPress okuzenzakalelayo.conf kukhathalogi conf.d. Ilungiselelwe lapha:

• Ukwenza kusebenze izitifiketi ze-TLS ezitholwe kokuthi Masibethele nge-Certbot (ukuyimisa kuzoba esigabeni esilandelayo)
• Ilungiselela izilungiselelo zokuphepha ze-TLS ngokusekelwe ezincomweni ezivela ku-Let's Encrypt
• Nika amandla izicelo zokweqa kunqolobane ihora elingu-1 ngokuzenzakalelayo
• Khubaza ukungena ngemvume, kanye nokungena ngephutha uma ifayela lingatholakali, kumafayela amabili ajwayelekile aceliwe: favicon.ico kanye ne-robots.txt
• Vimbela ukufinyelela kumafayela afihliwe namanye amafayela .phpukuvimbela ukufinyelela okungekho emthethweni noma ukuqala okungahlosiwe
• Khubaza ukungena ngemvume kumafayela amile kanye nefonti
• Ukulungiselelwa kweheda Ukulawula Ukufinyelela-Vumela-Imvelaphi kumafayela efonti
• Ingeza umzila we-index.php namanye ama-statics.

ikhodi yombhalo

cat > ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/conf.d/default.conf << EOM
upstream unit_php_upstream {
    server 127.0.0.1:8080;
    keepalive 32;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    # ACME-challenge used by Certbot for Let's Encrypt
    location ^~ /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
      root /var/www/certbot;
    }
    location / {
      return 301 https://${TLS_HOSTNAME}$request_uri;
    }
}
server {
    listen      443 ssl http2;
    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
    server_name ${TLS_HOSTNAME};
    root        /var/www/wordpress/;
    # Let's Encrypt configuration
    ssl_certificate         ${CERT_DIR}/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key     ${CERT_DIR}/privkey.pem;
    ssl_trusted_certificate ${CERT_DIR}/chain.pem;
    include ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/options-ssl-nginx.conf;
    ssl_dhparam ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/ssl-dhparams.pem;
    # OCSP stapling
    ssl_stapling on;
    ssl_stapling_verify on;
    # Proxy caching
    proxy_cache wp_cache;
    proxy_cache_valid 200 302 1h;
    proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;
    proxy_cache_revalidate on;
    proxy_cache_background_update on;
    proxy_cache_lock on;
    proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
    location = /favicon.ico {
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }
    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }

    # Deny all attempts to access hidden files such as .htaccess, .htpasswd,
    # .DS_Store (Mac)
    # Keep logging the requests to parse later (or to pass to firewall utilities
    # such as fail2ban)
    location ~ /. {
        deny all;
    }
    # Deny access to any files with a .php extension in the uploads directory;
    # works in subdirectory installs and also in multi-site network.
    # Keep logging the requests to parse later (or to pass to firewall utilities
    # such as fail2ban).
    location ~* /(?:uploads|files)/.*.php$ {
        deny all;
    }
    # WordPress: deny access to wp-content, wp-includes PHP files
    location ~* ^/(?:wp-content|wp-includes)/.*.php$ {
        deny all;
    }
    # Deny public access to wp-config.php
    location ~* wp-config.php {
        deny all;
    }
    # Do not log access for static assets, media
    location ~* .(?:css(.map)?|js(.map)?|jpe?g|png|gif|ico|cur|heic|webp|tiff?|mp3|m4a|aac|ogg|midi?|wav|mp4|mov|webm|mpe?g|avi|ogv|flv|wmv)$ {
        access_log off;
    }
    location ~* .(?:svgz?|ttf|ttc|otf|eot|woff2?)$ {
        add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*";
        access_log off;
    }
    location / {
        try_files $uri @index_php;
    }
    location @index_php {
        proxy_socket_keepalive on;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_pass       http://unit_php_upstream;
    }
    location ~* .php$ {
        proxy_socket_keepalive on;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        try_files        $uri =404;
        proxy_pass       http://unit_php_upstream;
    }
}
EOM

Isetha i-Certbot yezitifiketi ezivela ku-Asibethele futhi sizivuselele ngokuzenzakalela

Certbot iyithuluzi lamahhala le-Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) elikuvumela ukuthi uthole futhi uvuselele ngokuzenzakalelayo izitifiketi ze-TLS ku-Let's Encrypt. Umbhalo wenza lokhu okulandelayo ukuze ulungiselele i-Certbot ukucubungula izitifiketi kusuka ku-Asibethele ku-NGINX:

• Imisa i-NGINX
• Ukulanda okunconyiwe kwezilungiselelo ze-TLS
• Isebenzisa i-Certbot ukuthola izitifiketi zesayithi
• Iqala kabusha i-NGINX ukuze isebenzise izitifiketi
• Ilungiselela i-Certbot ukuthi isebenze nsuku zonke ngo-3:24 AM ukuze ihlole ukuthi izitifiketi zidinga ukuvuselelwa, futhi uma kudingeka, landa izitifiketi ezintsha bese uqala kabusha i-NGINX.

ikhodi yombhalo

echo " Stopping NGINX in order to set up Let's Encrypt"
service nginx stop

mkdir -p /var/www/certbot
chown www-data:www-data /var/www/certbot
chmod g+s /var/www/certbot

if [ ! -f ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/options-ssl-nginx.conf ]; then
  echo " Downloading recommended TLS parameters"
  curl --retry 6 -Ls -z "Tue, 14 Apr 2020 16:36:07 GMT" 
    -o "${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/options-ssl-nginx.conf" 
    "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/certbot/certbot/master/certbot-nginx/certbot_nginx/_internal/tls_configs/options-ssl-nginx.conf" 
    || echo "Couldn't download latest options-ssl-nginx.conf"
fi

if [ ! -f ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/ssl-dhparams.pem ]; then
  echo " Downloading recommended TLS DH parameters"
  curl --retry 6 -Ls -z "Tue, 14 Apr 2020 16:49:18 GMT" 
    -o "${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/ssl-dhparams.pem" 
    "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/certbot/certbot/master/certbot/certbot/ssl-dhparams.pem" 
    || echo "Couldn't download latest ssl-dhparams.pem"
fi

# If tls_certs_init.sh hasn't been run before, remove the self-signed certs
if [ ! -d "/etc/letsencrypt/accounts" ]; then
  echo " Removing self-signed certificates"
  rm -rf "${CERT_DIR}"
fi

if [ "" = "${LETS_ENCRYPT_STAGING:-}" ] || [ "0" = "${LETS_ENCRYPT_STAGING}" ]; then
  CERTBOT_STAGING_FLAG=""
else
  CERTBOT_STAGING_FLAG="--staging"
fi

if [ ! -f "${CERT_DIR}/fullchain.pem" ]; then
  echo " Generating certificates with Let's Encrypt"
  certbot certonly --standalone 
         -m "${WORDPRESS_ADMIN_EMAIL}" 
         ${CERTBOT_STAGING_FLAG} 
         --agree-tos --force-renewal --non-interactive 
         -d "${TLS_HOSTNAME}"
fi

echo " Starting NGINX in order to use new configuration"
service nginx start

# Write crontab for periodic Let's Encrypt cert renewal
if [ "$(crontab -l | grep -m1 'certbot renew')" == "" ]; then
  echo " Adding certbot to crontab for automatic Let's Encrypt renewal"
  (crontab -l 2>/dev/null; echo "24 3 * * * certbot renew --nginx --post-hook 'service nginx reload'") | crontab -
fi

Ukwenza ngokwezifiso okwengeziwe kwesayithi lakho

Sikhulume ngenhla ngokuthi iskripthi sethu siyimisa kanjani i-NGINX kanye ne-NGINX Unit ukuze isebenze isayithi elilungele ukukhiqiza eline-TLSSSL enikwe amandla. Ungakwazi futhi, kuye ngezidingo zakho, ukwengeza esikhathini esizayo:

• ukusekela U-Brotli, ukucindezelwa okuthuthukisiwe lapho undiza phezu kwe-HTTPS
• I-ModSecurity с imithetho ye WordPressukuvimbela ukuhlasela okuzenzakalelayo kusayithi lakho
• Isipele ngoba WordPress, kufanelekile kuwe
• Ukuvikelwa ngosizo lwe I-AppArmor (ku Ubuntu)
• Ukulungiswa kweposi noma i-msmtp ku- WordPress ingathumela iposi
• Ukuhlola isayithi lakho ukuze uqonde ukuthi ingakanani ithrafikhi engakwazi ukuyiphatha

Ukuze uthole ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu kwesayithi, sincoma ukuthi uthuthukele ku I-NGINX Plus, umkhiqizo wethu wezohwebo, wezinga lebhizinisi ngokusekelwe kumthombo ovulekile we-NGINX. Ababhalisile bayo bazothola imojuli ye-Brotli elayishwe ngamandla, kanye (ngemali eyengeziwe) I-NGINX ModSecurity WAF. Siphinde sinikele I-NGINX App Protect, imojula ye-WAF ye-NGINX Plus esekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokuphepha obuhamba phambili embonini kusuka ku-F5.

NB Ukuze uthole ukusekelwa kwesayithi elayishwe kakhulu, ungaxhumana nochwepheshe I-Southbridge. Sizoqinisekisa ukusebenza okusheshayo nokuthembekile kwewebhusayithi yakho noma isevisi ngaphansi kwanoma yimuphi umthwalo.

Source: www.habr.com